Development of Dictatorship in Germany (1918-45) Quiz

Development of Dictatorship in Germany (1918-45)

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was established in 1919, following the end of World War I. It was a democratic government that replaced the monarchy under Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Weimar Republic was based on the Weimar Constitution, which was considered very fair but had some weaknesses. The republic was initially successful, and its first president was Friedrich Ebert, a Social Democrat. However, the Weimar Republic faced numerous challenges, including hyperinflation, economic instability, and political turmoil.

Hyperinflation

In the early 1920s, Germany experienced extreme hyperinflation, which drastically devalued the country's currency. This was due to the country's inability to pay its World War I reparations and the disastrous economic policies of the German government. The situation became so severe that everyday items, such as bread, could cost billions of marks.

Munich Putsch

In 1923, Adolf Hitler attempted a coup, known as the Munich Putsch, to seize power in Germany. Although the coup failed, it helped Hitler gain publicity and laid the foundation for his future political ambitions.

Rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany

Hitler's political career began with the founding of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) in 1920. Initially, the party did not gain significant support, but it began to grow in the 1920s as many Germans became disillusioned with the Weimar Republic.

Enabling Act

In 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany after a series of political maneuvers. He used the Enabling Act to gain almost unlimited power, allowing him to pass laws without the consent of the German parliament.

Third Reich Policies

The Nazi regime, also known as the Third Reich, was characterized by its authoritarian policies and the suppression of civil liberties. Hitler's regime was built on a foundation of extreme nationalism, racism, and militarism.

Propaganda and Censorship

The Nazis used propaganda and censorship to control public opinion and shape the beliefs of the German people. They established organizations like the Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment to promote their ideology.

Persecution of Minorities

The Nazi regime was notorious for its persecution of various minority groups, most notably Jews, who were subjected to the Holocaust. Other groups, such as homosexuals, disabled individuals, and political opponents, were also targeted for persecution.

Economic Policies

The Nazi regime implemented economic policies aimed at stimulating the economy and improving living standards. However, these policies often had negative consequences, such as exacerbating unemployment and creating a reliance on government control.

In conclusion, the development of dictatorship in Germany from 1918 to 1945 was marked by the establishment of the Weimar Republic, the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party, and the implementation of authoritarian policies under the Third Reich.