Podcast
Questions and Answers
What happens to untracked files or directories when writing tracked files in Git?
What happens to untracked files or directories when writing tracked files in Git?
Which command is NOT used to manage the stash area in Git?
Which command is NOT used to manage the stash area in Git?
What should be included in a .gitignore file?
What should be included in a .gitignore file?
What is a key purpose of commit messages in Git?
What is a key purpose of commit messages in Git?
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What should be avoided when making commits in Git?
What should be avoided when making commits in Git?
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How should commit messages be formatted?
How should commit messages be formatted?
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What feature does the 'git stash' command provide?
What feature does the 'git stash' command provide?
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What is an example of what can be included in a .gitignore file?
What is an example of what can be included in a .gitignore file?
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What is the primary purpose of the Stash area in Git?
What is the primary purpose of the Stash area in Git?
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Which command is used to move data from the Working Directory to the Index?
Which command is used to move data from the Working Directory to the Index?
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What does the command 'git diff' do?
What does the command 'git diff' do?
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What is the effect of using 'git revert' on existing commits?
What is the effect of using 'git revert' on existing commits?
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Which git reset option will leave all changed files staged for commit?
Which git reset option will leave all changed files staged for commit?
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What does the 'git reset --hard' command do?
What does the 'git reset --hard' command do?
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What is the function of the 'git show' command?
What is the function of the 'git show' command?
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What does the 'git checkout' command primarily do?
What does the 'git checkout' command primarily do?
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What is the primary function of a Version Control System (VCS)?
What is the primary function of a Version Control System (VCS)?
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Which feature distinguishes a Distributed Version Control System from a Centralized Version Control System?
Which feature distinguishes a Distributed Version Control System from a Centralized Version Control System?
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What is the purpose of the staging area (Index) in Git?
What is the purpose of the staging area (Index) in Git?
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What happens when a file is locked in a Centralized Version Control System?
What happens when a file is locked in a Centralized Version Control System?
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Which command is used to create a new Git repository?
Which command is used to create a new Git repository?
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Which statement about the working directory in Git is accurate?
Which statement about the working directory in Git is accurate?
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What is a 'commit' in the context of version control?
What is a 'commit' in the context of version control?
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What is the main advantage of using Git as a version control system?
What is the main advantage of using Git as a version control system?
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Who created Git and for what purpose?
Who created Git and for what purpose?
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What key advantage does a Distributed Version Control System have over a Centralized system?
What key advantage does a Distributed Version Control System have over a Centralized system?
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Study Notes
DevOps Implementation - Week 2
- The topic for week 2 is Version Control with Git
- Objectives include Version Control Systems (VCS) and Git fundamentals
- Version control manages multiple versions of a project
- Changes to files (adding, editing, removing) need to be tracked
- Changes made to files can be undone or rolled back
- Version control is performed by a Version Control System
Different Types of Version Control Systems
- Local Version Control System stores changes locally in a single database, not suitable for team collaboration
- Source Code Control System (SCCS) developed by AT&T, was popular in the 1970s
- Centralized Version Control System changes are stored on a central server. Authors access and work on files. Locking of files can be an issue when one person is working on a file concurrently.
- Distributed Version Control System similar to Centralized VCS, but each client has a local copy of the repository. This allows developers to work offline or in parallel. Easier collaboration is possible.
Centralized VCS vs Distributed VCS
- A centralized VCS relies on a central server to store all versions of the project.
- In a distributed VCS, each developer has a complete copy of the repository on their local machine.
Git (Global Information Tracker)
- Created in 2005 by Linus Torvalds to replace BitKeeper for managing Linux kernel changes
- A distributed version control system
- Uses checksums for data integrity
- Cross-platform, open source, and free
- Download from https://git-scm.com/download/
Git Popularity
- Based on data from openhub.net, Git has a popularity of 79%
- Subversion has 17% popularity
- Other version control systems show low popularity (CVS, Bazaar, Mercurial)
Install & Setup Git
- Download Git from https://git-scm.com/downloads
- Configure Git for use as needed (choosing default editor etc.)
Some Key Terms in Git
- Repository: storage for the project and changes
- Each project needs a repository to use Git
-
git initorgit clone <repo url>to create a repo - Working Directory: where files are edited
- Never modify files inside ".git" directory
- Staging Area/Index: where files go before being committed
- Commit: a snapshot of the project at a particular time
- Stash: temporary storage for changes during work on another part of the project
Git's 4 Areas
- Working Directory, Staging Area, and Repository. Data moves from the Working Directory to the Staging Area, then finally to the Git Directory in the Repository
- Commands to move data include git add, git commit, git checkout, git restore, git rm --cached, git diff, etc
A Simple Git Workflow Example
- Instructions on creating, adding files and making initial commits.
Check commit log
- Git log is a useful feature
- Various commands to filter commit logs, including those based on date and author
View Previous Versions
- Use the
git show <name>command to see a specific commit - The name is the first letters of the commit name
Manage Commits - revert
-
git revertis for reversing previous commits (creating a new "revert commit")
Manage commits – reset
-
git resetcommand to undo changes and revert to a previous commit - Different modes exist to undo changes
Git reset vs Git checkout
-
git checkoutchanges the branch you are working on -
git resetundoes changes while still remaining on the current branch
Stash
- Use
git stashto temporarily save changes,git stash applyimplements these changes andgit stash clearremoves them from the stash area - Other stash commands such as
git stash --include-untracked
.gitignore file
- Used to exclude files from Git control
- Includes files, directories, or patterns to exclude from tracking
More on .gitignore
- .gitignore files can include directories and patterns to match files for exclusion
Git Commit Best Practices
- Each commit should be independent, atomic, and complete (done or fix bug).
- Split big tasks into logical chunks.
- Briefly explain commit decisions/changes.
References
- List of reference material for Git and DevOps provided (URLs).
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Version Control Systems (VCS) with a focus on Git. Learn about the types of version control, their benefits and drawbacks, and how they support project collaboration. Gain insights into managing changes, tracking versions, and working with both centralized and distributed systems.
