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Questions and Answers

What is social stratification?

  • The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy (correct)
  • A system of racial segregation
  • A measure of social class based on income
  • The cultural beliefs that maintain social classes
  • What is social inequality?

    The unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society.

    List the four basic principles of social stratification.

    1. It is a characteristic of a society, rather than a reflection of individual preferences. 2. It persists over generations. 3. Societies use different criteria for ranking members. 4. Maintained through cultural beliefs.

    What defines slavery in social stratification?

    <p>The most extreme form of social stratification, based on the legal ownership of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a caste system?

    <p>A set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Indian caste system?

    <p>It was a division of society into four castes (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Sudra) with the 'Untouchable' (Dalit) outcasts below this structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was apartheid?

    <p>A system of legal racial segregation in South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'The New Jim Crow' refer to?

    <p>The idea that penal policy unjustly targets black men, creating disadvantages for the black community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define socioeconomic status.

    <p>A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the upper class?

    <p>A group with high income and prestige, owning vast amounts of property and wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the upper middle class?

    <p>Social class consisting mostly of highly educated professionals and managers with financial stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the working middle class?

    <p>Blue collar/service workers making up 30% of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'working poor' refer to?

    <p>People who work but whose earnings are not enough to lift them above the poverty line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the underclass.

    <p>A group for whom poverty persists year after year and across generations, accounting for 12% of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is status inconsistency?

    <p>Ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others, also called status discrepancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does conflict theory say about the class system?

    <p>Poverty is caused by flaws in society, not by natural conditions of individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Weberian theory view wealth in the class system?

    <p>Wealth can come from other sources than owning the means of production; it includes income, property, and assets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of structural functionalism on class systems?

    <p>Society rewards people considered more important with more rewards, but the definition of 'importance' can be questioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does postmodernism say about class status?

    <p>Class status is passed down through generations, influencing cultural capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does symbolic interactionism say about social class?

    <p>We make assumptions about people's social class from our interactions with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Stratification

    • Division of society into groups organized in a social hierarchy.
    • Influences access to resources and opportunities.

    Social Inequality

    • Refers to unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among society members.

    Basic Principles of Social Stratification

    • Characteristic of society rather than individual preference.
    • Persists across generations.
    • Varies by criteria for ranking individuals.
    • Reinforced by cultural beliefs.

    Forms of Social Stratification

    • Slavery: Most extreme form, involving legal ownership of individuals.
    • Caste System: Rigid social categories dictating occupation, economic potential, and social positioning.
    • Indian Caste System: Historically divided into four main castes (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra) complicating with many sub-castes and including Dalits as outcasts.

    Historical Systems of Inequality

    • Apartheid: A system of racial segregation in South Africa (1948-1994) limiting rights of the black majority under white minority rule.
    • The New Jim Crow: Penal policies, especially war on drugs, disproportionately affect black men, undermining their citizenship rights.

    Socioeconomic Status

    • Measurement of social class based on income, education, and occupation.

    Social Class Categories

    • Upper Class: High income and prestige; includes wealthy individuals, top corporate owners, and celebrities.
    • Upper Middle Class: Composed of educated professionals and managers; represents about 14% of the U.S. population.
    • Working Middle Class: Comprises blue-collar/service workers, about 30% of the population.
    • Working Poor: Individuals who are employed but earn below the poverty line.
    • Underclass: Individuals experiencing persistent poverty over generations; constitutes about 12% of the population earning less than $15,000.

    Status Inconsistency

    • Occurs when an individual's social status is ranked high in some dimensions and low in others (e.g., a respected clergy member without material wealth).

    Theoretical Perspectives on Class System

    • Conflict Theory: Argues poverty is a societal issue, not an individual deficiency, stemming from capitalism; highlights internal societal contradictions.
    • Weberian Theory: Proposes that wealth is derived from several sources beyond the means of production, including income and assets; distinguishes between old and new money.
    • Structural Functionalism: Suggests society rewards those deemed more crucial, questioning definitions of importance in various roles.
    • Postmodernism: Focuses on the generational transfer of class status and cultural capital acquired through experiences and education.
    • Symbolic Interactionism: Examines how social class assumptions are formed through daily interactions and perceptions.

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