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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a blue-tinged dull color due to loss of oxygenation?
What is the term for a blue-tinged dull color due to loss of oxygenation?
What is a small, raised, solid lesion less than 0.5 cm in width?
What is a small, raised, solid lesion less than 0.5 cm in width?
What is a flat, brown, purple, or red lesion less than 1 cm in width?
What is a flat, brown, purple, or red lesion less than 1 cm in width?
What is a fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5 cm in width?
What is a fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5 cm in width?
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What is a linear crack that may extend to the dermis of the skin?
What is a linear crack that may extend to the dermis of the skin?
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What is a loss of superficial epidermis that has a moist surface?
What is a loss of superficial epidermis that has a moist surface?
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What is a characteristic of atrophy?
What is a characteristic of atrophy?
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What is the term for small, red or purple macules caused by bleeding into the tissues?
What is the term for small, red or purple macules caused by bleeding into the tissues?
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What is the term for the shedding of dead keratin cells that appear dry and are white or silver in color?
What is the term for the shedding of dead keratin cells that appear dry and are white or silver in color?
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What is the term for a painful, red inflammation between the nail fold and nail plate?
What is the term for a painful, red inflammation between the nail fold and nail plate?
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What is the term for excessive body hair in females on the face, chest, arms, and legs?
What is the term for excessive body hair in females on the face, chest, arms, and legs?
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What is the term for a central depression of the nail, associated with iron deficiency?
What is the term for a central depression of the nail, associated with iron deficiency?
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Study Notes
Skin Cancer and Abnormal Findings
- Skin cancer develops in the tissue of the skin
- Pallor: loss of color due to arterial insufficiency, anemia, or decreased oxygenation of the skin
- Cyanosis: blue-tinged dull color due to loss of oxygenation
- Erythema: increased in red tones due to increased blood supply
- Jaundice: yellow skin tones
Lesions
- Macule: a flat, brown, purple, or red lesion, less than 1 cm in width (e.g., nevus)
- Patch: a flat, brown, purple, or red lesion, greater than 1 cm in width (e.g., Mongolian spot)
- Papule: a raised, solid lesion, less than 0.5 cm in width (e.g., elevated nevus)
- Plaque: a lesion formed of combined papules, larger than 1 cm in width (e.g., psoriasis)
- Nodule: a solid, elevated lesion, which can be firm or soft, less than 1-2 cm in width (e.g., fibroma)
- Tumor: a nodule greater than 2 cm in width (e.g., carcinoma of the skin)
- Vesicle: an elevated and fluid-filled lesion, less than 0.5 cm in width (e.g., contact dermatitis)
- Bulla: a vesicle larger than 0.5 cm in width (e.g., burn blister)
- Pustule: a pus-filled vesicle (e.g., acne)
- Cyst: an encapsulated fluid-filled sac (e.g., sebaceous cyst)
- Wheal: an elevated, erythematous mass with irregular borders (e.g., insect bite)
- Fissure: a linear crack that may extend to the dermis of the skin
- Erosion: a loss of superficial epidermis that has a moist surface
- Excoriation: a superficial abrasion of the epidermis
- Ulcer: a deeper depression into dermis than erosion, which is irregular in shape and scars upon healing
- Scar: a healed tissue that is replaced with connective tissue and can appear as reddened initially and later as a lightened area in light-skinned patients and an area of darkened pigmentation in dark-skinned patients
- Atrophy: thinning of skin surface leaves markings that appear translucent
- Crust: a thick, dried exudate that varies in color from red to brown, black, or tan
- Scale: shedding of dead keratin cells that appear dry and are white or silver in color
- Lichenification: thickening of skin that is a result of scratching the skin
- Petechiae: small, 1-3 mm red or purple macule caused by bleeding into the tissues
- Purpura: a patch of petechiae, usually greater than 3 mm in width
- Ecchymosis: irregular macular lesions that result from bleeding into the tissues and appear red to black in color
- Hematoma: an elevated ecchymosis
- Telangiectasias: red lines, commonly in a spider-like shape, caused by dilated blood vessels
Abnormal Nail Changes
- Paronychia: a painful, red inflammation between the nail fold and nail plate, usually caused by bacteria or fungus
- Leukonychia: white spots on the nail resulting from trauma to the nail plate
- Onycholysis: the nail separates from the nail bed and appears discolored (yellow, green, black) if a fungal infection is present or can result from nail trauma and appears white
- Clubbing: the proximal edge of the nail elevated to greater than 180 degrees associated with long-standing oxygen deprivation to the periphery
- Koilonychia: a central depression of the nail, which is associated with iron deficiency
- Beau lines: transverse depression of nail plate associated with trauma or disease
Abnormal Hair Changes
- Alopecia: patchy hair loss resulting from trauma, illness, chemotherapy, or can be idiopathic
- Folliculitis: superficial infection of hair follicles that appears as pustules, with surrounding erythema
- Head lice: nits in the hair that are best observed in the occipital area, which are small and translucent
- Tinea capitis: patchy hair loss associated with a fungal infection of the scalp
- Hirsutism: excessive body hair in females on the face, chest, arms, and legs
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Description
Test your knowledge of dermatology terms, including excoriation, ulcer, scar, atrophy, and crust. Learn to identify and explain these skin-related conditions. Improve your understanding of skin health and anatomy.
