38 Questions
What is the main function of the spinal cord and spinal nerves?
Relaying sensory input from the brain to the body
Which chapter of the textbook provides information about the protective structures of the spinal cord?
Chapter 13
What are dermatomes?
Specific areas of skin innervated by particular nerves
Which type of reflex is responsible for quickly pulling your hand away from a hot object?
Flexor reflex
What is the main difference between direct and indirect motor pathways?
Direct pathways synapse directly with motor neurons, while indirect pathways synapse with interneurons first
Which type of pathway distinguishes between fine touch, pressure, and vibration sensations?
Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway
Damage to which nerve plexus can result in difficulty moving the shoulder and arm?
Brachial plexus
Which reflex arc is responsible for maintaining muscle tone and adjusting it reflexively?
Stretch reflex
Which type of neurons relay motor output from the brain to effectors?
Motor neurons
How many neurons are typically involved in transmitting nerve signals from sensory receptors to the brain in sensory pathways?
Two neurons
In which part of the body is the primary (first-order) neuron located in the sensory pathways?
Brainstem or spinal cord
Which somatosensory pathway provides information about pain, temperature, touch, and pressure for conscious interpretation?
Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) pathway
Where does decussation occur in the Posterior column medial-lemniscus pathway?
Medulla
What is the function of the Secondary (second-order) neuron in sensory pathways?
Extend from the primary neuron to the thalamus
Where are somatosensory pathways found within?
Funiculi
What is the function of spinal reflexes?
Initiate quick reactions to stimuli
Where does the spinal cord end in relation to the vertebrae?
Inferior to L1 vertebra
What is the function of the vertebral foramina?
Form the vertebral canal to protect the spinal cord
Which meninx directly adheres to the external surface of the spinal cord?
Pia mater
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) located in relation to the arachnoid mater?
Within the subarachnoid space
How do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?
Via intervertebral foramen
What is the purpose of a lumbar puncture (spinal tap)?
To sample cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes
What is the relationship between spinal cord meninges and cranial meninges?
They are continuous with each other
What type of information does the spinocerebellar pathway provide for subconscious interpretation?
Information about body position and body movements
Where are the motor tracts that comprise motor pathways typically found?
Anterior and lateral funiculi
Which tract innervates axial skeletal muscles like those in the trunk, neck, and shoulders?
Anterior corticospinal tract
Where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate?
Medulla
Which type of pathway involves only two motor neurons: one upper motor neuron and one lower motor neuron?
Direct pathways
Where does the rubrospinal tract originate?
Midbrain
What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?
Regulates and controls fine, precise, voluntary movements in the distal parts of the upper limbs mainly
What is the role of the upper motor neuron in motor pathways?
First neuron in the chain of neurons
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What happens when a dermatome is innervated by more than one spinal nerve?
Sensation will not be affected if one of the nerves supplying the dermatome is damaged
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
Which plexus does not form on both sides of the body?
Lumbar plexus
Which nerve innervates the muscles that extend the wrist in the posterior forearm?
Radial nerve
What is the function of the median nerve in the brachial plexus?
Innervates most of the anterior forearm muscles
Which is NOT a main nerve plexus?
Thoracic plexus
Test your knowledge on dermatomes and nerve plexuses. Learn about the innervation of dermatomes by spinal nerves and the formation of nerve plexuses from anterior rami. Understand the implications of damage to specific spinal nerves.
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