COPY: Developmental Psychology: Conception to Lifespan

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What is the primary characteristic of Stage 3 of moral development?

Mutual interpersonal expectations and relationships (correct)

Adopting social contract or utility and individual rights

Adopting universal ethical principles

Judging right and wrong based on personal standards

According to the theory of moral development, what is the primary difference between conventional morality and postconventional morality?

Conventional morality is based on justice, while postconventional morality is based on laws

Conventional morality is based on social standards, while postconventional morality is based on personal standards (correct)

Conventional morality is based on personal standards, while postconventional morality is based on social standards

Conventional morality is based on laws, while postconventional morality is based on justice

What is the primary concern of Social Systems Morality?

Maintaining social order, law, and justice (correct)

Evaluating laws based on their utility

Understanding universal human rights

Adopting moral standards of parents

What is the term for the process by which people examine and evaluate their lives during late adulthood?

Life review Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of single-parent households on children?

Difficulty in establishing close relationships later in life Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the theory that suggests successful aging is characterized by maintaining the interests and activities of earlier stages of life?

Activity theory of aging Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the formal operational stage?

Abstract, idealistic, and logical thought Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept of Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?

Cognitive development occurs through social interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) in Vygotsky's theory?

The gap between what children can do alone and what they can do with guidance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of adolescent egocentrism?

The state of self-absorption in which a teenager views the world from their own point of view Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?

Fluid intelligence is based on information processing, while crystallized intelligence is based on experience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

The development of individual's interactions and understanding of themselves and others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept of attachment in social development?

A positive emotional bond between a child and a caregiver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept of imprinting in attachment theory?

A behavior that takes place during a critical period and involves attachment to the first moving object observed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Kohlberg's preconventional morality stage?

Judging right and wrong based on the probability of rewards and punishments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of securely attached children in the Ainsworth strange situation?

They show a strong attachment to their caregiver and are distressed when separated Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the pattern of change from conception to the end of life?

Developmental psychology Signup and view all the answers

What is the period called when the developing individual has a heart, a brain, and other organs?

Embryonic period Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely?

Age of viability Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

Reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period between childhood and adulthood?

Adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs?

Puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a child's understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience?

Cognitive development Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage from birth to 2 years, during which a child constructs their understanding of the world through coordinating sensory experiences and motor movements?

Sensorimotor stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even if they are out of sight?

Object permanence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage from 7 to 12 years of age that is characterized by concrete and logical thought?

Concrete operational stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency to like those who are similar to us?

Similarity Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of love that involves feelings of closeness and connectedness?

Intimacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for intentional injury of, or harm to, another person?

Aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members?

Stereotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of love that involves intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another?

Romantic love Signup and view all the answers

What influences children's feelings about members of various groups?

Observational learning and behavior of parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor that attracts people to each other based on their physical appearance?

Physical attractiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of love that involves strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved?

Companionate love Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that suggests people tend to be ethnocentric?

Social identity theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a measure of prejudice that permits a more accurate assessment of people's discrimination?

Implicit Association Test Signup and view all the answers

What is a way to reduce the consequences of prejudice and discrimination?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of having an implicit bias?

Unconscious prejudice Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between situational causes of behavior and dispositional causes of behavior?

Situational causes are external to a person, while dispositional causes are brought about by a person's traits or personality characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

The tendency to overattribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and minimize the importance of situational causes Signup and view all the answers

What is social influence?

The process by which an individual's behavior is influenced by social groups or individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is conformity?

A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people Signup and view all the answers

What is the halo effect?

The phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is self-serving bias?

The tendency to attribute success to personal factors and failure to factors outside oneself Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of discharging built-up aggressive energy according to Freudian theory?

Catharsis Signup and view all the answers

According to Daly and Watson (1988, 1996, 2005), who are less likely to abuse or murder their offspring?

Birth parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the researcher who found that castrated roosters without transplanted testicles displayed less aggression?

Berthold Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency for the presence of weapons to increase aggression?

Weapon's effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reaction to the blocking of goals, which can lead to aggression?

Frustration Signup and view all the answers

According to the evolutionary approach, who are more likely to harm children?

Stepparents or foster parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for helping behavior?

Prosocial behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where the presence of others inhibits helping behavior?

Bystander effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief that responsibility for intervening is shared among those present?

Diffusion of responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice?

Altruism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the erroneous inference that others accept a norm, causing the person to go along with it?

Pluralistic ignorance Signup and view all the answers

What approach suggests that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive?

Observational learning approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of social psychology?

The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which people form an overall impression of another person?

Impression formation Signup and view all the answers

What are sets of cognitions about people and social experiences that help organize information stored in memory?

Social schemas Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the major traits considered in forming impressions of others?

Central traits Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves?

Social cognition Signup and view all the answers

What do social schemas help predict based on relatively little information?

What others are like Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the kind of influence that affects behavior through social roles?

Conformity Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Philip Zimbardo and colleagues show about social roles?

Social roles can have a powerful effect on behavior Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Milgram's classic obedience study?

65% of participants eventually used the highest setting Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the kind of influence that is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others?

Obedience Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the 'learner' in Milgram's classic obedience study?

