Designing a Fish Pond (RAP Model)

24 Questions

What is the purpose of the inlet furrow/canal in a pond?

To bring water to the pond site

What is the recommended slope for a pond with a size of 1500 m2 to 5000 m2?

2:1 to 4:1

What is the function of the outlet at the bottom of the pond?

To let water out of the pond completely

What is the dimension of the inlet furrow/canal?

20cm wide and 40cm deep

What is the function of the overflow pipe at the deeper side of the pond?

To discharge excess water from the pond

What is the slope of the wall outside a pond constructed on soil with high clay content?

1:1

What is the purpose of the outlet furrow constructed outside the pond at the deeper side?

To take water away from the pond site

What is the purpose of the Monk, a special overflow and outlet made of concrete?

To let water out of the pond completely

What is the average depth of a pond?

What is the preferred shape of a pond?

Square

What is the purpose of the inside slopes of a pond?

To reduce water seepage

What is the function of the free board in a pond?

To prevent the pond from flooding

What is the purpose of the inlet pipe in a pond?

To let water into the pond

What is the purpose of the outlet pipe at the bottom of the pond?

To let water out of the pond

What is the preferred depth for fish breeding in a pond?

1.1-1.3m

What is the purpose of the dike or wall in a pond?

To make it easy to work around the pond

What is the ideal machine to use in large pond construction?

Bull dozer

What is the first step in pond construction?

Survey the land

Why is top soil not suitable for constructing dike/walls?

It has roots and organic matter that can cause leakages

What is the purpose of marking out the key/core trench?

To prevent leakages in permeable soil

What is the minimum thickness required for pond walls?

What is the purpose of removing vegetation from the site?

To prevent it from being included in the soil used for constructing pond dykes

What is the purpose of excavation in pond construction?

To move earth for constructing dikes/walls

In which type of area is manual labor ideal for pond construction?

Swampy areas

Study Notes

Pond Construction and Design

The slope of the wall inside the pond should be 1.5:1 for soil with high clay content, 2:1 for soil with less clay (sand)
The slope of the wall outside the pond should be 1:1 for soil with high clay content, 1.5:1 for soil with less clay (sand)

Pond Size and Recommended Slope

For ponds 5-20 ha, a slope of 4:1 to 7:1 is recommended
For ponds 1500 m2 to 5,000 m2, a slope of 2:1 to 4:1 is recommended
For ponds 150 m2 to 1,500 m2, a slope of 2:1 is recommended
For ponds ≤ 150 m2, a slope of 1.5:1 to 1:1 is recommended

Inlet Furrow/Canal

Function: Brings water to the pond site
Dimensions: 20cm wide and 40cm deep

Inlet on Pond Wall

Function: Allows water to enter the pond
A PVC/Asbestos/Steel pipe of diameter 75-110mm can be used

Outlet at the Bottom of the Pond

Function: Lets water out of the pond completely
A PVC/Asbestos/Steel pipe of diameter 75-110mm can be used

Overflow Pipe

Function: Discharges excess water from the pond
A PVC/Asbestos/Steel pipe of diameter 75-110mm can be used

Monk (Special Overflow and Outlet)

Made of concrete, constructed at the deeper side of the pond
Functions as a level control and/or outlet to drain water off the pond

Outlet Furrow

Function: Takes water away from the pond site
Dimensions: 1m wide and 40cm deep

Pond Depth and Shape

Average depth of the pond: 1m
Shallow side: 1.1m (80cm water depth + 30cm to inlet pipe)
Deeper side: 1.5m (120cm water depth + 30cm to overflow pipe)
Rectangular/square shape, preferably square

Key Features of a Pond

Inside slopes (ratio 3:1) to strengthen the pond wall and minimize seepage
Outside slopes (ratio 2:1) for stability and easy access
Pond depth (shallow and deeper sides) for fish breeding and shelter
Free board (30-50cm) to prevent flooding
Dike/Wall/Embankment (1m wide) for easy working around the pond

Pond Staking

Actual pond size stakes
Pond wall width stakes
Inside Dike Wall Slope stakes
Outside Dike Wall Slope Stakes
Pond Bottom Box

Construction Steps

Survey the land (STEP 1)
Clear the land of vegetation (STEP 2)
Remove top soil from site (STEP 3)
Peg the pond (STEP 4)
Measure and mark out the walls (STEP 5)
Mark out dike slopes and width (STEP 5)
Mark out key/core trench (STEP 6)
Excavate the pond (STEP 7)

This quiz covers the key features and design considerations for building a fish pond, including size, shape, and depth. It also discusses the importance of pond design in relation to fish stock, feed, and manure application, as well as total production.

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