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Questions and Answers
What is a primary use of impression plaster type 1?
What is a primary use of impression plaster type 1?
Dental stone type 3 is used primarily for orthodontic models.
Dental stone type 3 is used primarily for orthodontic models.
True
What chemical compound represents gypsum?
What chemical compound represents gypsum?
CaSO4*2H2O
The term for the process wherein gypsum is heated to convert it to calcium sulfate hemihydrate is called ___.
The term for the process wherein gypsum is heated to convert it to calcium sulfate hemihydrate is called ___.
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Match the type of gypsum product with its corresponding characteristic usage:
Match the type of gypsum product with its corresponding characteristic usage:
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Which of the following is a common accelerator used in gypsum products?
Which of the following is a common accelerator used in gypsum products?
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Alginate is a reversible hydrocolloid material used for final impressions.
Alginate is a reversible hydrocolloid material used for final impressions.
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What type of gypsum product is characterized by a very fine particle size and high strength?
What type of gypsum product is characterized by a very fine particle size and high strength?
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The expansion that occurs when gypsum is in contact with water is referred to as ___ expansion.
The expansion that occurs when gypsum is in contact with water is referred to as ___ expansion.
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Which type of gypsum is used as luting agents for intraoral procedures?
Which type of gypsum is used as luting agents for intraoral procedures?
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What is the primary use of Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)?
What is the primary use of Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)?
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The incisive papilla is located at the posterior part of the maxillary ridge.
The incisive papilla is located at the posterior part of the maxillary ridge.
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What is another name for the bite registration material?
What is another name for the bite registration material?
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The __________ must be rigid for effective occlusal registration in dentures.
The __________ must be rigid for effective occlusal registration in dentures.
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Which of the following is not an edentulous landmark?
Which of the following is not an edentulous landmark?
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Match the following edentulous landmarks with their descriptions:
Match the following edentulous landmarks with their descriptions:
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The posterior palatal seal area is located at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
The posterior palatal seal area is located at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
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The __________ notch is located distal to the maxillary tuberosity.
The __________ notch is located distal to the maxillary tuberosity.
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What is the primary structure indicated by the term sulcus in edentulous terms?
What is the primary structure indicated by the term sulcus in edentulous terms?
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What are retromolar pads?
What are retromolar pads?
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Which of the following is the first step in the denture fabrication process?
Which of the following is the first step in the denture fabrication process?
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The cuspid line is used to determine the mould selection for posterior teeth.
The cuspid line is used to determine the mould selection for posterior teeth.
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What is the purpose of a bite block in denture fabrication?
What is the purpose of a bite block in denture fabrication?
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The _____ is the position of the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa.
The _____ is the position of the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa.
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Match the following components of denture fabrication with their descriptions:
Match the following components of denture fabrication with their descriptions:
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What is the correct position of the long axis for premolars during denture setup?
What is the correct position of the long axis for premolars during denture setup?
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Bone resorption occurs immediately after tooth loss and then slows down over time.
Bone resorption occurs immediately after tooth loss and then slows down over time.
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What determines the aesthetics of a complete denture?
What determines the aesthetics of a complete denture?
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The vertical dimension of rest (VDR) measures the separation when the mandible is at _____ and the lips are closed.
The vertical dimension of rest (VDR) measures the separation when the mandible is at _____ and the lips are closed.
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Which of the following options correctly identifies a long-term effect of tooth loss?
Which of the following options correctly identifies a long-term effect of tooth loss?
