Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of the investigative process?
What is the primary goal of the investigative process?
Which quality is NOT essential for effective detective work?
Which quality is NOT essential for effective detective work?
What does a preliminary investigation primarily involve?
What does a preliminary investigation primarily involve?
What does Closed by Arrest indicate?
What does Closed by Arrest indicate?
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Which of the following is a type of intelligence that focuses on long-term crime trends?
Which of the following is a type of intelligence that focuses on long-term crime trends?
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What is a major component of the follow-up process?
What is a major component of the follow-up process?
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Which type of intelligence provides immediate, actionable insights to address specific crimes?
Which type of intelligence provides immediate, actionable insights to address specific crimes?
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What does exceptionally cleared imply in case clearance types?
What does exceptionally cleared imply in case clearance types?
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What is the primary goal of physical surveillance?
What is the primary goal of physical surveillance?
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Which type of informant is typically an average citizen providing tips?
Which type of informant is typically an average citizen providing tips?
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What is the purpose of the cognitive interview technique's 'Reverse Order' component?
What is the purpose of the cognitive interview technique's 'Reverse Order' component?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the Miranda warning?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Miranda warning?
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What characteristic distinguishes a character witness?
What characteristic distinguishes a character witness?
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What is one objective of interrogation?
What is one objective of interrogation?
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Which type of surveillance involves the use of tools like cameras and GPS?
Which type of surveillance involves the use of tools like cameras and GPS?
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In which scenario does custodial interrogation take place?
In which scenario does custodial interrogation take place?
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What does the 'Blind Administration' method aim to prevent?
What does the 'Blind Administration' method aim to prevent?
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Which is a technique used specifically during interviews rather than interrogations?
Which is a technique used specifically during interviews rather than interrogations?
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Study Notes
Investigative Process
- A systematic process used by law enforcement to gather, analyze, and interpret evidence to identify suspects and solve crimes.
Qualities of a Detective
- Analytical thinking
- Attention to detail
- Strong observation skills
- Persistence
- Communication abilities
- Critical thinking
- Ethical conduct are crucial for effective detective work.
Preliminary Investigation
- The initial response to a reported crime.
- Involves securing the crime scene, documenting observations, collecting evidence, interviewing witnesses, and determining immediate follow-up needs.
Follow-Up Investigations
- A deeper investigation following the preliminary phase.
- Aims to identify suspects, gather more evidence, analyze reports, and prepare the case for court.
Case Clearance Types
- Closed by Arrest: Suspect is arrested, charged, and the case is resolved.
- Exceptionally Cleared: Case resolved without an arrest due to circumstances like death or inability to extradite the suspect.
Closed by Arrest
- Occurs when a suspect is identified, arrested, charged, and transferred to the court system.
Exceptionally Cleared
- Cases resolved without an arrest under specific circumstances, including the suspect's death or unavailability.
Solvability Factors
- Factors helping determine the likelihood of solving a case, including witnesses, physical evidence, suspect descriptions, and available resources.
Follow-Up Process
- Steps after the preliminary investigation: re-interviewing witnesses, analyzing evidence, pursuing leads, and preparing reports for court proceedings.
Intelligence Files - 4 Types
- Criminal Intelligence: Information on organized crime or ongoing criminal activities.
- Strategic Intelligence: Long-term crime trends and patterns.
- Tactical Intelligence: Immediate, actionable intelligence for specific crimes.
- Operational Intelligence: Information supporting specific investigations or operations.
Internal Resources
- Resources within a law enforcement agency: crime analysts, forensics units, databases, and specialized task forces.
External Resources
- Resources outside the agency: other law enforcement agencies, public records, informants, media, and community partnerships.
Surveillance
- Covert observation of individuals, locations, or activities to gather intelligence or evidence.
Surveillance Types
- Physical Surveillance: Direct visual observation.
- Technical Surveillance: Use of tools like cameras, GPS, or wiretaps.
- Electronic Surveillance: Monitoring communications like phone calls or emails.
Surveillance Objectives
- Aims to obtain evidence, locate suspects/witnesses, prevent crimes, and gather intelligence on criminal activities.
Informants
- Individuals providing confidential information on criminal activities to law enforcement.
Informant Types
- Citizen Informants: Everyday individuals providing tips.
- Criminal Informants: Individuals involved in crime who cooperate for incentives.
- Anonymous Informants: Unknown sources providing anonymous information.
Interviews
- Formal questioning of witnesses, victims, or suspects to gather information.
Interview Requirements - 3 Types
- Voluntary Statements: Information given willingly.
- Miranda-Compliant Statements: Statements given after rights are read.
- Documentation: Proper recording of interviews (transcripts, audio/video).
Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP)
- Psychological approach focusing on communication patterns, behavior, and language to gain information during interviews.
Kinesics
- Study of body language and nonverbal cues to assess truthfulness or deception.
Cognitive Interview Technique - 4 Parts
- Context Reinstatement: Witness mentally recreates the crime scene.
- Report Everything: Encourage witnesses to report all details.
- Change Perspective: Describe the event from a different viewpoint.
- Reverse Order: Recall events in reverse order to identify inconsistencies.
Witness Types - 3 Types
- Eyewitness: Person directly observing the crime.
- Expert Witness: Qualified professionals offering technical or scientific testimony.
- Character Witness: Person offering details about a suspect's character or behavior.
4 Objectives of Interrogation
- Obtain a confession.
- Discover facts and details of the crime.
- Determine the suspect’s involvement or alibi.
- Develop leads for further investigation.
Miranda v. Arizona
- Landmark Supreme Court case (1966) requiring law enforcement to read rights to suspects before custodial interrogations.
4 Parts of Miranda Warning
- Right to remain silent.
- Anything said can be used against them in court.
- Right to an attorney.
- If they cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided.
Custodial Interrogation
- Questioning after a person is taken into custody, requiring Miranda rights to be read.
In-Custody
- Formal detention or a feeling of not being free to leave.
Eyewitness Identification
- Process where a witness identifies a suspect, often through line-ups or photo arrays.
Photo Line-Up
- Procedure where a witness views photos of individuals, including the suspect, to make an identification.
Blind Administration
- Identification procedure where the officer doesn't know who the suspect is to prevent bias.
Show-Up
- One-on-one identification process where a witness sees a single suspect shortly after the crime.
Investigations
- Overall process of evidence collection, information analysis, and suspect identification to solve crimes.
Follow-Up Investigations
- Steps after initial investigations to deepen evidence collection, analyze findings, and prepare for prosecution.
Interview and Interrogation
- Interviews gather information from witnesses/victims.
- Interrogations question suspects to reveal involvement or guilt.
Eyewitness Identifications
- Procedures like line-ups, photo arrays, or show-ups to confirm or deny suspect involvement using witness recollection.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential qualities of a detective, the steps involved in preliminary and follow-up investigations, and the different case clearance types. This quiz covers crucial aspects that contribute to effective investigative work in law enforcement.
