Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best defines design science?
Which of the following best defines design science?
- Studying consumer behavior
- Translating requirements into design (correct)
- Creating marketing strategies
- Analyzing service delivery processes
The servicescape only focuses on the appearance of physical surroundings without considering consumer emotions.
The servicescape only focuses on the appearance of physical surroundings without considering consumer emotions.
False (B)
What are the two systems of processing information described by the Dual-System Theory?
What are the two systems of processing information described by the Dual-System Theory?
System 1 and System 2
The __________ model is a framework where environmental stimuli affect consumers' emotional states.
The __________ model is a framework where environmental stimuli affect consumers' emotional states.
Match the elements of the service delivery process with their descriptions:
Match the elements of the service delivery process with their descriptions:
Which factor does NOT influence design effects according to the content?
Which factor does NOT influence design effects according to the content?
System 1 processing relies on conscious thought and is rational.
System 1 processing relies on conscious thought and is rational.
What is the primary focus of the servicescape model proposed by Bitner?
What is the primary focus of the servicescape model proposed by Bitner?
What is the main focus of Experience Design Services (ExS)?
What is the main focus of Experience Design Services (ExS)?
The Experience Design Board focuses on the theater model and multi-sensory elements to enhance services.
The Experience Design Board focuses on the theater model and multi-sensory elements to enhance services.
What is the evoked set in consumer decision-making?
What is the evoked set in consumer decision-making?
An experiencescape expands on a servicescape by including __________ and __________ aspects.
An experiencescape expands on a servicescape by including __________ and __________ aspects.
Match the design concepts to their descriptions:
Match the design concepts to their descriptions:
Which of the following aspects is NOT a component of a servicescape?
Which of the following aspects is NOT a component of a servicescape?
Environmental design is equally important for both service providers and product sellers.
Environmental design is equally important for both service providers and product sellers.
What are the five characteristics required for attention restoration according to Attention Restoration Theory?
What are the five characteristics required for attention restoration according to Attention Restoration Theory?
Which dimension of an experienscape refers to how the environment appeals to the senses?
Which dimension of an experienscape refers to how the environment appeals to the senses?
Emotional Place Identity refers to the memories and associations an individual has with a space.
Emotional Place Identity refers to the memories and associations an individual has with a space.
What is the ideal level of arousal according to Optimal Arousal Theory?
What is the ideal level of arousal according to Optimal Arousal Theory?
According to the Reversal Theory, humans may experience a change in ___________ states.
According to the Reversal Theory, humans may experience a change in ___________ states.
Match the emotional states to their corresponding characteristics:
Match the emotional states to their corresponding characteristics:
Which of the following is NOT a dimension emphasized in an experienscape?
Which of the following is NOT a dimension emphasized in an experienscape?
Too much arousal leads to feelings of boredom according to Optimal Arousal Theory.
Too much arousal leads to feelings of boredom according to Optimal Arousal Theory.
What enhances both emotional and cognitive place identity?
What enhances both emotional and cognitive place identity?
Which factor has been shown to increase consumer satisfaction and willingness to pay?
Which factor has been shown to increase consumer satisfaction and willingness to pay?
Cool colors are known to evoke arousal in consumers.
Cool colors are known to evoke arousal in consumers.
What are the three phases of the customer journey?
What are the three phases of the customer journey?
A __________ is a tool for mapping service delivery that includes the firm's internal business alongside the customer journey.
A __________ is a tool for mapping service delivery that includes the firm's internal business alongside the customer journey.
Match the following types of touchpoints with their descriptions:
Match the following types of touchpoints with their descriptions:
Which ambience factor can influence consumers through scents?
Which ambience factor can influence consumers through scents?
Crowding is perceived negatively by all types of shoppers.
Crowding is perceived negatively by all types of shoppers.
What influence does physical warmth have on decision-making?
What influence does physical warmth have on decision-making?
What is 'green nudging' primarily focused on?
What is 'green nudging' primarily focused on?
Construal-Level theory states that people perceive objects based on their physical distance only.
Construal-Level theory states that people perceive objects based on their physical distance only.
Name one principle of persuasion that indicates people are more likely to comply if they like the requester.
Name one principle of persuasion that indicates people are more likely to comply if they like the requester.
The Fogg Behaviour Model describes the relationship between motivation, ability, and the ________ threshold.
The Fogg Behaviour Model describes the relationship between motivation, ability, and the ________ threshold.
Match the following types of design with their characteristics:
Match the following types of design with their characteristics:
Which principle of persuasion emphasizes the tendency of individuals to comply based on social norms?
Which principle of persuasion emphasizes the tendency of individuals to comply based on social norms?