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Study Notes
Denture Materials and Procedures
- Gypsum products are calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O)
- Impression plaster (Type 1):
- Used for taking impressions
- Needs to be free of undercuts for rigidity
- Acts as a luting agent for intraoral arch pin tracers
- Gypsum is heated to lose 3 water molecules to form calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO₄·½H₂O)
- Water evaporates exothermically to form Beta hemihydrate
- Used for preliminary casts
- Model plaster (Type 2):
- Used for preliminary casts
- Rough particles
- Dental stone (Types 3 and 4):
- Contains modifiers to control setting time and expansion
- Distinguishable from plaster by color
- Dehydrated in calcium chloride solution for smoother crystals
- Used for master casts, removable prosthodontics (dentures, implants), and orthodontics
- Dental gypsum (Type 5):
- Die stones, high strength
- Very fine particle size
- Used for investments
- May include binder addition to increase strength for turbulent alloy
- Accelerators:
- Potassium sulfate, salt, warm water
- Retardants:
- Borax, sodium citrate, slurry water
- Setting expansion:
- Between 0.1-0.3%
- Can increase if submerged in water (hygroscopic expansion)
- Impression Materials:
- Alginate (preliminary)
- Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) (final)
- Bite registration material
- Alginate:
- Elastic, irreversible hydrocolloid
- Used in removable cases needing less accuracy
- Impression handling: disinfection
Laboratory Handling of Impressions
- Impression disinfection
- Rinse and inspect for distortions and voids
- Pour with stone or plaster
- Trim (excess)
- Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS):
- Extra light, light, heavy body
- Hydrophilic material
- Used for relines, rebases, and tooth additions
- Bite registration material:
- Extremely rigid
- Used for recording vertical dimensions
- Known as blue mousse
Terminology and Landmarks
- Maxillary (upper jaw) landmarks:
- Residual ridge (alveolar ridge)
- Mid-palatine raphe (midline)
- Incisive papilla
- Rugae
- Maxillary tuberosity
- Hamular notch
- Palatine fovea
- Frenum:
- Muscle attachment from ridge to facial tissue
- Mandibular (lower jaw) landmarks:
- Frenum
- Ridge to lingual/labial
- Sulcus (vestibule)
- Retromolar pads
- Buccal shelf
- Retromylohyoid ridge
Denture Set-up
- Arranging artificial teeth on the arch, simulating the tissue and palatal area
- Acrylization process (turning plaster to plastic)
- Occlusal plane positioning from occlusal rims
- Midline establishment through opposing arch
- Canine line determination using opposing arch
- Shade selection, overjet, and overbite
- Lateral incisors (shorter than central)
- Canines are straight, positioned at the corners of the mouth
- Necks of canines are more facial
Posterior and Anterior
- First (premolars) are set up first, then second (premolars), then first molars (post) then second molars (pre)
- Long axis of teeth is positioned perpendicular to the plane of occlusion
- Lingual and buccal cusp placement
- Long axis of molars is perpendicular to the plane of occlusion
- Mesial buccal cusps of 1st molar placed in the buccal groove of the lower 6 and 2nd in lower7
- Steps of denture fabrication:
- De-articulate, investing (flasking), wax elimination (boil-out) ,packing, polymerization, de-flask, trim, and polish
- Result of tooth loss: mesial drift, bone resorption, loss of alveolar ridge
Bite Registration and Vertical Dimension
- Bite block is needed for recreating centric occlusion
- Point of contact of occlusal surfaces on posterior teeth
- Position of mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa
- Midline
- Cuspid line
- Vertical dimension of occlusion
- Vertical dimension at rest
- Vertical separation of maxilla and mandible when teeth are in occlusion; max intercuspation
- High lip line (smile) position, Low lip line (rest) position
- Ridge of acrylic in the intaglio surface of the denture
- Custom tray for measuring:
- 6mm from center of ridge line to the mesial retromolar pad
- 45-degree angle at incisal papilla (maxilla)
- 90-degree angle at center of ridge line (mandible)
- Length = 18mm , Width = 10mm, Thickness = 6mm
- Timer for 4mins place again for 1 min, then 2mm away from sulcus line after
- Final W 15mm,L 10mm,D 4mm
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Description
This quiz covers the types of gypsum products used in dentistry, focusing on their properties and applications. Learn about impression plasters, dental stones, and the specific functions of each type in dental procedures. Testing your knowledge on these essential materials will aid in understanding their role in prosthodontics.
