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Questions and Answers
What is the total length of the sperm of Achatina fulica?
What is the total length of the sperm of Achatina fulica?
The ovum of Achatina fulica is large and opaque.
The ovum of Achatina fulica is large and opaque.
False
What is the primary color of the albumen gland in Achatina fulica before egg laying?
What is the primary color of the albumen gland in Achatina fulica before egg laying?
lemon yellow
The staining procedure involves using _____ stains to observe sperm and eggs.
The staining procedure involves using _____ stains to observe sperm and eggs.
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What stage follows the larval stage in the life cycle of Drosophila?
What stage follows the larval stage in the life cycle of Drosophila?
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What is the characteristic structure of the sperm head in Achatina fulica?
What is the characteristic structure of the sperm head in Achatina fulica?
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Drosophila development processes are not related to human development processes.
Drosophila development processes are not related to human development processes.
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Match the following features with the corresponding organism:
Match the following features with the corresponding organism:
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What are the localized pre-adult tissues in the pupal stage called?
What are the localized pre-adult tissues in the pupal stage called?
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Caenorhabditis elegans contains exactly 1000 somatic cells.
Caenorhabditis elegans contains exactly 1000 somatic cells.
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Beetle life cycles include four stages: egg, larva, _____, and adult.
Beetle life cycles include four stages: egg, larva, _____, and adult.
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What is the role of Caenorhabditis elegans in scientific research?
What is the role of Caenorhabditis elegans in scientific research?
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Which of the following features is used to identify different phenotypes of flies?
Which of the following features is used to identify different phenotypes of flies?
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How does the pupa serve in insect development?
How does the pupa serve in insect development?
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Match the species of Tribolium with their size:
Match the species of Tribolium with their size:
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In some species, such as T.brevicornis, males are larger than females.
In some species, such as T.brevicornis, males are larger than females.
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What is the typical duration of embryogenesis for T.castaneum and T.confusum in ideal laboratory conditions?
What is the typical duration of embryogenesis for T.castaneum and T.confusum in ideal laboratory conditions?
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The larvae of T.castaneum and T.confusum are typically red in color.
The larvae of T.castaneum and T.confusum are typically red in color.
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What unique structure do pupae of T.castaneum and T.confusum possess on their abdominal segments?
What unique structure do pupae of T.castaneum and T.confusum possess on their abdominal segments?
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The typical life span of virgin adults in laboratory conditions for T.castaneum and T.confusum is ____ months.
The typical life span of virgin adults in laboratory conditions for T.castaneum and T.confusum is ____ months.
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Match the following stages of the T.castaneum and T.confusum life cycle with their typical durations:
Match the following stages of the T.castaneum and T.confusum life cycle with their typical durations:
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Which environmental factors influence the rate of development in flour beetles?
Which environmental factors influence the rate of development in flour beetles?
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Gemmules are produced by sponges to help them survive harsh environmental conditions.
Gemmules are produced by sponges to help them survive harsh environmental conditions.
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What happens to the fecundity of T.castaneum females after 3-4 months?
What happens to the fecundity of T.castaneum females after 3-4 months?
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What is the case called in which a pupa develops?
What is the case called in which a pupa develops?
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The pupa of butterflies is referred to as a cocoon.
The pupa of butterflies is referred to as a cocoon.
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What do caterpillars primarily feed on after they hatch from their eggs?
What do caterpillars primarily feed on after they hatch from their eggs?
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The caterpillar sheds its skin about _____ times as it grows.
The caterpillar sheds its skin about _____ times as it grows.
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Match the following stages of butterfly development with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of butterfly development with their descriptions:
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What is the primary function of the amphiblostula larva?
What is the primary function of the amphiblostula larva?
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The planula larva has a mouth and can feed immediately after its formation.
The planula larva has a mouth and can feed immediately after its formation.
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What type of larva is produced by the redia larva?
What type of larva is produced by the redia larva?
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The _____ larva is characterized by a flattened, ciliated body and is commonly found in cnidarians.
The _____ larva is characterized by a flattened, ciliated body and is commonly found in cnidarians.
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Which of the following describes the body composition of the amphiblostula larva?
Which of the following describes the body composition of the amphiblostula larva?
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The cercaria larva is a free-living stage that follows the redia larva.
The cercaria larva is a free-living stage that follows the redia larva.
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How does the amphiblostula larva develop?
How does the amphiblostula larva develop?
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Match each larva type with its characteristic feature:
Match each larva type with its characteristic feature:
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Which larval stage has a broad and crab-like unsegmented cephalothorax?
Which larval stage has a broad and crab-like unsegmented cephalothorax?
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The alima larva of Squilla hatches directly from the egg.
The alima larva of Squilla hatches directly from the egg.
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What is the significance of the nauplius larva in crustacean development?
What is the significance of the nauplius larva in crustacean development?
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All thoracic appendages in true crabs are _____ formed.
All thoracic appendages in true crabs are _____ formed.