According to the Fogg Behaviour Model, high motivation can compensate for low ability.
According to the Fogg Behaviour Model, high motivation can compensate for low ability.
What are the three characteristics of successful prompts in the Fogg Behaviour model?
What are the three characteristics of successful prompts in the Fogg Behaviour model?
Flashcards
Customer Experience (CX)
Customer Experience (CX)
The overall experience a customer has with a company, encompassing their thoughts, feelings, and interactions with the brand throughout their journey.
Customer Journey
Customer Journey
The steps a customer takes when interacting with a brand, from initial awareness to post-purchase engagement.
Touchpoint
Touchpoint
A moment of interaction between a customer and a brand, like an advertisement, social media post, or customer service interaction.
Brand-owned Touchpoint
Brand-owned Touchpoint
Touchpoints controlled by the company, like marketing campaigns, loyalty programs, or owned stores.
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Partner-owned Touchpoint
Partner-owned Touchpoint
Touchpoints co-managed by the company and partners, like online marketplaces or multi-channel distribution.
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Customer-owned Touchpoint
Customer-owned Touchpoint
Touchpoints initiated by the customer, like product reviews, social media mentions, or customer support requests.
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Social/External Touchpoint
Social/External Touchpoint
Touchpoints influenced by external factors, like social media trends, influencer recommendations, or peer reviews.
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Service Blueprint
Service Blueprint
A visual tool that maps out the customer journey alongside the company's internal processes, helping to understand how the company delivers its service.
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Design Science
Design Science
The process of transforming user needs, business requirements, and market expectations into a tangible design solution.
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Service Environment
Service Environment
The physical surroundings within which service encounters occur, encompassing both interior and exterior aspects of facilities.
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S-O-R Model
S-O-R Model
A model explaining how stimuli (sensory input) impact an organism's emotions (pleasure, arousal, dominance), leading to a specific response.
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Servicescape Model
Servicescape Model
A comprehensive framework for understanding how the physical environment of a service influences customer behavior, emotions, and decision-making.
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System 1
System 1
The unconscious, rapid, and emotional system of information processing.
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System 2
System 2
The conscious, slow, and rational system of information processing.
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Dual-System Theory
Dual-System Theory
A theory proposing two distinct systems of information processing: System 1 (fast and emotional) and System 2 (slow and rational).
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Script
Script
The set of rules, norms, and protocols that govern interactions within a service environment.
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Emotional Place Identity
Emotional Place Identity
A sense of attachment and belonging to a specific location.
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Cognitive Place Identity
Cognitive Place Identity
Memories and associations linked to a place.
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Optimal Arousal
Optimal Arousal
The ideal level of arousal for an individual, where peak pleasure is experienced.
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Russell's Circumflex of Emotions
Russell's Circumflex of Emotions
A model that maps emotions based on pleasure and activation levels.
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Arousal and Dominance Relationship
Arousal and Dominance Relationship
The combination of arousal and dominance to determine pleasure levels.
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Reversal Theory
Reversal Theory
A theory suggesting humans alternate between motivational states and emotional states.
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Must Shoppers
Must Shoppers
Shoppers driven by task completion and finding relaxation.
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Scope
Scope
The environment feels spacious and immersive, encouraging freedom of movement and engagement.
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Experience-Centric Services (ExS)
Experience-Centric Services (ExS)
The process of designing services that focus on creating emotionally appealing and memorable experiences for customers, often found in industries like theme parks, entertainment, and digital games.
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Experience Design Board
Experience Design Board
A structured tool used to analyze and design ExS by focusing on the theater model and multi-sensory aspects of customer experience, emphasizing emotional engagement through elements like design and atmosphere.
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Evoked Set
Evoked Set
A set of brands that a consumer is aware of and considers when making a purchasing decision, typically exceeding 20 brands.
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Consideration Set
Consideration Set
The smaller set of brands that a consumer actively considers when making a purchase decision, typically around 7 +/- 2 brands.
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Servicescape
Servicescape
The aspects of a service that create a physical, social, and emotional environment for the customer, encompassing tangible elements and intangible experiences.
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Experiencescape
Experiencescape
An extension of the servicescape that incorporates cultural and technological aspects to enhance the overall experience, focusing on creating memorable moments.
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Biomorphic Design
Biomorphic Design
A design approach that uses shapes, patterns, and textures inspired by nature to create a sense of connection and well-being for users.
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Attention Restoration Theory (ART)
Attention Restoration Theory (ART)
A theory suggesting that exposure to certain environments can restore mental focus and reduce stress by providing a break from daily routines and stimulating effortless attention.
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Construal-Level Theory
Construal-Level Theory
A theory explaining how people perceive objects, events, or actions based on their psychological distance, such as time, social connection, or possibility.
