Dermatology Quiz: Skin Conditions Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common age range that perioral dermatitis affects?

  • Puberty
  • 20-50 years old (correct)
  • Infancy
  • 60+ years old

Which of the following is a common risk factor for perioral dermatitis?

  • Fluoridated toothpaste (correct)
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Nutritional deficiencies
  • HIV

What is a characteristic physical finding of lichen planus?

  • Erythematous grouped papulopustules that may become plaques with scales (correct)
  • Greasy looking plaques with yellowish scales
  • Poorly defined erythematous patches, papules, & plaques with or without scaling
  • Yellow greasy scales on the scalp

Which of the following is a common treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

<p>Selenium sulfide shampoo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common eliciting or exacerbating factor for eczema/dermatitis?

<p>Venous insufficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of eczema/dermatitis?

<p>Dry skin and pruritus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age group affected by Stasis Dermatitis?

<blockquote> <p>50 years old (A)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Stasis Dermatitis?

<p>Coin-shaped plaques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is appropriate for severe, intractable perioral dermatitis?

<p>Oral corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Stasis Dermatitis?

<p>Removing the etiologic agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common treatment for eczema/dermatitis?

<p>Topical corticosteroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of perioral dermatitis?

<p>It spares the vermilion border of the lips. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of allergic Stasis Dermatitis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for seborrheic dermatitis?

<p>Immunosuppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location for Stasis Dermatitis to occur?

<p>Legs and upper extremities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Stasis Dermatitis presentation?

<p>Well-demarcated erythema and edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using wet dressings in Stasis Dermatitis treatment?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a systemic treatment option for severe Stasis Dermatitis?

<p>Oral prednisone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?

<p>Psoriasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with painful skin lesions that have a burning sensation. The lesions are ill-defined and coalescing, with erythematous macules and purpuric centers. The patient also reports that the lesions started on the face and thorax and are spreading symmetrically. What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with pruritic, large, tense bullae scattered in groups. The bullae do not rupture easily. The patient also reports a prior history of urticarial eruption. What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Bullous Pemphigoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common site of distribution for bullous pemphigoid?

<p>Palms and soles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a blistering skin condition that has a characteristic distribution in the axillae, medial thigh, groin, and flexor upper extremities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Bullous Pemphigoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is pathognomonic for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) and pemphigus?

<p>Nikolsky Sign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?

<p>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and systemic steroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Pityriasis Rosea?

<p>Scaling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is LEAST likely to be associated with Pityriasis Rosea?

<p>Amoxicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the distribution pattern of Pityriasis Rosea lesions?

<p>Typically presents as a single lesion, often on the trunk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Pityriasis Rosea?

<p>Lesions are typically located on the flexor surfaces of extremities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hidradenitis Suppurativa, what is the primary pathological process that leads to the formation of sinus tracts and scarring?

<p>Chronic inflammation and destruction of apocrine glands and surrounding tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature that differentiates Hidradenitis Suppurativa from Folliculitis?

<p>The tendency for Hidradenitis Suppurativa to heal with scarring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatment options is considered first-line for severe, intractable Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

<p>Surgical excision and skin grafting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is a known risk factor for developing Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

<p>A history of acne vulgaris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Hidradenitis Suppurativa, what is the significance of the reported 'spontaneous remission at > 35 y/o'?

<p>This indicates that the disease is self-limiting and often resolves with time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Adalimumab (Humira) a potential treatment option for Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

<p>It is an anti-inflammatory medication that suppresses the immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately describes the pathogenesis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

<p>The exact cause is unknown but it is theorized to be a multifactorial process involving factors such as genetics, hormones, and lifestyle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in effectively managing Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

<p>It is a chronic, often recurrent condition with limited treatment options and high rates of scarring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the typical presentation of a herald patch in pityriasis rosea?

<p>An oval, salmon-red plaque or patch with a fine, peripheral scale, typically found on the trunk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes guttate psoriasis from other types of psoriasis?

<p>Its occurrence primarily in young adults and children, often after a streptococcal infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized treatment option for pityriasis rosea?

<p>Systemic antibiotics to treat the underlying viral infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common area for the secondary eruption of pityriasis rosea?

<p>The back, often in a Christmas tree pattern. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a trigger or aggravating factor for psoriasis?

<p>Intake of large amounts of iron supplements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chronic Inflammatory Dermatitis

A long-lasting skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching.

Etiology Unknown

The exact cause of the condition is not known.

Common Age Group

Most affected individuals are over 50 years old.

Irritant Causes

Skin irritants may include chemicals like soaps and detergents.

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Allergic Triggers

Allergic reactions can occur from nickel, jewelry, or plants.

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Symptoms of Dermatitis

Symptoms include itching, burning, and coin-shaped plaques.

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Treatment for Dermatitis

Common treatments include moisturizers and topical steroids.

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PUVA and UVB Therapy

Phototherapy options using UV light for severe cases.

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Acute Inflammation

A sudden inflammatory response often due to an adverse reaction.

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Erythematous Patch

A red, inflamed area on the skin that can be solitary or multiple.

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4 P’s of Symptoms

The characteristics: Papule, Purple, Polygonal, and Pruritic.

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Common Causes

Drugs like TCN, Sulfa, NSAIDs, and food coloring can trigger reactions.

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Treatment Options

Options include discontinuting the drug and using topical or oral steroids.

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Eczema

A chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin.

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Venous Insufficiency

A condition where veins don't efficiently return blood from the legs to the heart, related to eczema symptoms.

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Atopic Dermatitis

A type of eczema commonly seen in infants, characterized by dry skin and itchiness.

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Treatment for Eczema

Includes avoiding scratching, using emollients, and applying topical corticosteroids.

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Triggers of Eczema Flare-ups

Includes inhalants, foods, and emotional stress that can worsen symptoms.

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Seborrheic Dermatitis

A skin condition leading to red, flaky patches, often on the scalp and face, resembling dandruff.

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Physical Exam of Seborrheic Dermatitis

Characteristic findings include greasy scales and red plaques, especially in hair-bearing areas.

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Perioral Dermatitis

A skin condition with red papules around the mouth, spares the vermillion border.

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Lichen Planus

An inflammatory condition presenting as itchy, flat-topped purple lesions on the skin.

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Management of Perioral Dermatitis

Involves discontinuing steroids and using topical metronidazole or erythromycin.

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Guttate Psoriasis

A type of psoriasis characterized by drop-like, red lesions, often following a strep infection.

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Herald Patch

An oval, salmon-red plaque 2-5 cm, often the first sign of a skin rash.

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Christmas Tree Pattern

A fine scaling of papules and patches in a pattern resembling a Christmas tree.

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HSV Reactivation

Guttate psoriasis can occur due to the reactivation of HSV-7 & HSV-6.

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Treatment for Guttate Psoriasis

Includes antihistamines, topical steroids, and UVB phototherapy.

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Management of SJS/TEN

Treat patients with severe mucocutaneous reactions by admitting to ICU or burn center.

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SJS vs TEN

SJS involves <10% epidermal detachment; TEN involves >30% detachment.

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Mucous Membrane Involvement

90% of the time, mucous membranes are affected in SJS/TEN.

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Risk Factors for SJS/TEN

Higher incidence in HIV, active cancer; often drug-induced.

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Presentation of Symptoms

Symptoms usually appear 4 days to 4 weeks after drug exposure.

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Nikolsky Sign

Ability to extend sloughing by lateral pressure on uninvolved skin.

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Bullous Pemphigoid

Autoimmune disease in elderly presenting with pruritic, tense bullae.

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Treatment for Bullous Pemphigoid

Treated with oral or topical steroids and immunosuppressives.

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Folliculitis

Inflammation or infection of superficial hair follicles, often seen in males.

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Common Etiology

Most common cause is Staphylococcus aureus; hot tubs may lead to pseudomonas infection.

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Risk Factors for Folliculitis

Includes prolonged antibiotic use, topical corticosteroids, and hot tubs exposure.

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Presentation of Folliculitis

Characterized by perifollicular papules/pustules with surrounding redness, often itchy.

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Benzoyl Peroxide Wash

Topical treatment for folliculitis that can bleach fabrics.

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Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Chronic skin condition causing painful lumps and abscesses in specific areas like armpits.

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Pathogenesis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Follicle plugging leads to inflammation, bacterial growth, and possible scarring.

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Treatment Options for Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Includes steroids, surgery, and medications like Adalimumab for severe cases.

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Study Notes

Skin Cell Formation

  • Keratinocytes divide in the deepest (basal) layer
  • Cells move up in the dermis, changing shape and composition
  • Keratin proteins and lipids form a matrix that protects the skin and gives it strength
  • The outermost layer of skin cells die and shed off from the skin, a process called desquamation

Diagnosis Criteria (CLAMPS TN)

  • Color: Describes the lesion's color
  • Location/distribution: Extent and pattern of the lesions
  • Arrangement: Grouped or disseminated and whether confluence occurs
  • Margination: Well-defined or ill-defined borders
  • Palpation: Consistency, temperature, mobility, tenderness, and depth of the lesion
  • Shape: The lesion's form
  • Type: Examples include papule, macule, or pustule
  • Number: Single or multiple lesions and count

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