18 Questions
What is a limitation of a prevalence study?
Temporal relationship may not be clear
In a correlational study, what type of data is used?
Population-level data
What is the ecologic fallacy associated with?
Assuming association on a population level reflects association at an individual level
What does a correlational study primarily explore?
Average exposure data
What factor limits the ability to test hypotheses in correlational studies?
Association not always representing causation
In a prevalence study, what is not a problem if the exposure does not change over time?
Temporal relationship clarity
What is limited in correlational studies due to the focus on population-level data?
Ability to test causation
What type of observational study uses data from entire populations?
Prevalence study
What does a correlational study demonstrate about population behaviors?
Association of behaviors with disease frequencies
Which type of study provides information on exposure, behaviour, characteristics, and outcome of individuals assessed at the same point in time?
Cross-sectional Studies
What is the primary purpose of Descriptive Studies?
To identify possible associations for future study
What is the most basic descriptive study of individuals?
Case Reports
What is the primary limitation of Case Reports or Case Series?
No comparison group
What characteristic does Cross-sectional Studies share with Descriptive Studies?
Observing for possible associations at the individual level
What is the main strength of Case Reports or Case Series?
Being the first alert by an observant health care provider about something concerning or that warrants further investigation
What type of study is often the first alert by an observant health care provider about something concerning or that warrants further investigation?
Case Reports
What is the major limitation of Cross-sectional Studies?
May not represent a significant trend or association
What is the distinguishing feature of Descriptive Studies?
Observing for possible associations at the individual level, the population level, or at the group level.
Test your knowledge on descriptive studies and case reports, which focus on observing possible associations at individual, population, or group levels. Learn about the characteristics of people, places, and events for future hypothesis-generating studies.
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