Dharmic Religions Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Dharma' signify in Hinduism?

  • Supernatural forces
  • Religious texts
  • Cultural traditions
  • Individual's appropriate behavior or duty (correct)

Theravada Buddhism is known as the 'School of elder monks'.

True (A)

Hinduism is described as the oldest and most __________ of all religions.

complex

Which sacred scripture is central to Theravada Buddhism?

<p>Pali Canon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Shruti = Eternal truths passed orally Smriti = Written texts that recount tradition Theravada = School that emphasizes elder monks Siddhartha Gautama = Founder of Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Mahayana Buddhism aim to do?

<p>Extend religious authority to a larger number of people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Shintoism, the sun god is referred to as Amaterasu O Mikami.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is considered key in Shintoism?

<p>Purification</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mahayana Buddhism, Siddhartha is regarded as a benevolent ______ being.

<p>celestial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the view of humans in Shintoism?

<p>Humans are regarded as superior beings with potential kami (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism seek their own enlightenment before helping others.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained according to Shintoism?

<p>Physical, external, and material purity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key concepts with their respective religions:

<p>Buddhism = Bodhisattvas delay enlightenment to help others Shintoism = Physical purity is essential Mahayana Buddhism = Siddhartha is a celestial being</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following texts is NOT part of the Buddhist canon?

<p>The Gita (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of Atman in Hinduism describes an eternal soul that is reborn.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

<ol> <li>Suffering exists 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. Suffering can cease 4. The path to the cessation of suffering is the Eightfold Path.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Hinduism offers many paths to _____.

<p>salvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Buddhist terms with their meanings:

<p>Samsara = Cycle of death and rebirth Karma = Law of moral cause and effect Dharma = Teachings of the Buddha Nirvana = State of liberation and freedom from suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the Three Jewels in Buddhism?

<p>The Buddha (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Trimurti in Hinduism consists of Brahma, Vishnu, and Yama.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of right effort in the Eightfold Path?

<p>To cultivate positive states of mind and to avoid negative ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is considered to be a guiding principle in Confucianism, emphasizing human relationships.

<p>Rectification of Names</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which festival is known as India’s biggest and most important holiday?

<p>Diwali (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Daoism, Wu Wei encourages taking decisive action at all times.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anatman' signify in Buddhism?

<p>The concept that there is no permanent, unchanging soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The path to the cessation of suffering in Buddhism is represented by the _____ Path.

<p>Eightfold</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following beliefs with their corresponding religious tradition:

<p>Confucianism = Focus on human relationships and ethics Hinduism = Belief in Atman and multiple paths to liberation Buddhism = Emphasis on suffering and the Eightfold Path Daoism = Living in harmony with the natural world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Theravada Buddhism

A school of Buddhism that draws on the teachings of the oldest Buddhist texts, known as the Pali Canon, and emphasizes meeting basic human needs and solving humankind's spiritual problems.

Hinduism's Origin

Hinduism is one of the world's oldest and most complex religions, originally known as "Arya Dharma" or the "Aryan Way".

Hinduism's Dharma

In Hinduism, Dharma represents an individual's appropriate behavior or duty to be fulfilled.

Sacred Hindu Scriptures

Hindu scriptures were passed down through generations by music, recitation, dance, and drama, and are written in Sanskrit.

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"Shruti" and "Smriti"

Two classes of Hindu scriptures; Shruti ("that which is heard") represents eternal truths, and Smriti represents other teachings.

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Mahayana Buddhism

A school of Buddhism that aims to spread its teachings widely, believing that Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) was not just a human but a divine being who taught secret principles.

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Bodhisattvas

Individuals who have achieved enlightenment but delay their own liberation to help others reach theirs.

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Shintoism

A religion that emphasizes the worship of kami (spirits) and the importance of purity and harmony with nature. It is often described as a way of life rather than just a religion.

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Amaterasu O Mikami

The sun goddess in Shintoism, considered a major kami and a symbol of the Japanese imperial family.

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Shinto Purity

A key concept in Shintoism emphasizing the importance of physical, external, and material purity. Blood, menstruation, and death are seen as impure.

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Death in Shintoism

Death is considered impure in Shintoism, but the dead are still believed to be able to visit the world of the living, especially during festivals.

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Yu Wei

In contrast to the 'let nature run its course' approach, this principle in Shintoism involves taking action to restore harmony.

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Contrast between Yu Wei and Letting Nature Run its Course

While Shintoism often emphasizes letting nature take its course, the 'Yu Wei' principle highlights the need for human intervention to restore harmony.

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What are the Vedas?

A collection of ancient Hindu scriptures considered to be the foundation of Hinduism. They are considered to be 'knowledge' or 'sacred lore.'

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What are the Upanishads?

A collection of philosophical texts within Hinduism that explore the nature of reality, the soul, and the relationship between the individual and the divine.

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What is the meaning of Smriti?

