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Developmental Disorders: Intellectual and Adaptive Deficits
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Developmental Disorders: Intellectual and Adaptive Deficits

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Questions and Answers

What method is used to quantify adaptive functioning?

  • IQ scores only
  • Clinical evaluation only
  • Both clinical evaluation and individualized, culturally appropriate, psychometrically sound measures (correct)
  • Performance based assessments

    • Why has DSM-5 attempted to de-emphasize the importance of IQ scores?

  • To exclude certain populations from diagnosis
  • To focus on adaptive functioning (correct)
  • To make the diagnosis more complex
  • Because IQ scores are not reliable

    • What determines the levels of support needed for individuals with intellectual and adaptive deficits?

  • Intellectual capacity
  • Adaptive functioning (correct)
  • Cultural experience
  • Socialization alone

    • Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor affecting adaptive functioning?

    <p>IQ score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instruments are used for observer-completed assessments of adaptive functioning?

    <p>ILS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are performance-based assessments for adaptive functioning considered a new area with challenges?

    <p>They lack norms and standardization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of intellectual impairment is typically reflected in a person with an IQ score ranging from 50-55 to approximately 70?

    <p>Mild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of functioning deficits are observed in individuals with intellectual disability according to DSM-5?

    <p>Conceptual, social, and practical domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What IQ range is associated with severe intellectual impairment?

    <p>20-25 to 35-40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of deficits in adaptive functioning are required for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?

    <p>Deficits in meeting developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are adaptive deficits considered to limit functioning according to DSM-5?

    <p>Across multiple environments such as home, school, work, and community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used when a person's IQ is untestable by standard tests?

    <p>Severity Unspecified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding intellectual disabilities?

    <p>They are only diagnosed in adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a crucial part of the DSM-IV-TR criteria for intellectual disabilities?

    <p>Deficits in functional academic skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the term 'childhood disorder' considered a misnomer?

    <p>Because significant brain changes happen in the first few years after birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about sensitive periods in development?

    <p>Sensitive periods are crucial times for neural development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are name changes made to reduce stigma and inappropriate use in disorders?

    <p>To reduce societal bias and negative perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IQ of approximately 70 or below indicate according to DSM-IV-TR criteria?

    <p>Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe condition resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol and drugs?

    <p>Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of prenatal exposure to toxic substances during the first trimester?

    <p>Learning problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of individuals with severe intellectual disability?

    <p>Poor prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can contribute to intellectual disabilities in newborns?

    <p>Maternal stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark symptom of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

    <p>Hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from premature separation of the placenta or cord around the neck during birth?

    <p>Placenta previa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature among Intellectual Disability, Learning Disorders, and Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>They all involve significant brain changes in the first few years after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are name changes made to reduce stigma and inappropriate use in disorders like Intellectual Disability?

    <p>To improve public perception and reduce negative associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DSM-IV-TR Criteria A specify for diagnosing Intellectual Disability?

    <p>An IQ of approximately 70 or below on an individually administered IQ test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of patterns during crucial developmental times according to the text?

    <p>Disruption of early patterns can interfere with later development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of disorders like Intellectual Disability, Learning Disorders, and Autism Spectrum Disorder over time?

    <p>Manifestations change and persist over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of impairment is necessary for a diagnosis of Intellectual Disability according to DSM-IV-TR Criteria B?

    <p>Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning in at least two specific areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals with intellectual disability (ID) who are formerly 'trainable' typically fare in terms of academic skills?

    <p>Achieve second-grade level in academic subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals with ID may be dependent on others for decisions and primarily require ongoing supervision and support in work and recreation skills?

    <p>Those with an identified neurological condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social skill is particularly challenging for individuals with ID?

    <p>Perceiving social cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals with ID may have maladaptive behaviors like self-injury?

    <p>'Non-communicative' individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skills may individuals with ID who are formerly 'educable' have difficulty with in adulthood?

    <p>Performing simple tasks in supervised settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals with ID may benefit from vocational training and perform unskilled or semiskilled work under supervision?

    <p>'Educable' individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of communication skills, what distinguishes individuals who are formerly 'educable' from those who acquire little or no communicative speech?

    <p>'Educable' individuals can acquire functional communication skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals with ID may achieve motor development and self-care skills improvement through appropriate training?

    <p>'Neurological condition' individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic among individuals with ID who are most dependent on others for decisions?

    <p>'Neurological condition' dependence on others for decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What academic level may 'non-communicative' individuals reach according to the text?

    <p>First-grade level in academic subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the male to female ratio in the general population for individuals with intellectual and adaptive deficits?

    <p>1.5:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has DSM-5 de-emphasized the importance of IQ scores in diagnosing intellectual and adaptive deficits?

    <p>Adaptive functioning better reflects the support needed by individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is adaptive functioning typically quantified in diagnosing intellectual and adaptive deficits?

    <p>Through clinical evaluation and standardized measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that may contribute to intellectual and adaptive deficits according to DSM-5 criteria?

    <p>Intellectual capacity and vocational opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instruments are commonly used for observer-completed assessments of adaptive functioning?

    <p>ABAS-II and Vineland-II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of individuals determines the levels of support required for those with intellectual and adaptive deficits?

    <p>Adaptive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant changes occur in the manifestation of disorders over time according to the text?

    <p>Disorders change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the term 'childhood disorder'?

    <p>It is considered a misnomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key criterion for diagnosing Intellectual Disability based on DSM-IV-TR Criteria A?

    <p>Low IQ score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area must show deficits or impairments for a diagnosis of Intellectual Disability as per DSM-IV-TR Criteria B?

    <p>Adaptive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the crucial components for diagnosing Intellectual Disability?

    <p>Low IQ score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the name changes made to disorders according to the text?

    <p>To reduce stigma and inappropriate use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with Intellectual Disability are typically able to acquire academic skills up to approximately sixth grade?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals with Intellectual Disability typically have peer relationship difficulties during adolescence?

    <p>Formerly 'educable' 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with Intellectual Disability who primarily require constant aid and supervision and acquire no academic skills fall under which category?

    <p>3-4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is more likely to contribute to intellectual disabilities in newborns according to the provided text?

    <p>Pregnancy and Perinatal Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of intellectual impairment is reflected in a person whose IQ ranges from 50-55 to approximately 70?

    <p><strong>Mild</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic among individuals with Intellectual Disability who may have maladaptive behaviors such as self-injury?

    <p><strong>3-4%</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Intellectual Disability, what does the term 'educable' refer to?

    <p><strong>Acquiring communicative speech</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals with Intellectual Disability may achieve motor development and self-care skills improvement through appropriate training?

    <p><strong>1-2%</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Formerly 'trainable' 10%' individuals with Intellectual Disability may achieve which level in academic subjects?

    <p><strong>Second-grade level</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    '30-40%' of individuals with Intellectual Disability have no clear etiology, but when specific, what factor is more likely to contribute?

    <p>Environmental Influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

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