11 Questions
Induction is the ______________
cells
Neural crest cells are called also _____germ layer or ______ cells.
ectomesenchymal
If the neural crest cells fail to migrate , the ____________ occur .
tissue
During the ____ wiul, neural crest cells migrate from the overlying brain into the______ beneath the epithelium.
cells
The second, third and fourth branchial grooves become __________ to give _______
ectoderm
The neural plate then invaginates along central axis to form the neural ______.
groove
The second arch cartilage also named _____ , and gives : 1____ , 2____
fourth
The nerve supply of the fourth branchial is the _____
cells
Muscles of mastication is from ____ arch , and the muscles of facial expressions is from______ arch .
tissue
At the ___ wiul , the 2 nasal placodes formed which are thickening of the surface ____ , on the _________
third
At the end of _____ wiul , the mandibular proses gives rise to : 1_ , 2_ , 3_ .
ectomesenchymal
Study Notes
Development of the Early Face
- The face develops from 5 processes between the 5th to 8th week:
- Frontonasal process (prominence)
- Two maxillary processes (prominences)
- Two mandibular processes (prominences)
- The two medial nasal processes form:
- The center and tip of the nose (middle part of the nose)
- The inward growth gives the nasal septum
- The two lateral nasal processes form:
- The lateral sides of the nose
Pharyngeal Arches
- The 1st pharyngeal arch forms:
- Muscles of mastication
- Incus and malleus bone of the middle ear (through ossification of the dorsal end)
- The 2nd pharyngeal arch forms:
- Muscles of facial expression
Induction and Neural Crest Cells
- Induction is the organizing influence of cells or their products on adjacent cells or tissue
- Neural crest cells are also called the fourth germ layer or ectomesenchymal cells
Development of Endocrine Glands
- The 4th pharyngeal pouch forms:
- Ultimobranchial body and superior parathyroid
- The thymus gland:
- Is large at birth and contributes to the ultimobranchial body
- Fuses with the thyroid gland
- Produces T-lymphocytes and thymopoietin hormone
- Gradually atrophies and disappears later in life
- The parathyroid glands:
- Function and grow only until puberty
- Produce calcitonin hormone that regulates normal calcium levels in the body
General Embryology
- Development is the result of genetic plans programmed in chromosomes
- The neural plate is a thickening of ectoderm
- The neural plate invaginates along the central axis to form the neural groove
Test your knowledge on the embryonic development of the face, specifically focusing on the two maxillary processes and two mandibular processes.
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