Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of formulating hypotheses before creating a questionnaire?
What is the primary purpose of formulating hypotheses before creating a questionnaire?
- To design the layout of the questionnaire.
- To choose respondents for the survey.
- To determine the information relationships that will be investigated. (correct)
- To ensure all questions are simple and straightforward.
Which variable represents the outcomes that are influenced by the independent variable?
Which variable represents the outcomes that are influenced by the independent variable?
- Mediating variable
- Independent variable
- Moderating variable
- Dependent variable (correct)
What is one of the key considerations when selecting a method of administration for a survey?
What is one of the key considerations when selecting a method of administration for a survey?
- The random distribution of questionnaires
- The complexity of the variables being investigated
- The aesthetic design of the questionnaire
- The existing knowledge of the respondents (correct)
Why is it suggested to avoid writing your own complex questions in a questionnaire?
Why is it suggested to avoid writing your own complex questions in a questionnaire?
Which step involves determining the necessity and sequence of questions in a questionnaire?
Which step involves determining the necessity and sequence of questions in a questionnaire?
Which consideration is important to ensure respondents can provide accurate answers?
Which consideration is important to ensure respondents can provide accurate answers?
What do moderating variables in a research model typically affect?
What do moderating variables in a research model typically affect?
What is the benefit of using well-established questions or scales from literature when designing a questionnaire?
What is the benefit of using well-established questions or scales from literature when designing a questionnaire?
What is a convenience sample?
What is a convenience sample?
Which scenario best illustrates selection bias?
Which scenario best illustrates selection bias?
What does non-response bias indicate?
What does non-response bias indicate?
In a quota sample, what is the primary method of selection?
In a quota sample, what is the primary method of selection?
How are data organized in a dataset when coded?
How are data organized in a dataset when coded?
What is a primary characteristic of between-subjects designs?
What is a primary characteristic of between-subjects designs?
What does the term 'independent variable' refer to in an experimental design?
What does the term 'independent variable' refer to in an experimental design?
What is one of the disadvantages of a within-subjects design?
What is one of the disadvantages of a within-subjects design?
How can researchers assess whether the independent variable manipulation is effective?
How can researchers assess whether the independent variable manipulation is effective?
What is a potential threat to internal validity in within-subjects designs?
What is a potential threat to internal validity in within-subjects designs?
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding control groups?
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding control groups?
What is a major advantage of using a between-subjects design?
What is a major advantage of using a between-subjects design?
What is a common strategy to enhance internal validity in experimental designs?
What is a common strategy to enhance internal validity in experimental designs?
What is the primary purpose of a Likert question?
What is the primary purpose of a Likert question?
Which practice should be avoided to ensure effective question phrasing?
Which practice should be avoided to ensure effective question phrasing?
What does measurement bias refer to?
What does measurement bias refer to?
What is a potential impact of poorly phrased survey questions?
What is a potential impact of poorly phrased survey questions?
What is an example of a double-barreled question?
What is an example of a double-barreled question?
What is the recommended number of response levels for Likert questions?
What is the recommended number of response levels for Likert questions?
What can implicit assumptions in survey questions lead to?
What can implicit assumptions in survey questions lead to?
What is social desirability bias?
What is social desirability bias?
Where should specific questions typically be placed in a survey sequence?
Where should specific questions typically be placed in a survey sequence?
Which type of question allows respondents to answer in their own words?
Which type of question allows respondents to answer in their own words?
How does a multichotomous question differ from a dichotomous question?
How does a multichotomous question differ from a dichotomous question?
What type of question is useful for regression analysis due to its binary nature?
What type of question is useful for regression analysis due to its binary nature?
Which of the following statements is true about scales?
Which of the following statements is true about scales?
Which of these options represents a fixed-alternative question with only two response options?
Which of these options represents a fixed-alternative question with only two response options?
What characterizes an open-ended question?
What characterizes an open-ended question?
In a multichotomous question, which example is more representative?
In a multichotomous question, which example is more representative?
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Study Notes
Designing a Questionnaire
- The process of designing a questionnaire is often more intricate than initially perceived.
Steps for a Questionnaire
- The first step is defining the desired information to be gathered.
- The second step involves deciding on the method of administration.
- The third step focuses on the content of the questionnaire, considering the form, wording, and sequence of questions.
Modelling Questions
- Independent variables (X) influence dependent variables (Y).
- Moderating variables (Z) affect the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
- Mediating variables (M) explain the mechanism by which independent variables influence dependent variables..
Methods of Administration
- Determining how to collect data is crucial after defining what information is needed.
Asking Questions Properly
- Is the question necessary?
- Validate the question's relevance by reviewing the established model.
- Are several questions needed instead of one?
- For complex variables, consider utilizing existing questions or scales found in literature.
- Do respondents have the necessary information?
- Ensure that participants possess the knowledge to answer a question accurately.
- Will respondents give the information?
- Address potential social desirability bias, which occurs when respondents answer questions in a manner perceived favorably by others.
What Content?
- Evaluate the necessity of each question.
- Determine if multiple questions are needed for complex variables.
- Leverage existing questions or scales from research literature.
- Utilize resources such as “Handbook of Marketing Scales” (Bearden et al., 2012).
Different Question Forms:
- Open-Ended Questions
- Allow respondents to provide their own answers without pre-defined options.
- Examples: "How old are you?", "What commercials did you see last night?", "Why did you choose a Sony plasma TV?".
- Multichotomous Questions
- Provide a fixed set of alternatives for respondents to choose from.
- Examples: "How old are you?", "How many long-distance calls do you make weekly?"
- Dichotomous Questions
- Offer only two alternative responses.
- Example: "Do you intend to purchase a car this year?".
- Scales
- Present a series of fixed alternatives, allowing respondents to rate their agreement or opinion.
- Common types include Likert-type and Osgood-type scales.
Phrasing Questions Effectively
- Use simple language.
- Avoid ambiguity or imprecise wording.
- Minimize implicit assumptions.
- Avoid generalizations and estimates.
- Refrain from double-barreled questions (asking two questions at once).
Measurement Bias
- Involves systematic differences between observed values and actual values.
- Can occur due to improperly calibrated scales or poorly worded questions.
Sequencing Questions
- Organize questions logically, including:
- Introduction to the study.
- Introductory or opening questions.
- Specific questions relevant to the research model.
Sampling Bias
- Selection Bias: Occurs when the sampling method excludes a portion of the target population.
- Non-Response Bias: Arises when respondents who choose not to participate differ significantly from the overall population.
Coding Data
- Raw data represents observations.
- Columns represent questions in a dataset..
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