Descriptive Studies and Case Reports Quiz

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What is a limitation of a prevalence study?

Ability to test hypotheses is not limited

Temporal relationship may not be clear (correct)

Relatively simple to complete

Designed to assess causation

In a correlational study, what type of data is used?

Individual-level data

Both individual and population-level data

Data from different regions

Population-level data (correct)

What is the ecologic fallacy associated with?

Data from different time periods

Evaluating actual levels but exploring average exposure data

Unmeasured variables in individual-level data

Assuming association on a population level reflects association at an individual level (correct)

What does a correlational study primarily explore?

Average exposure data (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factor limits the ability to test hypotheses in correlational studies?

Association not always representing causation (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a prevalence study, what is not a problem if the exposure does not change over time?

Temporal relationship clarity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is limited in correlational studies due to the focus on population-level data?

Ability to test causation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of observational study uses data from entire populations?

Prevalence study (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does a correlational study demonstrate about population behaviors?

Association of behaviors with disease frequencies (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study provides information on exposure, behaviour, characteristics, and outcome of individuals assessed at the same point in time?

Cross-sectional Studies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Descriptive Studies?

To identify possible associations for future study (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most basic descriptive study of individuals?

Case Reports (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of Case Reports or Case Series?

No comparison group (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does Cross-sectional Studies share with Descriptive Studies?

Observing for possible associations at the individual level (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main strength of Case Reports or Case Series?

Being the first alert by an observant health care provider about something concerning or that warrants further investigation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of study is often the first alert by an observant health care provider about something concerning or that warrants further investigation?

Case Reports (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major limitation of Cross-sectional Studies?

May not represent a significant trend or association (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Descriptive Studies?

Observing for possible associations at the individual level, the population level, or at the group level. (A) Signup and view all the answers