Development of Face and Palate Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is formed by the merging of the medial nasal processes?

  • Philtrum of the lip (correct)
  • Upper jaw
  • Mandibular process
  • Bridge of the nose

Which process is responsible for forming the lower jaw?

  • Lateral nasal process
  • Mandibular process (correct)
  • Maxillary process
  • Frontonasal process

The maxillary processes contribute to the formation of which facial feature?

  • Philtrum
  • Cheeks (correct)
  • Bridge of nose
  • Forehead

What do the lateral nasal processes primarily develop into?

<p>Sides of the nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of the frontonasal process?

<p>Lower lip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fusion of which structures completes the formation of the upper lip?

<p>Maxillary processes and intermaxillary segment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary structure gives rise to the most significant features of the forehead and nose?

<p>Frontonasal process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components does NOT arise from the maxillary process?

<p>Philtrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is not derived from the first branchial arch?

<p>Stapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve associated with the third branchial arch?

<p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily formed from the fourth branchial arch?

<p>Thyroid cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cleft is associated with the formation of the cervical sinus?

<p>Second branchial arch cleft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures forms from branchial arches five and six?

<p>Inferior pharyngeal constrictors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks does the external human face develop?

<p>4th to 6th week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the myotome contribute to during embryonic development?

<p>Muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By which week is the palate fully developed, establishing a distinction between the nasal and oral cavities?

<p>12th week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a derivative of the ectoderm?

<p>Ovaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the paraxial mesoderm is responsible for bone and cartilage formation?

<p>Sclerotome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue does the lateral plate mesoderm primarily give rise to?

<p>Serous membranes and soft tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is formed from the intermediate mesoderm?

<p>Ovaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the ectoderm is the adrenal medulla derived from?

<p>Neural crest cell ectoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of which of the following organs originates from the lateral plate mesoderm?

<p>Heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contribution of the dermatome during development?

<p>Skin layer and dermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the endoderm develop into?

<p>Epithelial cell lining of the urinary tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which week does the foregut develop into structures including the trachea?

<p>Week 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of the endoderm?

<p>Skeletal muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the midgut to the yolk sac?

<p>Vitelline duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formation of which structure indicates the breakdown of the cloacal membrane?

<p>Hindgut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is included in the derivatives of the endoderm?

<p>Thyroid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract does not develop from the foregut?

<p>Large intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what developmental stage do the anal canal structures begin to form?

<p>Week 7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The epithelial lining of which organ is derived from the endoderm?

<p>Lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the foregut connect to after the breakdown of the oropharyngeal membrane?

<p>Stomodium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Frontonasal process

A structure that forms parts of the forehead, nose bridge, and nasal prominences during facial development.

Medial nasal process

Develops into the philtrum(central groove) of the upper lip and parts of the nose.

Lateral nasal process

Produces the side parts of the nose.

Maxillary process

Creates the upper jaw, parts of the upper lip & cheeks, and the secondary palate.

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Mandibular process

Forms the lower jawbone (mandible) and the lower lip.

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Intermaxillary Segment

Fusion area of the medial nasal processes, vital for shaping the philtrum & primary palate.

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Primary Palate

Structure formed by the Intermaxillary segment critical for the initial palate roof.

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Facial Development (Week 4)

The critical period in which facial structures develop from various processes (structures).

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Endoderm's role

Forms epithelial lining of the GI and respiratory tracts.

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Foregut origin

Develops into trachea, lungs and parts of the digestive system.

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Midgut connection

Still attached to the yolk sac via vitelline duct.

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Hindgut development

Forms part of the anal canal, urinary bladder and urethra, cloaca membrane breaks down

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Endoderm Derivatives

Structures formed by the endoderm: tonsils, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, liver(part), gallbladder, pancreas, anal canal, ear, urinary bladder, parts of urethra

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Embryo folding

Embryo folds in longitudinal and transverse planes during week 4.

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Oropharyngeal membrane

Breaks down, connecting the foregut to the mouth/throat region.

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Cloacal membrane

Breaks down during week 7 creating the anal canal.

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Pharyngeal clefts/pouches

Structures that influence head and neck development.

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Vitelline duct

Connects the midgut to the yolk sac.

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First Branchial Arch Components

The first branchial arch gives rise to the external auditory canal, mandible, incus, malleus, muscles of mastication, and parts of cranial nerves V2 and V3. It also forms the eustachian tube and mastoid air cells.

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Second Branchial Arch Structures

The second branchial arch develops into the stapes, hyoid bone, muscles of facial expression. It's associated with the facial nerve (CN VII) and is involved in palatine tonsil formation.

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Third Arch Components

The third branchial arch forms parts of the hyoid bone, superior constrictor muscles, and certain blood vessels (internal carotid arteries). It contributes to the development of the inferior parathyroid glands and related nerves.

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Fourth Branchial Arch Structures

The fourth branchial arch forms portions of the thyroid cartilage, laryngeal musculature, and is linked to the vagus nerve (CN X), aortic arch, and subclavian artery.

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Fifth & Sixth Arches Influence

The fifth and sixth branchial arches contribute to pharyngeal constrictors, laryngeal muscles, and aspects of cranial nerve XI along with the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves, thyroid structures and parathyroid glands.

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Embryonic Face Development

The human face develops between the 4th and 6th week of embryonic development, and is complete by week 6.

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Palate Development

The palate (roof of the mouth) develops between the 6th and 8th week of development, separating the nose and mouth.

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Skin Ectoderm Derivatives

Skin ectoderm gives rise to the epidermis, hair, glands (sweat, mammary), and nails.

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Neural Crest Derivatives

Neural crest cells form the adrenal medulla, autonomic ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia.

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Neural Ectoderm Derivatives

Neural ectoderm forms the central nervous system, neurons, and neuroglia.

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Somites

Paraxial mesoderm segments into paired blocks called somites, which further divide into sclerotome (bone, cartilage), myotome (muscle), and dermatome (skin).

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Intermediate Mesoderm

Develops into urogenital structures, such as the cortex, kidney, testes, and ovaries.

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Lateral Plate Mesoderm

This forms the serous membranes, limbs' soft tissues, smooth muscle of the gut, the heart, and the circulatory system.

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Sclerotome

The part of a somite that develops into bones and cartilage.

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Myotome

The part of a somite that develops into muscles.

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Study Notes

Development of the Face + Palate: Summary

  • Development of the face begins by week 4 of development from three main structures:
    • The frontonasal process
      • Gives rise to medial nasal processes and lateral nasal processes
      • The two medial nasal processes merge in the midline forming the intermaxillary segment, which gives rise to the philtrum of the lip
    • The maxillary process
      • The fusion of the maxillary processes with the intermaxillary segment completes the formation of the upper lip
    • The mandibular process
      • Gives rise to the lower jaw/mandible

Prominences & Derivatives

Prominence Derivatives
Frontonasal Forehead, bridge of nose, medial and lateral nasal prominences
Medial nasal Philtrum, primary palate, four upper incisors & associated jaw
Lateral nasal Sides of the nose
Maxillary (1st pharyngeal arch) Cheeks, lateral upper lip, secondary palate, lateral upper jaw
Mandibular (1st pharyngeal arch) Lower lip, mandible

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Description

This quiz covers the key stages in the development of the face and palate, starting from the fourth week of embryonic development. It details the roles of the frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular processes, including their contributions to facial structures. Test your understanding of the anatomical derivatives and their significance in facial formation.

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