Designing a Questionnaire
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Designing a Questionnaire

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of formulating hypotheses before creating a questionnaire?

  • To design the layout of the questionnaire.
  • To choose respondents for the survey.
  • To determine the information relationships that will be investigated. (correct)
  • To ensure all questions are simple and straightforward.

    • Which variable represents the outcomes that are influenced by the independent variable?

  • Mediating variable
  • Independent variable
  • Moderating variable
  • Dependent variable (correct)

    • What is one of the key considerations when selecting a method of administration for a survey?

  • The random distribution of questionnaires
  • The complexity of the variables being investigated
  • The aesthetic design of the questionnaire
  • The existing knowledge of the respondents (correct)

    • Why is it suggested to avoid writing your own complex questions in a questionnaire?

    <p>Existing scales may provide better reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves determining the necessity and sequence of questions in a questionnaire?

    <p>Step 3: Content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consideration is important to ensure respondents can provide accurate answers?

    <p>Whether respondents have the necessary information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do moderating variables in a research model typically affect?

    <p>The relationship between the independent and dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using well-established questions or scales from literature when designing a questionnaire?

    <p>It enhances the reliability and comparison of results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a convenience sample?

    <p>Choosing the most accessible population members for information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates selection bias?

    <p>Conducting research on music preferences among high school students using only band members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does non-response bias indicate?

    <p>Respondents have completely different characteristics than the general population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a quota sample, what is the primary method of selection?

    <p>Interviewing a specific number of individuals in each of several defined categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are data organized in a dataset when coded?

    <p>Rows represent observations while columns represent questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of between-subjects designs?

    <p>Each participant experiences only one condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'independent variable' refer to in an experimental design?

    <p>A variable that is manipulated to observe its effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the disadvantages of a within-subjects design?

    <p>Longer duration which may lead to fatigue effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can researchers assess whether the independent variable manipulation is effective?

    <p>Through significant differences in dependent variable measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential threat to internal validity in within-subjects designs?

    <p>Participant fatigue effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding control groups?

    <p>They receive no treatment or a placebo treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of using a between-subjects design?

    <p>It prevents potential fatigue effects associated with longer durations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common strategy to enhance internal validity in experimental designs?

    <p>Implementing a control group for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Likert question?

    <p>To specify a level of agreement to a statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice should be avoided to ensure effective question phrasing?

    <p>Using complex vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does measurement bias refer to?

    <p>Systematic differences between observed and actual values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of poorly phrased survey questions?

    <p>Respondents skipping questions or answering incorrectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a double-barreled question?

    <p>What is your level of satisfaction with this book and this magazine?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of response levels for Likert questions?

    <p>Five, seven, or nine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can implicit assumptions in survey questions lead to?

    <p>Confusion and misinterpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social desirability bias?

    <p>The inclination of respondents to answer in a way that aligns with their social expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should specific questions typically be placed in a survey sequence?

    <p>In the middle of the survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of question allows respondents to answer in their own words?

    <p>Open-ended question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a multichotomous question differ from a dichotomous question?

    <p>A multichotomous question has more than two options, whereas a dichotomous question has only two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question is useful for regression analysis due to its binary nature?

    <p>Dichotomous question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about scales?

    <p>Scales may include Likert-type and Osgood-type scales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options represents a fixed-alternative question with only two response options?

    <p>Do you own a smartphone?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an open-ended question?

    <p>It encourages detailed responses in the respondent's own wording.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a multichotomous question, which example is more representative?

    <p>What is your age group?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Designing a Questionnaire

    • The process of designing a questionnaire is often more intricate than initially perceived.

    Steps for a Questionnaire

    • The first step is defining the desired information to be gathered.
    • The second step involves deciding on the method of administration.
    • The third step focuses on the content of the questionnaire, considering the form, wording, and sequence of questions.

    Modelling Questions

    • Independent variables (X) influence dependent variables (Y).
    • Moderating variables (Z) affect the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
    • Mediating variables (M) explain the mechanism by which independent variables influence dependent variables..

    Methods of Administration

    • Determining how to collect data is crucial after defining what information is needed.

    Asking Questions Properly

    • Is the question necessary?
      • Validate the question's relevance by reviewing the established model.
    • Are several questions needed instead of one?
      • For complex variables, consider utilizing existing questions or scales found in literature.
    • Do respondents have the necessary information?
      • Ensure that participants possess the knowledge to answer a question accurately.
    • Will respondents give the information?
      • Address potential social desirability bias, which occurs when respondents answer questions in a manner perceived favorably by others.

    What Content?

    • Evaluate the necessity of each question.
    • Determine if multiple questions are needed for complex variables.
    • Leverage existing questions or scales from research literature.
    • Utilize resources such as “Handbook of Marketing Scales” (Bearden et al., 2012).

    Different Question Forms:

    • Open-Ended Questions
      • Allow respondents to provide their own answers without pre-defined options.
      • Examples: "How old are you?", "What commercials did you see last night?", "Why did you choose a Sony plasma TV?".
    • Multichotomous Questions
      • Provide a fixed set of alternatives for respondents to choose from.
      • Examples: "How old are you?", "How many long-distance calls do you make weekly?"
    • Dichotomous Questions
      • Offer only two alternative responses.
      • Example: "Do you intend to purchase a car this year?".
    • Scales
      • Present a series of fixed alternatives, allowing respondents to rate their agreement or opinion.
      • Common types include Likert-type and Osgood-type scales.

    Phrasing Questions Effectively

    • Use simple language.
    • Avoid ambiguity or imprecise wording.
    • Minimize implicit assumptions.
    • Avoid generalizations and estimates.
    • Refrain from double-barreled questions (asking two questions at once).

    Measurement Bias

    • Involves systematic differences between observed values and actual values.
    • Can occur due to improperly calibrated scales or poorly worded questions.

    Sequencing Questions

    • Organize questions logically, including:
      • Introduction to the study.
      • Introductory or opening questions.
      • Specific questions relevant to the research model.

    Sampling Bias

    • Selection Bias: Occurs when the sampling method excludes a portion of the target population.
    • Non-Response Bias: Arises when respondents who choose not to participate differ significantly from the overall population.

    Coding Data

    • Raw data represents observations.
    • Columns represent questions in a dataset..

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    Related Documents

    Questionnaire Design PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate process of designing a questionnaire, from defining the information needed to determining the best methods for administration. Learn about the importance of independent, dependent, moderating, and mediating variables in crafting effective questions. This quiz will guide you through the key steps in question formulation.

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