Y1S2 003 III Biochem Determining Amino Acid Sequence in Proteins

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary limitation of using the Sanger Reagent method to determine the sequence of a polypeptide?

  • It destroys the rest of the polypeptide chain (correct)
  • It is unable to label the first amino acid
  • It requires a large amount of the polypeptide
  • It is only applicable to simple polypeptide chains

What is the purpose of using a basic condition in the Sanger Reagent method?

  • To facilitate the displacement of the F-(NO2)2Phenyl group (correct)
  • To enhance the extraction of the derivative
  • To denature the polypeptide chain
  • To break the bonds at specific points

What is the primary advantage of using the Edman Degradation method over the Sanger Reagent method?

  • It does not destroy the rest of the polypeptide chain (correct)
  • It allows for the determination of the entire sequence of the polypeptide
  • It is faster and more efficient
  • It is less expensive and requires less reagent

What is the role of the organic solvent in the Sanger Reagent method?

<p>To extract the derivative of the first amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of repeating the Edman Degradation reaction?

<p>To determine the sequence of the polypeptide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between the Sanger Reagent and the polypeptide under acid conditions?

<p>Phenyl-NH-Ala-COOH + NH3-Gly-COOH + NH-Phe-COOH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the induced-fit model of enzyme action over the lock-and-key model?

<p>It allows for a greater range of substrate specificity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the active site in the lock-and-key model of enzyme action?

<p>It has a rigid shape that only fits specific substrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that represents the overall reaction of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

<p>E + S → ES → E + P (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do enzymes increase reaction rates?

<p>They decrease the activation energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a substrate fits properly in an active site?

<p>An enzyme-substrate complex is formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the region on the enzyme molecule where the substrate binds?

<p>Active site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the enzyme-substrate complex formation in terms of catalysis?

<p>It improves the fit between the enzyme and substrate, increasing catalysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enzyme without its non-protein moiety?

<p>Apoenzyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of cofactor that is tightly bound to the apoenzyme by covalent bonds?

<p>Prosthetic group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex formed when a substrate binds to an enzyme?

<p>Enzyme-substrate complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the active enzyme with its non-protein component?

<p>Holoenzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of cofactor that is loosely bound to the apoenzyme by non-covalent bonds?

<p>Coenzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why extreme temperatures can be detrimental to enzymatic activity?

<p>They denature the enzyme, causing it to unfold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the temperature at which an enzymatic reaction occurs at its fastest rate?

<p>Optimum temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cofactors and coenzymes in enzymatic activity?

<p>They are inorganic substances and vitamins that facilitate enzymatic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of reaction when the substrate concentration increases, while the enzyme concentration remains constant?

<p>The rate of reaction increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the rate of an enzymatic reaction?

<p>It decreases the rate of reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pH at which most enzymes have their maximum activity?

<p>Neutral pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary biochemical activity of Ligases?

<p>Join two molecules with covalent bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzyme is Phenylalanine hydroxylase?

<p>Transferase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary biochemical activity of Isomerases?

<p>Catalyse isomerization changes within a single molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzyme is Fumarase?

<p>Lyase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary biochemical activity of Phosphatases?

<p>Catalyse the hydrolysis of various bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzyme is Glutamine synthetase?

<p>Ligase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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