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Match the larval forms with their descriptions:
Match the larval forms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the alima larva?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the alima larva?
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According to the biogenetic law proposed by Haeckel, ontogeny recapitulates morphology.
According to the biogenetic law proposed by Haeckel, ontogeny recapitulates morphology.
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Identify the larval stage in crabs that is characterized by large, stalked eyes.
Identify the larval stage in crabs that is characterized by large, stalked eyes.
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Study Notes
Developmental Biology - I
- PSMAZOP102 is the course code.
Experiments
- Experiment 1 (1-4): Observe sperm and ova in ovotestes of Achatina fulica (garden snail) using suitable staining techniques.
- Experiment 2 (5-6): Observe the development of Caenorhabditis elegans.
- Experiment 3 (7-11): Culture Drosophila to study its life cycle.
- Experiment 4 (12): Observe stages of Tribolium or Sitophilus to understand indirect development in animals.
- Experiment 5 (13): Study Gemmule in Sponge.
- Experiment 6 (14-25): Study larvae of non-chordates including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, and Echinodermata & Hemichordata.
- Experiment 7 (26-30): Temporary mounting of crustacean life forms (Nauplius, Zoea, Mysis, Megalopa, and Alima).
- Experiment 8 (31-33): Study the life cycle of insects (Lepisma, Cockroach, Butterfly/Moth).
Achatina fulica (Garden Snail)
- The snails used for the study originated from natural and breeding environments.
- Achatina fulica is a protandrous hermaphrodite, facilitating early detection of male gametes.
- Environmental factors (humidity, temperature, photoperiod) and food quality influence snail breeding.
- Low humidity causes estivation & growth disorders.
- High temperature negatively impacts growth and reproduction.
Genital System of Achatina fulica
- Ovotestis is a true multilobate structure, divisible into apical portion, ovisperm vesicle, and basal portion ending in the carrefour.
- Spermatozoa are stored in the ovisperm vesicle year-round.
- The spermoviduct is long and has a narrow sulcus, incompletely separated from the broader uterus.
- The vas deferens connects to the penis and the uterus continues as the oviduct, opening into the vagina.
- The penis & the vagina open into the genital atrium.
Stages of Gametogenesis (Achatina)
- Four stages of gametogenesis in the male and female, based on length classes and the original environment.
Stage 1 of Maturation
- Phase of sexual rest with reduced gonads (acini).
Stage 2 of Maturation
- Gonia multiply by mitosis.
- Poor development of the gonadal volume in the connective tissue.
Stage 3 of Maturation
- The gonadal cells increase in size through vitellogenesis.
- Connective tissue starts to disappear around the gonadal cells.
Stage 4 of Maturity
- Acini are fully filled with mature oocytes.
- Nucleolus and a distinct nucleus are visible in the oocytes.
- Sperms are abundant in the follicles.
Caenorhabditis elegans
- A small, unsegmented, vermiform, free-living nematode.
- Simple and precisely structured.
- A crucial model organism in developmental biology.
- Genetic lineage tracing in a transparent cuticle
- Entire genome is sequenced.
- 1 mm long - a model organism
Drosophila melanogaster
- Fruit flies, thrive on fruits, especially ripe bananas.
- Sexually dimorphism is observed (male smaller than female, different shapes & colours in the abdomen).
- Use jars with cotton wool and fruit for culturing.
- Various stages of Drosophila (egg, larva, pupa, adult).
Tribolium/Sitophilus
- Beetles, with distinct life cycles (egg, larva, pupa, adult).
- Adults are sexually dimorphic.
- Differences in shape and size are observed.
- Certain species show differing size ratios between males and females.
Gemmule (Sponge)
- Gemmules are hardened masses of cells functioning as dormant buds in sponges.
Larvae of Non-Chordates
- Study of various larval forms of marine invertebrates: Amphiblastula, Planula, Redia, Cercaria, Trochophore, Glochidium, Veliger, Auricularia, Echinopluteus, Ophiopluteus, Tornaria.
- Different larval forms characterized by morphological features like symmetry, appendage arrangements, feeding mechanisms, and presence of cilia or other movement capabilities.
Temporary Mounting of Crustacean Life Forms
- Techniques for fixing and preserving crustacean life forms.
- Methods involve staining with alcohol-based eosin.
Life Cycle of Insects
- Classification of insect metamorphosis (No-metamorphosis, Gradual, Complete, Incomplete).
Methods, Preservation
- Fixing and preserving the plankton sample in formalin or alcohol for a few days.
Additional Notes
- Additional notes are detailed in the document for each of the listed topics, including detailed descriptions, examples, relevant diagrams, and specific steps or procedures involved with each topic.
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Description
This quiz covers various experiments in Developmental Biology - I, specifically focusing on the observation and study of sperm, ova, and the life cycles of different organisms such as Achatina fulica, C. elegans, and Drosophila. Students will explore indirect development and larvae of non-chordates, enhancing their understanding of developmental processes in different species.