To receive electric shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the kind of influence that is a change in behavior in response to group pressure?

Conformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to like those who are near us?

Proximity Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of love that involves motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance?

Passion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for intentional injury of, or harm to, another person?

Aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to like those who like us?

Reciprocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of love that involves strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved?

Companionate love Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members?

Stereotype Signup and view all the answers

What influences children's feelings about members of various groups?

Observational learning approaches and the behavior of parents and peers Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to like those who are similar to us?

Similarity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group?

Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members?

Prejudice Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to reduce the consequences of prejudice and discrimination?

Increase contact between the target of stereotyping and the holder of the stereotype Signup and view all the answers

What is social identity theory suggesting about people?

People tend to be ethnocentric Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the catharsis approach?

To release built-up aggressive energy Signup and view all the answers

According to Daly and Watson, who are less likely to abuse or murder their offspring?

Biological parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency for the presence of weapons to increase aggression?

Weapon's effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary finding of Berthold's study on castrated roosters?

Castrated roosters without transplanted testicles displayed less aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the frustration-aggression approach?

It explains aggression in terms of reactions to frustration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the blocked goal that leads to aggression?

Frustration Signup and view all the answers

COPY: Developmental Psychology: Conception to Lifespan

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of Stage 3 of moral development?

According to the theory of moral development, what is the primary difference between conventional morality and postconventional morality?

What is the primary concern of Social Systems Morality?

What is the term for the process by which people examine and evaluate their lives during late adulthood?

What is the primary consequence of single-parent households on children?

What is the term for the theory that suggests successful aging is characterized by maintaining the interests and activities of earlier stages of life?

What is the primary characteristic of the formal operational stage?

What is the primary concept of Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?

What is the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) in Vygotsky's theory?

What is the primary characteristic of adolescent egocentrism?

What is the primary difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?

What is the primary concept of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

What is the primary concept of attachment in social development?

What is the primary concept of imprinting in attachment theory?

What is the primary characteristic of Kohlberg's preconventional morality stage?

What is the primary characteristic of securely attached children in the Ainsworth strange situation?

What is the term for the study of the pattern of change from conception to the end of life?

What is the period called when the developing individual has a heart, a brain, and other organs?

What is the term for the point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely?

What is the term for unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

What is the term for the period between childhood and adulthood?

What is the term for the period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs?

What is the term for the process by which a child's understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience?

What is the term for the stage from birth to 2 years, during which a child constructs their understanding of the world through coordinating sensory experiences and motor movements?

What is the term for the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even if they are out of sight?

What is the term for the stage from 7 to 12 years of age that is characterized by concrete and logical thought?

What is the tendency to like those who are similar to us?

What is the component of love that involves feelings of closeness and connectedness?

What is the term for intentional injury of, or harm to, another person?

What is the term for a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members?

What is the type of love that involves intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another?

What influences children's feelings about members of various groups?

What is the factor that attracts people to each other based on their physical appearance?

What is the type of love that involves strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved?

What is the theory that suggests people tend to be ethnocentric?

What is a measure of prejudice that permits a more accurate assessment of people's discrimination?

What is a way to reduce the consequences of prejudice and discrimination?

What is a result of having an implicit bias?

What is the main difference between situational causes of behavior and dispositional causes of behavior?

What is the fundamental attribution error?

What is social influence?

What is conformity?

What is the halo effect?

What is self-serving bias?

What is the process of discharging built-up aggressive energy according to Freudian theory?

According to Daly and Watson (1988, 1996, 2005), who are less likely to abuse or murder their offspring?

What is the name of the researcher who found that castrated roosters without transplanted testicles displayed less aggression?

What is the term for the tendency for the presence of weapons to increase aggression?

What is the term for the reaction to the blocking of goals, which can lead to aggression?

According to the evolutionary approach, who are more likely to harm children?

What is the term for helping behavior?

What is the phenomenon where the presence of others inhibits helping behavior?

What is the term for the belief that responsibility for intervening is shared among those present?

What is the term for helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice?

What is the term for the erroneous inference that others accept a norm, causing the person to go along with it?

What approach suggests that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive?

What is the primary focus of social psychology?

What is the process by which people form an overall impression of another person?

What are sets of cognitions about people and social experiences that help organize information stored in memory?

What is the term for the major traits considered in forming impressions of others?

What is the process by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves?

What do social schemas help predict based on relatively little information?

What is the term for the kind of influence that affects behavior through social roles?

What did the study by Philip Zimbardo and colleagues show about social roles?

What was the result of Milgram's classic obedience study?

What is the term for the kind of influence that is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others?

What was the role of the 'learner' in Milgram's classic obedience study?

What is the term for the kind of influence that is a change in behavior in response to group pressure?

What is the term for the tendency to like those who are near us?

What is the component of love that involves motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance?

What is the term for intentional injury of, or harm to, another person?

What is the term for the tendency to like those who like us?

What is the type of love that involves strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved?

What is the term for a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members?

What influences children's feelings about members of various groups?

What is the term for the tendency to like those who are similar to us?

What is the term for the behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group?