Developmental Psychology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What describes the stages of development in developmental psychology?

  • They occur in a strictly linear manner without overlap.
  • They are solely influenced by genetic factors.
  • They can consist of both abrupt and gradual transitions. (correct)
  • They are rooted only in environmental factors.

Which age range corresponds to the early childhood stage of development?

  • Birth to 2 years
  • 6 to 12 years
  • 12 to 18 years
  • 2 to 6 years (correct)

What role do critical periods play in developmental psychology?

  • They indicate ages where cognitive development is guaranteed.
  • They mark times when environmental influences are especially impactful. (correct)
  • They are random milestones without specific implications.
  • They are exclusively related to physical growth.

Which of the following best describes the relationship emphasized in developmental psychology?

<p>The interplay between heredity and environmental factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range does middle adulthood encompass?

<p>40 to 65 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In developmental psychology, what is most likely to happen during the prenatal stage?

<p>Physical growth and organ development occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of cognitive development does a child begin to develop the concept of object permanence?

<p>Sensorimotor Stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the Preoperational Stage of cognitive development?

<p>Conservation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Formal Operational Stage?

<p>Abstract reasoning abilities begin to appear, but not all children reach this stage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's conservation task, what do children in the Preoperational Stage typically struggle to understand?

<p>The amount of liquid remains the same despite changes in container shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description is accurately associated with the Concrete Operational Stage?

<p>Children are able to carry out logical operations tied to concrete situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct description of a gene?

<p>A unit of DNA on a chromosome that encodes instructions for making a protein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of DNA?

<p>DNA contains the instructions necessary for protein synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes chromosomes?

<p>Chromosomes consist of DNA and are found in the cell nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'genotype' refer to?

<p>The genetic composition of an organism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided diagram, which feature best represents the structure of DNA?

<p>A twisted,double-helix structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'alleles' refer to in genetics?

<p>Different versions of genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes sex chromosomes?

<p>They determine biological sex and are the 23rd pair in humans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetics, what does the term 'phenotype' mean?

<p>The observable physical characteristics of an organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the human genome is accurate?

<p>It encompasses all the genes of a species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the karyotype in genetic studies?

<p>It depicts the arrangement of chromosomes in pairs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of alleles in determining traits?

<p>They can interact with environmental factors to influence traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the images related to chromosomes typically demonstrate?

<p>The structural properties and pair arrangement of chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function do sex chromosomes specifically serve in humans?

<p>They govern the biological sex of the organism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way in which a child transitions from one stage to another in Piaget's cognitive development theory?

<p>Through qualitative changes in their reasoning abilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does a child primarily use language to represent objects and actions?

<p>Preoperational stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ability is developed during the Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

<p>Object permanence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, what mechanism allows a child to incorporate new information into their existing cognitive framework?

<p>Assimilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects Piaget's view on cognitive development?

<p>Stages of cognitive development are fixed and occur in a specific sequence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms at the top of the neural tube during prenatal brain development?

<p>Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neural stem cells during the early stages of brain development?

<p>Producing neurons and glial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex is characterized by an infant grasping an object placed in their palm?

<p>Palmar grasp reflex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the rooting reflex in infants?

<p>It assists in feeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflexes involves the infant extending their limbs before pulling them back in?

<p>Moro reflex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens approximately three weeks after conception concerning brain development?

<p>Beginning of brain development as a neural tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a survival reflex in infants?

<p>Crawling reflex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bulges formed at the top of the neural tube collectively known as?

<p>Brain vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of neural stem cells during prenatal development?

<p>Proliferation into neurons and glial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential role do reflexes play in infants?

<p>Providing innate survival mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex is characterized by an automatic response to stimuli that has potential survival value?

<p>Palmar grasp reflex (A), Moro reflex (B), Rooting reflex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do most infants typically develop depth perception?

<p>6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following milestones involves a baby being able to turn from their back to their stomach?

<p>Rolling over (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of babies start to acquire the skill of sitting without support by 6 months?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone is typically achieved by babies around 12 months of age?

<p>Walking independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the sensory development of infants?

<p>Vision is the slowest of all senses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age marks the approximate point at which a baby can grasp a small rattle?

<p>5 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of reflexes at expected periods contribute to child development assessment?

<p>Serves as signs of normal neurological development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age can a baby typically stand alone without support?

<p>12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period marks a notable disappearance of many newborn reflexes?

<p>By 6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sensorimotor Stage

Stage of development (birth to 2 years) where a child explores and acts on the world using senses and developing motor skills. Object permanence develops.

Preoperational Stage

Stage (2 to 7 years) where children use language, but thinking is limited. Egocentrism, animism, centration, and irreversibility are important characteristics.

Concrete Operational Stage

Stage (7 to 11 years) where children can think logically about concrete problems. Conservation is a key characteristic.

