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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended inclination range for the floor of the mixing tank toward the inlet pipe?
What is the recommended inclination range for the floor of the mixing tank toward the inlet pipe?
- 15% - 20%
- 8.5% - 17.5% (correct)
- 10% - 15%
- 5% - 12%
What material should the cover of the mixing tank be made from?
What material should the cover of the mixing tank be made from?
- Plastic
- Fiberglass
- Wood
- G.I. sheet (correct)
What diameter should the manhole cover be for accessing the digester?
What diameter should the manhole cover be for accessing the digester?
- 0.75 m
- 0.5 m
- 0.85 m
- 0.65 m (correct)
What is the minimum diameter of reinforcement bars used in a reinforced digester?
What is the minimum diameter of reinforcement bars used in a reinforced digester?
How should the inlet pipe be sealed for proper functioning?
How should the inlet pipe be sealed for proper functioning?
What is the main purpose of PAES 413:2001?
What is the main purpose of PAES 413:2001?
Which term indicates a requirement that must be followed strictly according to the standard?
Which term indicates a requirement that must be followed strictly according to the standard?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the references considered in the preparation of this standard?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the references considered in the preparation of this standard?
What type of waste does the standard specifically focus on for biogas production?
What type of waste does the standard specifically focus on for biogas production?
Which phrase indicates a recommendation without a strict requirement?
Which phrase indicates a recommendation without a strict requirement?
Who initiated the formulation of this national standard?
Who initiated the formulation of this national standard?
What is implied by the term 'nonconformance' in the context of this standard?
What is implied by the term 'nonconformance' in the context of this standard?
What is the recommended maximum tank size for collecting manure in a continuous-fed biogas plant?
What is the recommended maximum tank size for collecting manure in a continuous-fed biogas plant?
What ratio of manure to water is used to determine slurry volume?
What ratio of manure to water is used to determine slurry volume?
Which type of animal manure has the highest daily production mentioned?
Which type of animal manure has the highest daily production mentioned?
What is the minimum diameter required for the inlet pipe in a biogas plant?
What is the minimum diameter required for the inlet pipe in a biogas plant?
Where should the biogas system be located in relation to the animal pen?
Where should the biogas system be located in relation to the animal pen?
For batch-fed biogas systems, how is the slurry input rate calculated?
For batch-fed biogas systems, how is the slurry input rate calculated?
What should the soil foundation for the biogas system be like?
What should the soil foundation for the biogas system be like?
Which type of chicken produces the least amount of manure daily?
Which type of chicken produces the least amount of manure daily?
The optimal dimension for other components of the biogas system should follow the procedure used for which component?
The optimal dimension for other components of the biogas system should follow the procedure used for which component?
Which type of plant has the digester and gas chamber as separate units?
Which type of plant has the digester and gas chamber as separate units?
What does the term 'substrate' refer to in the context of biogas plants?
What does the term 'substrate' refer to in the context of biogas plants?
What is the purpose of the baffle board in a digester?
What is the purpose of the baffle board in a digester?
What characterizes a floating type biogas plant?
What characterizes a floating type biogas plant?
Which factor is NOT included in the classification based on plant set-up?
Which factor is NOT included in the classification based on plant set-up?
Which of the following temperature ranges is referred to as mesophilic?
Which of the following temperature ranges is referred to as mesophilic?
What does 'retention time' in a digester refer to?
What does 'retention time' in a digester refer to?
What is the primary function of methanogens in a biogas plant?
What is the primary function of methanogens in a biogas plant?
Which type of plant is characterized by the use of multiple digesters?
Which type of plant is characterized by the use of multiple digesters?
What factors determine the digester tank capacity?
What factors determine the digester tank capacity?
Which substrate has the shortest recommended retention time in the mesophilic temperature range?
Which substrate has the shortest recommended retention time in the mesophilic temperature range?
In a floating type digester, what is the height/length ratio for a circular design?
In a floating type digester, what is the height/length ratio for a circular design?
Which length/width proportion (L/W) results in the lowest height/length ratio for rectangular digesters?
Which length/width proportion (L/W) results in the lowest height/length ratio for rectangular digesters?
What is a prerequisite for a properly designed baffle board in a digester system?
What is a prerequisite for a properly designed baffle board in a digester system?