It refers to the 'remembered' teachings of Hinduism, which are written texts based on the Shruti but often offer interpretations and elaborations.

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What is the Ramayana?

An epic poem in Hinduism that narrates the story of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, and his journey to rescue his wife, Sita.

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What is the Mahabharata?

A massive Sanskrit epic poem that recounts the conflict between two warring families, the Pandavas and Kauravas, offering insights into dharma, karma, and the cyclical nature of life.

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What is the Trimurti?

A Hindu concept that represents the three primary deities: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, who embody creation, preservation, and destruction respectively.

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How can someone achieve Moksha?

Moksha is the ultimate goal in Hinduism, signifying liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). It is achieved through spiritual enlightenment and realization of one's true nature.

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What is Samsara?

The endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism, driven by karma.

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What is Karma?

The concept of cause and effect in Hinduism, where one's actions in this life determine their future lives.

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What is Diwali?

A major Hindu festival celebrated with lights, fireworks, and sweets, signifying the triumph of good over evil and the return of Rama to Ayodhya.

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What is the Triratna?

The Three Jewels of Buddhism: Buddha (the awakened one), Dharma (the teachings), and Sangha (the community of monks and nuns).

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What are the Four Noble Truths?

Buddhism's core teachings that describe the nature of suffering, its causes, its cessation, and the path to liberation.

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What is Dukkha?

The first Noble Truth, which refers to suffering, dissatisfaction, or unsatisfactoriness that is inherent in human life.

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What is Samodaya?

The second Noble Truth, which describes the cause of suffering as attachment, craving, and desire.

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What is Nirodha?

The third Noble Truth, which states that suffering can be extinguished by eliminating the cause of suffering, attachment and craving.

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What is Magga?

The fourth Noble Truth, which outlines the path to liberation from suffering, known as the Eightfold Path.

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What is the Eightfold Path?

A set of eight principles that guide Buddhists towards enlightenment, encompassing right understanding, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.

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Study Notes

Dharmic Religions

  • Hinduism is the oldest and most complex religion.
  • The term "Hindu" comes from the Persian word "hindu", meaning river.
  • It was originally known as "Arya Dharma" or the "Aryan Way".
  • Dharma encompasses appropriate behavior, duty, customs, and laws.
  • Sacred scriptures are passed down through generations using music, recitation, dance, and drama.
  • Two types of scriptures exist: Shruti ("heard") and Smriti ("remembered").
  • Shruti includes the Vedas ("knowledge" or "sacred lore") and Upanishads ("sitting down nearby").
  • Smriti includes the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
  • Hinduism offers multiple paths to salvation, such as Bhakti Yoga.
  • The Trimurti consists of Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), and Shiva (destroyer).
  • Routes to Moksha (liberation) involve the concept of Samsara (cycle of rebirth).
  • Actions have consequences (karma) that affect future lives.
  • An eternal soul (Atman) is reborn many times, reflecting moral laws.
  • Key festivals include Diwali (Festival of Lights), among others.

Theravada Buddhism

  • A practical religion that originated in East Asia.
  • Emphasizes basic human needs and spiritual problems.
  • It rejects reliance on supernatural forces.
  • Known as the Southern School, based on the teachings from the Pali Canon.
  • Siddhartha Gautama, left his family, wealth, and social status, seeking enlightenment.
  • Key scriptures include the Tripitaka (three baskets): Sutta Pitaka (teachings), Vinaya Pitaka (disciplinary rules), and Abhidhamma Pitaka (psychology).
  • Parinirvana refers to Siddhartha's death.
  • The First Buddhist Council convened to record and recite teachings (Dhamma/Dharma).

Confucianism

  • A philosophy, aiming to revitalize the Zhou dynasty's religious practices.
  • Primarily focuses on human relations.
  • Key doctrines emphasize social harmony, moral responsibility, and virtuous behaviors to achieve societal order.

Daoism

  • Founded by Lao Tzu, author of the Dao De Jing/Book of the Way and its Power.
  • Primarily a system of philosophy and ways of life, rather than a structured religion.
  • Central idea is Wu Wei (non-action) or doing without doing, aligning with the natural order, adapting to circumstances without striving.

Shintoism

  • A Japanese religion focused on worshiping Kami (spirits or deities).
  • Viewed as less of a religion, more a way of life and practices.
  • Amaterasu Omikami is their sun goddess.
  • Values purification and harmony with nature.

General Impurities

  • Blood is considered impure (menstruating women, childbirth).
  • Death is viewed as an impure state.
  • Rituals of purification are often associated with these situations, particularly in some cultural contexts.

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Description

Explore the complexities and beliefs of Hinduism, one of the oldest religions in the world. This quiz delves into concepts such as Dharma, the scriptures of Shruti and Smriti, and the paths to salvation. Test your knowledge of key figures, festivals, and the significance of karma and Moksha.

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