Questions and Answers
What does BMI stand for?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the human development report's criteria?
Which state is mentioned to have low infant mortality and high literacy rates?
What is measured using the formula $BMI = \frac{Weight \ in \ kg}{height \ in \ metres^2}$?
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What is the term for reducing the use of natural resources for the future?
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Which of the following resources is considered non-renewable?
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Which region in India is noted for overusing groundwater reserves?
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What is a characteristic of an undernourished person?
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Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?
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What is a consequence of rapid development mentioned in the content?
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Study Notes
Development
- Development refers to the all-round improvement of a country, including freedom, participative involvement, economic equality, security, and a good standard of living.
- It involves people generating ideas to achieve their goals and improve their current situation.
Different People and Different Goals
- People have different goals, which can sometimes lead to conflicting and contrasting views on development.
- For example, industrialists may want big dams for electricity, but local communities may want small check dams or tanks to avoid displacement and environmental destruction.
Income and Other Goals
- Income is considered a key component of development, as it can provide material goods and services.
- However, people also seek non-material goods like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect, which affect the quality of life.
- Material goods are items that can be purchased, sold, or traded.
National Development
- Individuals have different goals, and national development involves prioritizing goals that benefit a large number of people.
- Fair and just decision-making is required to choose goals that benefit the majority.
Comparison of Countries or States
- Countries are compared based on their national income, with higher-income countries considered more developed.
- However, this comparison is limited, as countries have different populations and per capita incomes.
Per Capita Income
- Per capita income (PCI) is a better measure of development, as it calculates the average income per person in a country.
- The World Bank classifies countries based on PCI, with high-income countries having a PCI of over $49,300 and low-income countries having a PCI of $2,500 or less.
Income and Other Criteria
- Development should be judged on multiple criteria, including income, infant mortality rate, literacy rate, and net attendance ratio.
- A comparison of Haryana, Kerala, and Bihar shows that high per capita income does not guarantee better healthcare or education facilities.
Public Facilities
- Public facilities, such as clean air, healthcare, and education, are essential for development.
- Governments provide these facilities for the collective benefit of the community.
- Kerala's good public facilities, such as healthcare and education, have led to its low infant mortality rate and high literacy rate.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
- BMI is an international standard to determine if an adult is undernourished or not.
- It is calculated by dividing weight in kg by height in meters squared.
- BMI is an important indicator of nutrition levels.
Human Development Report
- The Human Development Report, published by UNDP, measures development based on three criteria: living standard, health status, and educational levels.
Sustainability of Development
- Rapid development is depleting natural resources at an unsustainable rate, threatening future generations.
- Renewable resources, such as groundwater, are being overused, and non-renewable resources, such as crude oil, have a limited stock.
- Sustainable development aims to reduce the overuse of resources and promote environmental conservation.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of development, its meaning, and how it relates to personal and national goals, including freedom, economic equality, and security.
