Diabetes Complications: Microvascular and Macrovascular Effects

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What is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that leads to dialysis?

Macrovascular disease

Retinopathy

Hypertension

Diabetic nephropathy (correct)

Which of the following is a microvascular complication of diabetes?

Heart disease

Retinopathy (correct)

Nephropathy

Hypertension

What is the purpose of regular foot checks in patients with diabetes?

To prevent amputations secondary to infection (correct)

To monitor for retinopathy

To monitor blood glucose levels

To diagnose diabetic nephropathy

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

Tingling Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 2-3 months?

Hemoglobin A1C Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the destruction of small blood vessels, a complication of diabetes?

Microvascular destruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

Insulin replacement and strict diet control Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of severe hyperglycemia in diabetes?

Ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hypoglycemia in diabetes?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term complication of diabetes that can take years to develop?

Macrovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

Beta cells are available but not working correctly Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of diabetes that can lead to renal failure?

Ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity on insulin needs?

Decreased insulin needs Signup and view all the answers

Which oral medication is known to prevent diabetes, especially in younger and obese patients?

Metformin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

Delays absorption of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered an insulin sensitizer?

Rosiglitazone Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of metformin?

Gastrointestinal upset Signup and view all the answers