Which combination of ratios applies to integrated floating type plants?
Which combination of ratios applies to integrated floating type plants?
What is the retention time for liquid chicken manure?
What is the retention time for liquid chicken manure?
What is the maximum height/length ratio for a rectangular digester with L = 1.6W?
What is the maximum height/length ratio for a rectangular digester with L = 1.6W?
For which substrate mix is the recommended retention time the longest?
For which substrate mix is the recommended retention time the longest?
What does the coefficient of W represent in the context of rectangular digesters?
What does the coefficient of W represent in the context of rectangular digesters?
Flashcards
What is the main purpose of PAES 413:2001?
What is the main purpose of PAES 413:2001?
This standard sets the minimum requirements for designing and building a biogas plant using animal waste.
What type of biogas plant does PAES 413:2001 cover?
What type of biogas plant does PAES 413:2001 cover?
This standard is intended for biogas plants utilizing animal waste as a source of energy.
What does the word "shall" signify in PAES 413:2001?
What does the word "shall" signify in PAES 413:2001?
The word "shall" indicates a mandatory requirement that must be followed exactly. No deviation is allowed.
What does the word "should" signify in PAES 413:2001?
What does the word "should" signify in PAES 413:2001?
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What sources were used to create PAES 413:2001?
What sources were used to create PAES 413:2001?
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What is the overall objective of PAES 413:2001?
What is the overall objective of PAES 413:2001?
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What is the scope of PAES 413:2001?
What is the scope of PAES 413:2001?
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Biogas Plant
Biogas Plant
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Integrated Plant
Integrated Plant
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Split-Type Plant
Split-Type Plant
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Multi-Digester Plant
Multi-Digester Plant
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Floating Type Biogas Plant
Floating Type Biogas Plant
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Fixed Type Biogas Plant
Fixed Type Biogas Plant
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Balloon Type Biogas Plant
Balloon Type Biogas Plant
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Collecting Tank
Collecting Tank
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Inlet Pipe
Inlet Pipe
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Biogas digester location
Biogas digester location
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Biogas utilization
Biogas utilization
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Biogas system foundation
Biogas system foundation
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Collecting tank volume (Continuous-fed)
Collecting tank volume (Continuous-fed)
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Slurry ratio
Slurry ratio
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Manure production
Manure production
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Slurry input (Batch-fed)
Slurry input (Batch-fed)
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Collecting tank dimension calculation
Collecting tank dimension calculation
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Inlet pipe diameter
Inlet pipe diameter
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PAES 413:2001
PAES 413:2001
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Mixing Tank Floor Slope
Mixing Tank Floor Slope
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Digester Reinforcement
Digester Reinforcement
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Digester Waterproofing
Digester Waterproofing
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Balloon Type Biogas Inlet
Balloon Type Biogas Inlet
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Digester Manhole
Digester Manhole
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What is slurry volume?
What is slurry volume?
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What is retention time?
What is retention time?
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How long is the retention time for liquid pig manure?
How long is the retention time for liquid pig manure?
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What is the optimum cross-section of a digester?
What is the optimum cross-section of a digester?
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What is a floating type digester?
What is a floating type digester?
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What is an integrated floating type digester?
What is an integrated floating type digester?
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What is a floating type digester with a separate gasholder?
What is a floating type digester with a separate gasholder?
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What is the height/length ratio of a digester?
What is the height/length ratio of a digester?
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What is the purpose of a baffle board in a floating type digester?
What is the purpose of a baffle board in a floating type digester?
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What is the recommended height/length ratio for a floating type digester with a circular cross-section?
What is the recommended height/length ratio for a floating type digester with a circular cross-section?
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Study Notes
Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard - Biogas Plant (PAES 413:2001)
- This standard outlines the minimum requirements for designing and constructing biogas plants using animal waste.
- The standard was developed by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) with funding from the Department of Agriculture.
- It adheres to international standards (PNS 01-4:1998, ISO/IEC).
- The word "shall" indicates mandatory requirements, while "should" suggests recommended practices.
- Several reference documents were consulted during the standard's creation, including reports, training courses, and design manuals.
Definitions and Components
- Biogas plant: A system processing animal waste/manure to generate biogas and sludge. Includes inlet/mixing tank, digester, gas chamber, and outlet/sludge tank.
