Developmental Psychology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic strength developed during the stage of Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust?

Hope (correct)

Purpose

Care

Will

Which stage involves the conflict of Industry vs Inferiority?

School Age (correct)

Infancy

Early Adulthood

Adolescence

At what age range does the stage of Intimacy vs Isolation occur?

19-30 years old (correct)

0-1 years old

2-3 years old

31-60 years old

What is the primary conflict faced during Adolescence?

Identity vs Role Confusion Signup and view all the answers

Which basic strength is associated with the stage of Generativity vs Stagnation?

Care Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?

Examining human behavior changes from birth to death Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of cephalocaudal direction refer to?

Development occurring first in the head followed by the trunk and legs Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the influence of inherited traits on an individual's development?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does organogenesis occur during prenatal development?

During the embryonic period Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the process where a sperm fertilizes an egg?

Conception Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a postnatal factor affecting development?

Nutrition received after birth Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'proximodistal direction' mean in the context of human development?

Development from the trunk outward to limbs Signup and view all the answers

How long does the germinal period last after conception?

2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ectoderm in the embryonic period?

It develops into the nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the embryo is responsible for developing the kidneys?

Mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

During what period does the fetus gain weight and develop recognizable features?

Fetal Period Signup and view all the answers

What does Erikson's epigenetic principle suggest?

Each stage builds upon the outcomes of previous stages. Signup and view all the answers

What is a syntonic element in Erikson's stages of development?

A positive aspect that facilitates growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of psychosocial development?

Emotional and social growth throughout life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of Erikson's theory?

Eight stages from infancy to adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the placenta?

To attach to the fetus via the umbilical cord and provide nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Developmental Psychology Overview

Developmental psychology examines human behavior changes from birth to death, emphasizing the gradual nature of human development.
Key processes include physical maturation and the influence of genetic and environmental factors on growth.

Growth and Development Patterns

Cephalocaudal Direction: Development progresses from the head down to the legs; improvement occurs first in head structures.
Proximodistal Direction: Development moves from the center of the body outward toward the extremities.

Influences on Development

Genetic Factors: Genetic and inherited traits significantly shape individual development, health, and behavior.
Prenatal Factors: Conditions affecting a developing fetus, such as maternal health and nutrition, which impact growth before birth.
Postnatal Factors: Influences after birth, including childhood environment and social interactions, contribute to overall well-being.

Prenatal Development Stages

Germinal Period: Occurs in the first two weeks post-conception, involving rapid cell division and blastocyst formation.
Embryonic Period: Lasting from weeks two to eight, involves organ formation and differentiation, known as organogenesis.
- Ectoderm: Develops skin and nervous system.
- Mesoderm: Forms muscles, bones, and organs.
- Endoderm: Creates the linings of digestive and respiratory systems.
Fetal Period: From two to seven months after conception, includes significant growth and maturation of organs and recognizable features.

Notable Figures

Helen Keller: An author and advocate for individuals with disabilities who overcame her limitations through education.
Erik Erikson: Psychoanalyst who developed the theory of psychosocial development consisting of eight stages.

Psychosocial Development

A process involving emotional and social growth through various life stages with key conflicts shaping development.
Epigenetic Principle: Development results from the interplay of genetic factors and environmental influences, with each stage building on the previous one.

Stages of Psychosocial Development

Each stage is associated with a basic strength and a critical conflict:
- Infancy (0-1 years): Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust → Hope
- Early Childhood (2-3 years): Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt → Will
- Preschool Age (3-6 years): Initiative vs. Guilt → Purpose
- School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority → Competence
- Adolescence (13-18 years): Identity vs. Role Confusion → Fidelity
- Early Adulthood (19-30 years): Intimacy vs. Isolation → Love
- Adulthood (31-60 years): Generativity vs. Stagnation → Care
- Old Age (61+ years): Integrity vs. Despair → Wisdom

Conflict Elements

Syntonic Element: Positive aspects aiding growth and conflict resolution.
Dystonic Element: Negative aspects that create challenges and hinder development.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in Developmental Psychology, focusing on the changes in human behavior from early life to death. It explores various aspects of human development, including physical growth and maturation processes. Test your knowledge on the gradual changes humans undergo throughout their lives.