DevOps Implementation - Week 2: Git Version Control

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens to untracked files or directories when writing tracked files in Git?

  • They are preserved.
  • They are deleted. (correct)
  • They are ignored.
  • They are renamed.

Which command is NOT used to manage the stash area in Git?

  • git stash apply
  • git stash
  • git stash clear
  • git commit (correct)

What should be included in a .gitignore file?

  • Sensitive personal information. (correct)
  • All project files.
  • Undertracked files.
  • Files matching a description. (correct)

What is a key purpose of commit messages in Git?

<p>To explain why changes were made. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when making commits in Git?

<p>Committing half-finished work. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should commit messages be formatted?

<p>Beginning with a capital letter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature does the 'git stash' command provide?

<p>Temporarily saves changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of what can be included in a .gitignore file?

<p>Accumulated logs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Stash area in Git?

<p>To temporarily store changes made to the working copy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to move data from the Working Directory to the Index?

<p>git add (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the command 'git diff' do?

<p>Shows changes between the working directory and the index. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using 'git revert' on existing commits?

<p>It creates a new commit that undoes the changes of a specified commit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which git reset option will leave all changed files staged for commit?

<p>--soft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'git reset --hard' command do?

<p>It discards all changes and resets index and working tree. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'git show' command?

<p>To display detailed information about a commit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'git checkout' command primarily do?

<p>Restores files in the working directory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Version Control System (VCS)?

<p>To manage multiple versions of a project. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes a Distributed Version Control System from a Centralized Version Control System?

<p>Each client has a complete clone of the repository. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the staging area (Index) in Git?

<p>To serve as a temporary space for files before committing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a file is locked in a Centralized Version Control System?

<p>No one can access the file until it's unlocked. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to create a new Git repository?

<p>git init / git clone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the working directory in Git is accurate?

<p>It is the area where the project files are actively worked on. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'commit' in the context of version control?

<p>A snapshot of the entire project at a specific point in time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using Git as a version control system?

<p>It enables faster operations by having multiple local repositories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created Git and for what purpose?

<p>Linus Torvalds, to replace BitKeeper in managing Linux kernel changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key advantage does a Distributed Version Control System have over a Centralized system?

<p>It can function without a main server permanently storing history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Version Control Systems (VCS)

Tools for managing changes in a project with multiple versions.

Local Version Control System

Tracks changes in a single local database, unsuitable for teamwork.

Centralized Version Control System

Stores change history on a single server allowing client connections.

Distributed Version Control System

Each client has a full clone of the repository, promoting teamwork without a central server.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forking

Cloning a repository to make independent changes while allowing sharing of updates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Repository

A storage space where all project files and their changes are kept.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Working Directory

The area where you modify files before they are committed to the repository.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Staging area (Index)

Temporary space where files are kept before being committed as a snapshot.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Commit

A snapshot of all changes made to the project at a specific time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Git Installation

The process to set up Git software on your machine for version control.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Git Stash

A command to temporarily store changes in Git without committing them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Git Stash Commands

Commands to manage the stash area include git stash, git stash apply, and git stash clear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

.gitignore

.gitignore is a file that tells Git which files to ignore in a project.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tracking Changes

Untracked files are deleted if they block writing tracked files.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Independent Commits

Each commit should be atomic, meaning self-contained and complete.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Commit Message Guidelines

Commit messages should be clear, concise, and ideally under 50 characters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stash Options

Stash options include --include-untracked, --keep-index, or --all to manage contents.

Signup and view all the flashcards

.gitignore Templates

Templates for .gitignore can be found on GitHub to help with standard ignores.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stash

A temporary storage area for changes made to a working copy in Git.

Signup and view all the flashcards

git add

A command that moves changes from the working directory to the staging area (Index).

Signup and view all the flashcards

git commit

A command that saves staged changes to the repository history.

Signup and view all the flashcards

git checkout

A command that retrieves changes from the repository to the working directory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

git revert

A command that creates a new commit which inverses the changes of a specified commit.

Signup and view all the flashcards

git reset

A command used to undo changes and move back to a specific commit, discarding later commits as needed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

git diff

A command that shows the differences between various states of the repository (working area, staging area, commits).