- Integrated plant: A biogas plant where the digester and gas chamber are integrated into one unit.
- Split-type plant: A biogas plant with separate digester and gas chamber units.
- Multi-digester plant: A biogas plant with multiple digesters.
- Floating type: Biogas plant with a floating gasholder.
- Fixed type: Biogas plant with a fixed gas chamber.
- Balloon type: Biogas plant with a plastic balloon acting as both digester and gasholder.
- Collecting tank: Holds manure and water, filtering out non-biodegradable waste before entering the digester.
- Inlet pipe: Carries manure/water mixture to the digester.
- Digester/Biodigester/Bioreactor: The main anaerobic reaction vessel.
- Baffle board: Divisions within the digester preventing premature slurry exit.
- Stirrer/Mixer/Agitator: Mechanical device for mixing slurry within the digester.
- Gas chamber: Collects and stores biogas produced.
- Gasholder retainer: Holds the gasholder in place.
- Outlet pipe: Carries the effluent/slurry out of the plant.
- Backfill: Compacted soil and gravel supporting digester wall.
- Loading rate: Amount of slurry processed per unit digester volume per day.
- Substrate: Organic material used to produce biogas.
- Seeding: Introduction of anaerobic bacteria to the digester.
- Slurry: Manure and water mixture.
- Freeboard: Difference in height between digester wall and filling line (level of slurry).
- Retention time: Period slurry remains in the digester for digestion.
- Toxic materials: Substances inhibiting pathogen growth (e.g., minerals, heavy metals, detergents).
- Methanization/Digestion: Processes involving methane-producing bacteria.
- Methanogens: Anaerobic bacteria producing biogas.
- Gas production rate: Amount of biogas produced per unit digester volume per day.
- Biogas: Mixture of primarily methane and carbon dioxide, used for fuel.
- Scum: Floating material (mainly fibrous) on the slurry.
- Sludge: Settled, semi-solid portion of slurry.
- Effluent: Residue exiting the digester.
- Classification of biogas plant (based on different designs).
Location, Size and Components Details
- Biogas plant placement should consider good drainage and elevation below the animal pen.
- Collecting tank size dependent on the feeding method (continuous or batch).
- Calculation methods for digester and gas chamber volume and dimensions are provided, considering retention time and other factors, using formulas.
Functional Requirements
- Collecting tank: Concrete channels, water mixing, and sluice gate for manure and water control.
- Inlet pipe: Use of concrete/prefabricated pipes, inclination with digester wall, and appropriate location.
- Digester: Various materials used, reinforced components for larger biogas production, and special consideration for finishing, and sealing.
- Gas outlet pipe: Materials used (PVC or GI), consideration of underground placement and water traps, dimensions.
- Outlet tank: Concrete construction, overflow, height relative to filling line.
- Ground water drainage: Blind drainage, water seeps, or deep wells to manage water drainage.
- Heating systems: Direct or indirect heating for substrate if temperatures are too low.
- Pumps: If gravity feed is not feasible due to topography.
- Safety concerns: Visual inspections for cracks, gaps, and tightness, water-holding, gas test to ensure the plant is airtight.
Operational and Maintenance Considerations
- Initial loading: Include starter material with high bacteria population (5-10% of volume).
- Regular loading: Mixing manure with water to the correct consistency.
- Stirring: Daily mixing to ensure uniform temperature.
- Periodic cleaning: Regular removal of accumulated sludge.
- Damage or cracks repair: Repair procedure.
- Emergency guidelines: Provide for the safety of workers and bystanders.
Gas Requirements for Appliances
- Provides gas requirements (m³/hr) for different types of appliances like a gas burner, mantle lamp, and refrigerator using standardized types.
Additional Information
- Several diagrams/figures show typical biogas plant designs (floating drum, fixed dome, balloon type).
- Mathematical formulas and tables aid in calculating plant dimensions for different types of biogas plants.
- The standard also includes information regarding the optimization of digestion processes (temperature, pH, and nutrient values), as well as various optional or different possible plant designs.
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Description
This quiz covers essential design specifications for mixing tanks, including the recommended floor inclination range, material for the cover, manhole cover diameter, reinforcement bar diameter, and sealing methods for the inlet pipe. It's crucial for anyone involved in the design and construction of mixing tanks to understand these specifications fully.
