Design Process and Ideation Tools

Design Process

• The design process consists of five stages: Empathies, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test
• Ideation tools include:
  • Pre-design brainstorming
  • Mood board
  • Digital prototyping (3D printing)
  • Design finalizing, digital prototyping (CNC)

Materials

• Plastics are polymeric materials that may contain other substances to improve performance and reduce cost
• Composite materials are made from two or more different materials with different properties, resulting in a new material with different properties than its original properties
• Nano technology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale
• Materials can be classified into:
  • Plastics
  • Metals (ferrous and non-ferrous)
  • Woods (natural and man-made)
  • Textiles (fabric, silk, wool, etc.)
• Environmentally friendly materials consider:
  • Recycling
  • Renewable resources
  • Non-toxic and toxic materials

Choosing a Material

• Factors to consider when choosing a material:
  • Cost
  • Reliability
  • Electrical and mechanical properties
  • Ease of joining and fabrication
• Material performance requirements:
  • Functional requirements
  • Processability requirements
  • Cost (economical and environmental)
  • Reliability requirements
  • Resistance to service conditions

Context

• Context refers to everything that involves using the product
• Includes user's physical and psychological needs, space layout, lighting, weather, and surrounding objects
• Product context anticipates the user's needs when they are using the product

Material and Health

• When using plastic, it's essential to define its main chemical features
• Materials can have different properties, such as:
  • Anti-rust and anti-bacteria
  • Thermal conductor
  • Salt-resistant
  • Lightweight

Material and Shock

• Anti-shock considerations:
  • Portable and small objects
  • Crowded context
  • Characterized behaviors
  • Characterized jobs

Visual Culture

• Visual culture refers to everything that is seen or produced to be seen
• Examines how internal and external processes interact to produce the act of seeing a product
• Vision is affected by:
  • External factors (images, objects)
  • Internal factors (thoughts, experiences)

Visual Technology

• Visual technology refers to any device made to be looked at or to enhance natural vision
• Examples include paint and textures
• Texture can be:
  • Actual or illusory (mental) feel of a surface
  • Tactile (sensation of touch)
• Tactile categories:
  • Surface architecture
  • Surface temperature
  • Surface consistency conditions
  • Pressure resistance

Sustainable Design

• Sustainable design satisfies economic needs while protecting the planet's resources for future generations
• Sustainable design aspects:
  • Environmental
  • Economic
  • Social
• Principles of sustainable design:
  • Design backwards
  • Long-lasting
  • Local and social
  • Renewable
  • Repurpose materials
  • Recyclable
  • Biodegradable
  • Upgradeable

Recycled Materials

• Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable objects
• Recycling benefits:
  • Reduces waste of potentially useful materials
  • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
  • Cuts down on energy usage
  • Lowers consumption of raw materials
  • Lessens air and water pollution
• Recycling process:
  • Collect materials
  • Sort materials
  • Clean materials
  • Reprocess materials into new materials

Eco-Materials

• Eco-materials are materials that help enhance environmental improvement throughout the whole life cycle
• Main categories of eco-materials:
  • Cycle materials
  • Sustainable materials
  • Materials for ecology and environmental protection
  • Materials for society and human health

Designing with Composite Materials

• Composite materials are made from two or more different materials with different properties
• Composite materials are used to:
  • Raise performance levels
  • Address traditional design limitations
  • Develop new product solutions
• Composite materials are used in:
  • Aerospace
  • Military
  • Architecture
  • Critical industrial designs
  • Infrastructure

Nanotechnology and Smart Materials

• Nanotechnology is the ability to manipulate matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale
• Smart materials are materials that can react to their environment in a controlled way
• Smart behavior:
  • When a material senses a signal from the environment and reacts to it in a useful manner
• Examples of smart materials:
  • Interactive architecture
  • Opaque glass
  • Disappearing ink

CNC (Computer Numerical Control)

• CNC uses a prepared program with coded data to control functions and movements of a machine tool
• Types of CNC machines:
  • CNC milling machines
  • CNC lathe machines
  • CNC routers
  • CNC plasma cutter
  • Electrical Discharge CNC Machines
• Advantages of CNC machines:
  • High accuracy in manufacturing
  • Short production time
  • Greater manufacturing flexibility
  • Simpler fixturing
  • Contour machining (2 to 5-axis machining)
  • Reduced human error and effort
• Disadvantages of CNC machines:
  • High cost
  • Maintenance is difficult
  • A skilled part programmer is required

This quiz covers the design process steps, ideation tools, and factors influencing product design. Topics include empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing, as well as design nalizing and digital prototyping.