Podcast
Questions and Answers
The DHCP client sends a discover packet to find a DHCP ______ in the network.
The DHCP client sends a discover packet to find a DHCP ______ in the network.
server
The DHCP relay agent forwards DHCP messages between ______ and clients.
The DHCP relay agent forwards DHCP messages between ______ and clients.
servers
Each DHCP server sends an ______ packet to the client in response to the discover packet.
Each DHCP server sends an ______ packet to the client in response to the discover packet.
offer
The DHCP client typically selects the server that offers the longest lease time on the ______.
The DHCP client typically selects the server that offers the longest lease time on the ______.
The DHCP client sends a ______ packet that specifies the DHCP server from which to obtain configuration information.
The DHCP client sends a ______ packet that specifies the DHCP server from which to obtain configuration information.
After getting the request packet, the DHCP server sends an ______ packet back to the client.
After getting the request packet, the DHCP server sends an ______ packet back to the client.
The DHCP relay agent snoops on all of the packets ______ between the client and the server.
The DHCP relay agent snoops on all of the packets ______ between the client and the server.
The process of monitoring lease expiry is referred to as lease ______ or passive snooping.
The process of monitoring lease expiry is referred to as lease ______ or passive snooping.
The DHCP model is based on a ______ architecture.
The DHCP model is based on a ______ architecture.
A DHCP ______ is any IP device configured to request an IP address from a server.
A DHCP ______ is any IP device configured to request an IP address from a server.
The role of a DHCP ______ agent is to pass messages between clients and servers across different subnets.
The role of a DHCP ______ agent is to pass messages between clients and servers across different subnets.
In the first step of the DHCP process, the client sends a ______ message to discover available IP addresses.
In the first step of the DHCP process, the client sends a ______ message to discover available IP addresses.
After receiving the DISCOVER message, the DHCP server sends a ______ offering an IP address to the client.
After receiving the DISCOVER message, the DHCP server sends a ______ offering an IP address to the client.
The client's message to accept the offered IP address is known as a DHCP ______.
The client's message to accept the offered IP address is known as a DHCP ______.
Once the lease duration has expired, the DHCP server can assign the IP address to another ______.
Once the lease duration has expired, the DHCP server can assign the IP address to another ______.
The final acknowledgment from the DHCP server to the client is called the DHCP ______.
The final acknowledgment from the DHCP server to the client is called the DHCP ______.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host ______ Protocol.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host ______ Protocol.
In the DHCP client-server model, the ______ is responsible for responding to IP address requests.
In the DHCP client-server model, the ______ is responsible for responding to IP address requests.
A ______ agent is used in DHCP to facilitate communication between clients and servers across different networks.
A ______ agent is used in DHCP to facilitate communication between clients and servers across different networks.
RARP stands for Reverse ______ Resolution Protocol.
RARP stands for Reverse ______ Resolution Protocol.
Lease management in DHCP involves ______ IP addresses to clients for a specified duration.
Lease management in DHCP involves ______ IP addresses to clients for a specified duration.
The DHCP process typically begins with a client sending a ______ request to discover available servers.
The DHCP process typically begins with a client sending a ______ request to discover available servers.
After receiving a DHCPDISCOVER, the server responds with a ______ offer containing an available IP address.
After receiving a DHCPDISCOVER, the server responds with a ______ offer containing an available IP address.
The final step of lease management includes the client sending a ______ request to finalize the IP address assignment.
The final step of lease management includes the client sending a ______ request to finalize the IP address assignment.
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Study Notes
DHCP Relay Agent
- Forwards DHCP messages between DHCP servers and clients when they are not on the same subnet.
- Maintains an internal client table to track the state of each client.
- Receives offer packets from DHCP servers and forwards them to the client.
- Forwards request packets from the client to the selected DHCP server.
- Forwards acknowledgement packets from the server to the client.
- Installs host routes and ARP entries for clients, if configured to do so.
- Implements "lease shadowing" to monitor the client's lease status and know when it expires or is released.
DHCP Architecture Components
- DHCP Server: Automatically assigns network information (IP address, subnet mask, gateway address) on lease.
- DHCP Client: Any device on the network configured to request configuration parameters from a DHCP server.
- DHCP Relay Agent: Used to forward DHCP messages between servers and clients when they are not on the same subnet.
DHCP Transaction Steps
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Step 1: DHCP Discover:
- Client broadcasts a discover packet to find a DHCP server.
- Client's source IP is 0.0.0.0 (because it lacks an IP address yet).
- Destination is 255.255.255.255 (broadcast address).
-
Step 2: DHCP Offer:
- DHCP server broadcasts an offer packet with an IP address to the client.
- Source address is the DHCP server's address.
- Destination is 255.255.255.255 (broadcast address).
-
Step 3: DHCP Request:
- Client broadcasts a request packet to accept the offered IP address.
- Client's IP is still 0.0.0.0.
- Destination is 255.255.255.255 (broadcast address).
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Step 4: DHCP Acknowledgement:
- DHCP server sends an acknowledgement packet containing the client's configuration parameters.
- Destination is the client's IP address (now assigned).
DHCP Port Numbers
- DHCP clients use UDP port 68.
- DHCP servers use UDP port 67.
DHCP Communication Protocol
- Works on the Application layer of the TCP/IP protocol.
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