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Green Nudging
Green Nudging
Behavioral interventions that subtly encourage eco-friendly actions.
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Feasibility Nudge
Feasibility Nudge
Focuses on making eco-friendly actions simple and easy to understand.
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Desirability Nudge
Desirability Nudge
Appeals to broader, long-term goals and values.
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Reciprocity
Reciprocity
A key principle of persuasion that suggests we are more likely to comply with someone who has done us a favor.
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Prompt (Fogg Behavior Model)
Prompt (Fogg Behavior Model)
A trigger that activates a desired behavior by making it noticeable, associated with the behavior, and motivating.
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Fogg Behavior Model
Fogg Behavior Model
A model that explains behavior based on motivation, ability, and trigger.
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Activation Threshold (Fogg Behavior Model)
Activation Threshold (Fogg Behavior Model)
The idea that high motivation can compensate for low ability and vice-versa, and that a trigger is crucial for any action to occur.
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Lecture 1
- Design science translates requirements into design. This includes user, business, market, and engineering requirements.
- Design effects depend on context, including activities (complex vs. simple tasks), dynamics (peak vs. off-peak hours), and consumer needs/motivation.
- A service is comparable to a theatre, with performance (service delivery), actors (consumers, employees), backstage operations, and stage/servicescape (physical environment).
- The physical environment, or servicescape, impacts how customers and employees act, feel, and think, as outlined by Bitner (1992).
- A servicescape considers the importance of physical surroundings, typology (how complex/interactive is the environment), and environment-user relationships.
- Two systems of information processing exist: System 1 (unconscious, fast, emotional) and System 2 (slow, conscious, rational).
- The Dual-System Theory (Kahneman) posits that these two systems play different roles in design challenges. System 1 is heavily utilized in routine tasks while System 2 handles more complex tasks.
Lecture 2
- Baker et al. explored how service settings' physical environments influence customer behavior, emotions, and decision-making.
- Key concepts include service environment (physical interior/exterior facilities), the S-O-R model (environmental stimuli affecting emotional states of consumers), and the servicescape model (understanding consumer responses through environmental dimensions outlined by Bitner).
- Findings on environmental factors: Ambience (music, lighting, scent), design (color, spatial factors, materials), and social factors (other consumers). Findings show these factors influence consumer satisfaction, behavioral intentions, and decision-making.
Lecture 3
- Kandanpully (2023) discussed the integration of servicescapes and experiencescapes, highlighting the importance of physical, social, natural, and symbolic aspects within a servicescape.
- Experiencescapes expand upon servicescapes by emphasizing cultural and technological aspects for a memorable experience, arguing that technology should be used as a partner rather than just a tool.
- Kumar (2020) focused on biomorphic design, (mimicking nature in shapes, patterns, and textures).
- Biomorphic designs offer a feasible way to bring nature into urban spaces, creating a sense of nature without needing expansive green areas.
- Attention Restoration Theory (ART) suggests that certain environments have characteristics that stimulate attention restoration including, Being Away, Fascination, Scope, Coherence, Compatibility.
Lecture 4
- Place Identity Theory implies individuals have a psychological connection to a place. This connection involves emotional attachment (sense of belonging) and cognitive associations (memories/associations).
- Biomorphism enhances both emotional and cognitive place identity.
- Optimal Arousal Theory: Individuals are motivated to maintain a balanced level of arousal for optimal experience (pleasure). Too little arousal leads to boredom, and too much leads to overstimulation.
Lecture 4
- Carrel (2023) explored green nudging and construal-level theory.
- Construal-Level Theory explores how people perceive objects and events in relation to psychological distance (special, social, temporal, hypothetical).
- Green nudging aims to encourage eco-friendly actions using subtle behavioral interventions.
- The article emphasizes that feasibility-focused nudges (e.g., how to achieve a goal) are more effective than purely desirability-focused nudges (e.g., why a goal is important).
Additional Concepts (across lectures)
-
The S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) model is a framework for understanding how environmental stimuli (e.g., physical surroundings) affect consumers and their responses to the service encounter.
-
The Fogg Behaviour Model (FBM) a model for predicting and influencing behaviour in a certain task. The model suggests that behaviour occurs when motivation and ability are combined with a trigger. The model is a curve implying that high motivation compensates for low ability, simple tasks require less motivation, and without a trigger, motivation does not lead to behaviour.
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Seven principles of persuasion: Reciprocity, Authority, Social Proof, Liking, Commitment/Consistency, Scarcity, and Unity. Desirability focuses on abstract goals as triggers for behaviour while feasibility focuses on tangible 'how' steps.
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