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Questions and Answers
Who is recognized as the father of the co-operative movement?
In what year was the first consumer co-operative store established in England?
Which pair of individuals is known for founding co-operative credit societies in Germany?
What was a primary goal of the consumer co-operative movement in England?
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What significant legal change occurred in Germany in 1879 regarding co-operative societies?
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Which movement began as a response to the problems of drought and poverty in Germany during the 19th century?
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What notable publication did Schulze release in 1856?
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What capital figure did the 28 weavers start with in the first consumer co-operative store in England?
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At what age did the individual in the content enter the military?
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Which of the following was established first in the development of co-operative banking in Germany?
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What percentage of Denmark's exports comes from agricultural products?
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What is a key requirement for members of a dairy co-operative society in Denmark?
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Which country’s co-operative movement primarily focuses on dairy production due to competition from the United States?
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What type of societies do milk producers establish at the local level in Denmark?
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What was the economic condition of farmers in Denmark that led to the development of cooperatives?
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How are profits distributed among members of a dairy co-operative in Denmark?
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What is a defining characteristic of co-operative farming in Israel?
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Which of the following statements about Kibbutzim is true?
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How are Moshavim different from Kibbutzim?
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What is the primary function of regional organizations in Israel?
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Which of the following best describes a Communal Moshav?
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What was the first moshav established in Palestine?
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What is a feature of the annual income distribution in agricultural co-operatives in Israel?
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Which organization established in 1926 operates as a manufacturing marketing society?
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Study Notes
Development of World Co-operative Movement
- The co-operative movement originated in England with Robert Owen being recognized as the "Father of the Co-operative movement".
- The first consumer co-operative store in England was established in 1844 by 28 weavers with a starting capital of 28 pounds.
- The consumer co-operative movement in England included efforts to provide alternatives to capitalism, with Rochdale stores being a primary example.
- Schulze and Raiffeisen established credit co-operative societies in Germany in the 19th century to assist farmers struggling with poverty and drought caused by moneylenders.
- Schulze, a German politician and economist, founded the world’s first credit union in Germany.
- Raiffeisen, a German mayor and co-operative pioneer, founded the first co-operative lending bank in Germany.
- The dairy co-operative movement in Denmark was encouraged by the country's agricultural focus and need to compete with American agricultural products.
- Danish dairy co-operatives established primary milk producers' societies at a local level, which collected and processed milk, while encouraging education and training for members.
- The agricultural co-operative movement in Israel developed after the country's independence in 1948.
- Israeli farmers were encouraged to pursue co-operative farming due to the government’s ownership of land and limited resources.
- Three primary types of agricultural co-operatives emerged in Israel:
- Kibbutzim: Villages with a population of 200 to 2000 members, who work together on co-operative farming and share resources.
- Moshavim: Communal villages where individuals farm privately, but market and buy products collectively.
- Communal Moshav: Societies that offer both agricultural and non-agricultural employment opportunities.
Consumer Co-operative Movement in England
- The Rochdale Principles provided a framework for consumer co-operatives, including open membership, democratic control, and the distribution of profits to members.
- Co-operative Wholesale Societies (CWS) were formed to provide wholesale services to retail co-operatives, increasing their bargaining power.
- Agricultural co-operation also emerged in England as farmers formed societies to collectively purchase supplies, market their products, and improve productivity.
Credit Co-operative Movement in Germany
- The credit co-operative movement in Germany addressed the need for affordable credit for farmers and other rural communities.
- Schulze-Delitzsch banks were founded to provide loans and financial services to members, while Raiffeisen societies emphasized serving primarily rural communities.
- Germany’s credit co-operative movement faced challenges during World War I, but continued to develop and expand after the war.
Dairy Co-operative Movement in Denmark
- Dairy co-operatives in Denmark provided economic security for farmers by improving milk production and marketing, helping to establish a strong dairy industry.
- Members of Danish dairy co-operatives were required to enter into contracts with the societies for a period of 15 to 20 years and sell milk solely to the co-operative.
Agricultural Co-operative Movement in Israel
- The Kibbutzim focused on communal living and equal distribution of resources, while Moshavim allowed for more individual farming practices.
- Israeli agricultural co-operatives were successful in adopting new technologies and promoting agricultural innovation.
- Regional organizations emerged to provide services for agricultural co-operatives, including procurement, processing, and marketing.
- "Tunwa", formed in 1926, is a prominent example of a regional organization supporting agricultural co-operatives in Israel.
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Description
Explore the origins and evolution of the co-operative movement, starting with Robert Owen in England. Learn how consumers and farmers banded together to create co-operative societies in response to economic challenges in the 19th century. This quiz details the significance of early co-operatives in England, Germany, and Denmark.
