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Questions and Answers
Which process involves enhancing characteristics in organisms through gene manipulation for improved quality?
Which process involves enhancing characteristics in organisms through gene manipulation for improved quality?
Who developed the theory of evolution by Natural Selection independently?
Who developed the theory of evolution by Natural Selection independently?
What is the objective of gene therapy?
What is the objective of gene therapy?
Which mechanism of evolution involves the transfer of genes between populations?
Which mechanism of evolution involves the transfer of genes between populations?
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How does gene therapy treat conditions arising from defective genes?
How does gene therapy treat conditions arising from defective genes?
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What technology allowed for making numerous copies of a DNA segment for research purposes?
What technology allowed for making numerous copies of a DNA segment for research purposes?
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What concept in Darwin's theory of evolution is inspired by Thomas Malthus' essay?
What concept in Darwin's theory of evolution is inspired by Thomas Malthus' essay?
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According to Darwin, individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to:
According to Darwin, individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to:
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What is the result of the gradual accumulation of advantageous traits in a population over time?
What is the result of the gradual accumulation of advantageous traits in a population over time?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a trait resulting from adaptation?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a trait resulting from adaptation?
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What is fitness measured by in the context of natural selection?
What is fitness measured by in the context of natural selection?
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What term is used to describe the process where a biological function of a trait arises other than the function it was originally intended to perform?
What term is used to describe the process where a biological function of a trait arises other than the function it was originally intended to perform?
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What term did Darwin use to describe the evolutionary process?
What term did Darwin use to describe the evolutionary process?
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Which factor is essential for natural selection according to the text?
Which factor is essential for natural selection according to the text?
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What caused the peppered moths in England to shift from light-colored to dark-colored?
What caused the peppered moths in England to shift from light-colored to dark-colored?
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In natural selection, what happens to traits that provide better camouflage against predators?
In natural selection, what happens to traits that provide better camouflage against predators?
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Which statement accurately describes descent with modification?
Which statement accurately describes descent with modification?
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What is a key requirement for natural selection to occur?
What is a key requirement for natural selection to occur?
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Study Notes
Genetic Engineering
- Growth hormones and insulin are produced by DNA technology.
- Tissue plasminogen activator (PA) is produced by bacteria through DNA technology to prevent blood clots and treat stroke patients.
Genetically Modified Organisms
- The objective of genetic modification is to enhance favorable characteristics and ensure safety for human consumption.
- Examples of genetically modified organisms include Bt corn, golden rice, FlavrSavr tomato, and Bt peanut.
Gene Analysis
- The polymerase chain reaction enables scientists to make numerous copies of a DNA segment.
- This allows for in-depth research on the gene's function in an organism.
Mechanism of Evolution
- Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, DNA recombination, non-random mating, and gene flow are mechanisms that drive evolution in populations.
- Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Gene Therapy
- Gene therapy is a form of treatment used to cure conditions arising from defective or absent genes.
- The affected gene is inserted into a plasmid and reintroduced to target cells, allowing the gene to perform its functions.
Natural Selection
- The struggle for existence is a central idea in Darwin's theory of evolution, inspired by Thomas Malthus' essay on population growth and food supply.
- Individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual accumulation of advantageous traits in a population over time.
Adaptations
- Adaptive traits, such as those resulting from natural selection, can be processes or states.
- Not all traits are a result of adaptation; examples include the color of blood (due to hemoglobin's chemical structure) and the function of feathers as flight (an example of exaptation).
Descent with Modification
- Descent with modification is the process used by natural selection, where traits are passed down from generation to generation and sometimes undergo changes or modifications over time.
- Darwin described this process in his book "The Origin of Species".
Peppered Moths
- The peppered moth case in England during the Industrial Revolution is a classic example of natural selection in action.
- The population shifted from predominantly light-colored moths to dark-colored moths due to natural selection favoring those with traits providing better camouflage and increased survival.
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Description
Learn about descent with modification as described by Charles Darwin in 'The Origin of Species'. Understand how traits are passed down from generation to generation and how they can undergo changes over time through natural selection.
