Diabetes Complications: Microvascular and Macrovascular Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that leads to dialysis?

  • Macrovascular disease
  • Retinopathy
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetic nephropathy (correct)
  • Which of the following is a microvascular complication of diabetes?

  • Heart disease
  • Retinopathy (correct)
  • Nephropathy
  • Hypertension
  • What is the purpose of regular foot checks in patients with diabetes?

  • To prevent amputations secondary to infection (correct)
  • To monitor for retinopathy
  • To monitor blood glucose levels
  • To diagnose diabetic nephropathy
  • Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Tingling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 2-3 months?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the destruction of small blood vessels, a complication of diabetes?

    <p>Microvascular destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin replacement and strict diet control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of severe hyperglycemia in diabetes?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypoglycemia in diabetes?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term complication of diabetes that can take years to develop?

    <p>Macrovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Beta cells are available but not working correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of diabetes that can lead to renal failure?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity on insulin needs?

    <p>Decreased insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral medication is known to prevent diabetes, especially in younger and obese patients?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

    <p>Delays absorption of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is considered an insulin sensitizer?

    <p>Rosiglitazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of metformin?

    <p>Gastrointestinal upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

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