Formal Operational Stage

Stage (begins around puberty) where abstract reasoning develops. Not all reach this stage.

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Conservation

Understanding that the amount of something stays the same even if its appearance changes (e.g., same amount of liquid in different-shaped glasses).

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Chromosome Structure

A long, thread-like structure made of DNA, found in the cell nucleus

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DNA Role

Double-stranded molecule holding genetic instructions; basis of heredity

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Gene Definition

A DNA unit on a chromosome, instructing protein production

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Genotype Meaning

An individual's full set of genes

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Basic Unit of Heredity

Gene

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Developmental Psychology

The study of how people change throughout their lifespan, encompassing physical, cognitive, and social aspects.

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Life Stages

Developmental psychologists use stages to conceptualize how people progress through their lifespan, with some transitions being gradual and others more abrupt.

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Critical Periods

Specific times in a child's development when they are most sensitive to environmental influences, shaping their growth and development.

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Nature vs. Nurture

The ongoing debate about the relative influence of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) on development.

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Prenatal Stage

The stage of development from conception to birth, where the foundation for a child's growth and development is laid.

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Emerging Adulthood

A relatively new stage of development between adolescence and young adulthood, characterized by exploration of identity, career, and relationships.

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Human Genome

The entire set of DNA instructions found in a human. Think of it like a complete blueprint for building and maintaining a human being.

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Alleles

Different versions of a gene. Like variations on a recipe for a trait.

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What are sex chromosomes?

Chromosomes that determine biological sex, like the X and Y chromosomes. They are the 23rd pair in humans.

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Karyotype

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs by size and shape.

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What does a chromosome look like?

A long, thread-like structure made of DNA. It's like a tightly wound string of genetic instructions.

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Genotype

The complete set of genes an individual has. It's like their unique genetic code.

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Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an organism, such as height, eye color, or freckles. It's what you see.

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What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Your genotype (the genetic code) determines your phenotype (the things you see). The genotype is like the instructions, and the phenotype is the outcome.

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Neural Tube

A fluid-filled tube that forms during early prenatal development, giving rise to the central nervous system.

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Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells within the neural tube that can develop into neurons and glial cells.

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Hindbrain

One of the three bulges formed at the top of the neural tube, responsible for basic life functions like breathing and heart rate.

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Midbrain

The middle bulge of the neural tube, responsible for motor control, sensory processing, and alertness.

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Forebrain

The top bulge of the neural tube, responsible for higher cognitive functions like planning, decision-making, and language.

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Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit electrical signals in the brain, responsible for communication and processing information.

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Glial Cells

Support cells in the brain that provide nourishment, insulation, and protection to neurons.

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Reflex

An automatic, involuntary response to a specific stimulus.

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Palmar Grasp Reflex

An infant reflex where they grasp an object placed in their hand.

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Rooting Reflex

An infant reflex where they turn their head towards a touch on their cheek, seeking food.

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Piaget's theory

A theory that describes how children's thinking changes in stages, with each stage representing a qualitatively different way of understanding the world.

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Assimilation

The process where a child takes in new information and experiences and fits them into their existing understanding of the world.

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Accommodation

The process where a child changes their way of thinking to accommodate new knowledge that doesn't fit their existing understanding.

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Moro Reflex

A newborn reflex where the baby extends arms and legs, then brings them back in, as if startled.

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Vision Development (1 Month)

Infants can follow a moving object with their eyes at one month old.

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Vision Development (2 Months)

Infants develop basic color vision at two months old.

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Vision Development (6 Months)

Infants develop depth perception at six months old.

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Rolling Over Milestone

The baby can turn from their back to stomach or vice versa.

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Grasping Rattle Milestone

The baby can hold a small rattle.

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Sitting Without Support Milestone

The baby can sit upright without holding on to anything.

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Study Notes

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

  • Piaget's theory focuses on how people change and understand the world throughout their lifespan.
  • Key areas of interest to developmental psychologists include physical, cognitive, and social changes.
  • Stages of development: developmental psychologists conceptualize the lifespan in stages, some of which are abrupt transitions, while others are gradual transitions.
  • Critical Periods: a time during development where a child is most sensitive to environmental influences. This highlights the strong influence of both heredity and environment - 'nature versus nurture'.

Stages of Development

  • Prenatal: Conception to birth
  • Infancy and toddlerhood: Birth to 2 years
  • Early childhood: 2 to 6 years
  • Middle childhood: 6 to 12 years
  • Adolescence: 12 to 18 years
  • Emerging adulthood: 18 to 25 years
  • Young adulthood: 25 to 40 years
  • Middle adulthood: 40 to 65 years

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Description

Test your understanding of the stages and concepts within developmental psychology. This quiz covers various developmental stages from prenatal to middle adulthood, as well as cognitive development theories by Piaget. Assess your knowledge on critical periods and specific characteristics of different developmental stages.

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