Descriptive Epidemiology Exam Overview
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Questions and Answers

What characterized the Miasmic epidemiology era?

  • Emphasis on laboratory science
  • Focus on single causative agents
  • Advocacy of germ theory
  • Belief that diseases were transmitted through the air, dust, or odors (correct)

What distinguished the Infectious Era (germ paradigm) from the Miasmic era?

  • Belief in disease transmission through the environment
  • Advocacy of laboratory science
  • Advocacy of clean water supplies and ventilation
  • Emphasis on single causative agents (correct)

What was one of the key practices advocated during the Sanitary Era for disease prevention and treatment?

  • Emphasis on laboratory science
  • Advocacy of clean water supplies and ventilation (correct)
  • Focus on single causative agents
  • Advocacy of germ theory

What led to the realization during the Infectious Era that many diseases were caused through infection?

<p>Emphasis on single causative agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement maintained a strong social conscience according to MacDonald (2004)?

<p>Sanitary Era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of public health nursing during the Infectious Era?

<p>Realization of infection-related diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chronic disease era focus on?

<p>Pathogenesis of diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of descriptive epidemiology?

<p>Examining the distribution of diseases in a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of a 'web of causation' in epidemiology?

<p>An interconnection of factors that cause diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in descriptive epidemiology?

<p>Exposure to disease-causing agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis of epidemiology post-World War II?

<p>Chronic disease prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does analytic epidemiology primarily investigate?

<p>Relationship between exposure and disease causation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of epidemiology as mentioned in the text?

<p>Explaining the aetiology of diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In descriptive epidemiology, what is NOT typically examined?

<p>Hypotheses about disease causation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epidemiology focuses on answering 'Who? What? Where? When?' questions?

<p>Descriptive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key focus area in descriptive epidemiology?

<p>Examining socioeconomic status and educational practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overarching goal of epidemiology according to the text?

<p>Preventing and controlling diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of analytic studies?

<p>Rigorous methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In field epidemiology, why is it important to identify unreported or unrecognized persons who may continue the spread of infection?

<p>To prevent further transmission of the infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the evaluation process in epidemiology?

<p>Determining program relevance and impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do epidemiologists rarely work in isolation during field epidemiology?

<p>To have a broader perspective on outbreaks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between effectiveness and efficiency in epidemiology?

<p>Effectiveness focuses on producing intended results, while efficiency focuses on time and resource expenditure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to characterize a disease before deciding on an appropriate intervention method in epidemiology?

<p>To tailor interventions based on disease characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common use of epidemiology as described in the text?

<p>Providing treatment for patients in clinical settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is one way that linkages are sustained among co-investigators?

<p>By sharing information with public health audiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key activity of epidemiologists in relation to policy development?

<p>Providing input, testimony, and recommendations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the purpose of epidemiology?

<p>To determine cause-effect relationships in populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what is a common use of studying the history of health events?

<p>Identifying trends of a disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the text, what is a typical function of epidemiologists in public health planning?

<p>Helping establish criteria to define syndromes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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