Diabetes Complications: Microvascular and Macrovascular Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that leads to dialysis?

  • Macrovascular disease
  • Retinopathy
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetic nephropathy (correct)

Which of the following is a microvascular complication of diabetes?

  • Heart disease
  • Retinopathy (correct)
  • Nephropathy
  • Hypertension

What is the purpose of regular foot checks in patients with diabetes?

  • To prevent amputations secondary to infection (correct)
  • To monitor for retinopathy
  • To monitor blood glucose levels
  • To diagnose diabetic nephropathy

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

<p>Tingling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 2-3 months?

<p>Hemoglobin A1C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the destruction of small blood vessels, a complication of diabetes?

<p>Microvascular destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Insulin replacement and strict diet control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of severe hyperglycemia in diabetes?

<p>Ketoacidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hypoglycemia in diabetes?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term complication of diabetes that can take years to develop?

<p>Macrovascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Beta cells are available but not working correctly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of diabetes that can lead to renal failure?

<p>Ketoacidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity on insulin needs?

<p>Decreased insulin needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oral medication is known to prevent diabetes, especially in younger and obese patients?

<p>Metformin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

<p>Delays absorption of carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered an insulin sensitizer?

<p>Rosiglitazone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of metformin?

<p>Gastrointestinal upset (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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