Signup and view all the flashcards

git show

A command to display changes made in a specific commit identified by its first 7 characters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

DevOps Implementation - Week 2

  • The topic for week 2 is Version Control with Git
  • Objectives include Version Control Systems (VCS) and Git fundamentals
  • Version control manages multiple versions of a project
  • Changes to files (adding, editing, removing) need to be tracked
  • Changes made to files can be undone or rolled back
  • Version control is performed by a Version Control System

Different Types of Version Control Systems

  • Local Version Control System stores changes locally in a single database, not suitable for team collaboration
  • Source Code Control System (SCCS) developed by AT&T, was popular in the 1970s
  • Centralized Version Control System changes are stored on a central server. Authors access and work on files. Locking of files can be an issue when one person is working on a file concurrently.
  • Distributed Version Control System similar to Centralized VCS, but each client has a local copy of the repository. This allows developers to work offline or in parallel. Easier collaboration is possible.

Centralized VCS vs Distributed VCS

  • A centralized VCS relies on a central server to store all versions of the project.
  • In a distributed VCS, each developer has a complete copy of the repository on their local machine.

Git (Global Information Tracker)

  • Created in 2005 by Linus Torvalds to replace BitKeeper for managing Linux kernel changes
  • A distributed version control system
  • Uses checksums for data integrity
  • Cross-platform, open source, and free
  • Download from https://git-scm.com/download/

Git Popularity

  • Based on data from openhub.net, Git has a popularity of 79%
  • Subversion has 17% popularity
  • Other version control systems show low popularity (CVS, Bazaar, Mercurial)

Install & Setup Git

Some Key Terms in Git

  • Repository: storage for the project and changes
  • Each project needs a repository to use Git
  • git init or git clone <repo url> to create a repo
  • Working Directory: where files are edited
  • Never modify files inside ".git" directory
  • Staging Area/Index: where files go before being committed
  • Commit: a snapshot of the project at a particular time
  • Stash: temporary storage for changes during work on another part of the project

Git's 4 Areas

  • Working Directory, Staging Area, and Repository. Data moves from the Working Directory to the Staging Area, then finally to the Git Directory in the Repository
  • Commands to move data include git add, git commit, git checkout, git restore, git rm --cached, git diff, etc

A Simple Git Workflow Example

  • Instructions on creating, adding files and making initial commits.

Check commit log

  • Git log is a useful feature
  • Various commands to filter commit logs, including those based on date and author

View Previous Versions

  • Use the git show <name> command to see a specific commit
  • The name is the first letters of the commit name

Manage Commits - revert

  • git revert is for reversing previous commits (creating a new "revert commit")

Manage commits – reset

  • git reset command to undo changes and revert to a previous commit
  • Different modes exist to undo changes

Git reset vs Git checkout

  • git checkout changes the branch you are working on
  • git reset undoes changes while still remaining on the current branch

Stash

  • Use git stash to temporarily save changes, git stash apply implements these changes and git stash clear removes them from the stash area
  • Other stash commands such as git stash --include-untracked

.gitignore file

  • Used to exclude files from Git control
  • Includes files, directories, or patterns to exclude from tracking

More on .gitignore

  • .gitignore files can include directories and patterns to match files for exclusion

Git Commit Best Practices

  • Each commit should be independent, atomic, and complete (done or fix bug).
  • Split big tasks into logical chunks.
  • Briefly explain commit decisions/changes.

References

  • List of reference material for Git and DevOps provided (URLs).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Week 2 Git - DevOps Implementation PDF

More Like This

Git Version Control System
5 questions

Git Version Control System

ExceedingAntigorite6154 avatar
ExceedingAntigorite6154
Features of Git as a VCS
24 questions

Features of Git as a VCS

UnselfishParticle avatar
UnselfishParticle
Version Control Systems Overview
18 questions

Version Control Systems Overview

RespectfulConstellation9402 avatar
RespectfulConstellation9402
Git: Systemas de Control de Version
24 questions

Git: Systemas de Control de Version

AdmirableGamelan4231 avatar
AdmirableGamelan4231
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser