Derecho

A historical phenomenon adapting norms over time and location, governed by societal values. It's a system of rules guiding social behavior.

The set of legal rules themselves.

The rights and abilities a person has under the law.

The study of legal rules.

Ancient Roman legal system, influential on many modern legal systems.

A legal rule or principle.

The punishment for not following legal rules.

Use of force or threat to assure compliance with laws.

The view that law is solely created by the legislature, and legal interpretation is entirely based on the explicit text of the law without regard to ethics or values.

The renewed emphasis on natural law principles after World War II, inspired by the atrocities of the Nazi regime and a desire to emphasize fundamental moral rights.

A legal theory which studies law in relation to societal impact and values; it considers law as a combination of positive rules and underlying values.

Legal theory emphasizing that law's aim is to protect social interests, balancing individual and collective interests, by influencing the study of law so that it accounts for this aim

A legal interpretation approach that analyzes the interests a law seeks to protect and how it resolves conflicts among various interests when deciding a law.

The process of determining the meaning and application of legal rules.

The use of force or the threat of force by the state to enforce laws and satisfy social interests.

Judges must interpret and apply the law according to the legislator's intentions, not their personal opinions.

Branch of law dealing with the state's relationship with its citizens and other states.

Establishes fundamental principles of a state, including rights of citizens.

Governs how public administration operates and its relationship with citizens.

Regulates interactions between states and other entities.

Deals with court processes and legal procedures.

Authority of a court to hear and decide cases.

Steps involved in a legal case from start to finish.

The legal method for resolving disputes or enforcing rights.

Branch of law that regulates the status of religious groups in relation to the state.

Branch of law that regulates private relationships between individuals, concerning everyday life.

Fundamental rights inherent to all individuals, like life, dignity, nationality.

Branch of law that regulates business activities, including trade and transactions.

Regulates the relationship between employers and employees, covering both individual and collective aspects.

General law establishes foundational principles; special law pertains to specific issues or groups.

Fundamental right allowing individuals and groups to express their beliefs without state interference.

Principle that the state does not favor any specific religion.

Law used when a specific law doesn't apply.

Specific laws addressing particular subjects, like commercial or maritime law.

Law applicable nationally. Civil law is commonly applied nationally.

Law only applicable to specific regions, like regional or local laws.

Laws made by the national government, often used as supplemental when a region has no specific laws.

Laws created by regional governments.

Matters the national government has sole authority to regulate.

National laws providing general principles for the laws of constituent regions.

The power of the government to make decisions and set policy.

Unwritten laws developed through repeated social practices considered obligatory by a community.

A norm that arises from social practice and is considered obligatory by the community.

A law that is used only when another, more specific law isn't available.

Provable regular practice of a social conduct, in a manner that is lasting, continuous, and uniform.

The idea that participants in a social custom believe they have a legal duty to uphold it.

A custom established for cases not covered by law, filling legal gaps without contradicting existing laws.

Custom's attributes: autonomous, subsidiary, limited, secondary; it needs to be proven and applied only when there is no statutory law relevant or if it doesn't violate public order and good morals.