Polysulfide Impression Material: Hydrophobic Properties & Viscosity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of impression material is the only one that presents a hydrophilic character?

Polyether (correct)

Condensation Silicone

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone)

Polysulfide

What is the setting time range for medium viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

2-4 minutes

3-6 minutes (correct)

4-6.5 minutes

6-8 minutes

Which impression material has a tearing strength between 1800-4800 N/m?

Condensation Silicone

Polyether

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) (correct)

Polysulfide

What is the contraction percentage after 24 hours for high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

0.19-0.24% Signup and view all the answers

Which impression material has a contact angle of 82º?

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) Signup and view all the answers

What is the auto-mixing characteristic of high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

NO Signup and view all the answers

Which impression material has the highest hardness value?

Polysulfide Signup and view all the answers

Which impression material has the potential for maximum distortion while removing from the mouth?

Condensation Silicone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of impression material is associated with the by-product after the setting reaction?

Polysulfite Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of A-type silicone impression material in terms of dimensional stability and elastic recovery?

High dimensional stability and low elastic recovery Signup and view all the answers

In which situations can polyether impression material be preferred depending on its rigidity?

For impressions requiring high rigidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific topic of the course taught by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özay Önöral?

Impression materials in fixed prostheses Signup and view all the answers

Which book is referenced for the course taught by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özay Önöral?

Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 6th Edition Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the course on Impression Materials in Fixed Prostheses?

100 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific learning outcome related to elastomeric impression materials?

Classify elastomeric impression materials and make case-specific choices Signup and view all the answers

'Defend the selection' is associated with which specific learning outcome?

Classify elastomeric impression materials and make case-specific choices Signup and view all the answers

'Associate the dimensional stability with the by-product after the setting reaction' is a specific learning outcome related to which type of impression material?

'Polysulfite' Signup and view all the answers

'Define in which situations it can be preferred depending on its rigidity' is a specific learning outcome related to which type of impression material?

'Polyether' Signup and view all the answers

What causes the excessive shrinkage of condensation silicones?

Release of ethyl alcohol as a by-product during setting reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fillers in condensation silicones?

To reduce the viscosity and modify the physical properties Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material is recommended to cover hard and soft tissue surfaces with a surface-active spray before the impression process?

Addition Silicone Signup and view all the answers

Which material among elastomeric impression materials shows the best elastic recovery feature?

Addition Silicone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of silicone composition releases hydrogen gas as a by-product when reacting with moisture in the medium?

Addition Silicone Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material requires the use of an individualized tray and tray adhesive?

Condensation Silicone Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material is not recommended to be contacted with latex and rubber-dam due to its contamination with sulfur compounds?

Condensation Silicone Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes addition silicone different from condensation silicones in terms of setting reaction by-products?

It does not release any by-products Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material has a wide viscosity option and is suitable for taking impressions with a prefabricated tray?

Addition Silicone Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material can be stored for several weeks and poured again?

Addition Silicone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of elastic recovery in impression materials?

To maintain dimensional accuracy during impression removal Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of elastomeric impression materials allows them to record surface details very clearly compared to hydrocolloids?

Hydrophilic character Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of contact angle and wettability in the performance of impression materials?

To affect fluidity and precision of the impression Signup and view all the answers

In elastomeric impression materials, what is the significance of viscosity?

It impacts the working time/set time ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes hydrophilic materials preferable for impression recording?

Low contact angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the lead dioxide in the catalyst paste of polysulfide impression materials?

To control the setting reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which property allows thixotropic materials to remain stable when applied to the tooth surface with an injector?

Low fluidity under gravity Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes polyvinyl siloxane and polyether as the most preferred elastomeric impression materials today?

Better dimensional stability and accuracy Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes polysulfide suitable for creating impressions in the presence of saliva and blood?

Low-medium hydrophilicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tear strength in elastomeric impression materials?

To capture a subgingival margin Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the contact angle and wettability in impression materials?

It determines the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character and accuracy of the measurement Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lead dioxide in the catalyst paste of polysulfide impression materials?

To control the setting reaction Signup and view all the answers

What makes polysulfide impression materials suitable for creating impressions in the presence of saliva and blood?

Low-medium hydrophilicity Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes polyvinyl siloxane from polyether in terms of their setting reaction by-products?

Polyvinyl siloxane releases water as a by-product, while polyether does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the fillers in condensation silicones?

To increase resistance and provide proper viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific feature of thixotropic impression materials that allows them to remain stable when applied to the tooth surface with an injector?

Low fluidity under gravity but high fluidity under pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the flexibility of elastomeric impression materials?

Ease of removal from the mouth after setting Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes silicone-polyether hybrid material (vinyl polyether silicone) from other elastomeric impression materials?

It has not yet found widespread use Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of silicone elastomers used in dentistry?

Polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone, and polyether Signup and view all the answers

What are the prominent features of A-type silicone impression material in terms of dimensional stability and elastic recovery?

Dimensional stability and elastic recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material is recommended for creating impressions in the presence of saliva and blood?

Polysulfide impression material Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of lead dioxide in the catalyst paste of polysulfide impression materials?

To accelerate the setting reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the contact angle of the high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

82º Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fillers in condensation silicones?

To control the flow properties Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material has the potential for maximum distortion while removing from the mouth?

Hydrocolloid impression material Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraction percentage after 24 hours for medium viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

0.2% Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material is not recommended to be contacted with latex and rubber-dam due to its contamination with sulfur compounds?

Polysulfide impression material Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific learning outcome related to elastomeric impression materials?

Use the terminology for the impression procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific topic of the course taught by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özay Önöral?

Impression Materials in Fixed Prostheses Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main reasons for the weak dimensional stability of condensation silicones?

Cross-linking continues even after the curing reaction, resulting in increased shrinkage of the material, and water is released as a by-product in the hardening reaction, causing mass loss of the material. Signup and view all the answers

What is the setting reaction by-product of addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane)?

The addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) setting reaction does not have any by-products. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the base paste in polyether impression material?

The base paste of polyether impression material contains ethylene oxide copolymer and silica filler. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the catalyst paste in polyether impression material?

The catalyst paste of polyether impression material contains aromatic sulfonic acid ester, silica filler, oil, and plasticizer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fillers in the condensation silicones?

The fillers in the condensation silicones control the viscosity, ensure the integrity of the material, and modify the physical properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended waiting time before pouring plaster into addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) impressions?

It is recommended to wait at least 30 minutes before pouring plaster into addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) impressions. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to cover hard and soft tissue surfaces with a surface-active spray before taking an impression with addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane)?

Covering hard and soft tissue surfaces with a surface-active spray before taking an impression with addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) is recommended to save the surface details more clearly and to eliminate the disadvantage due to the hydrophobic character of the material. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of the addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) composition?

The addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) composition consists of base paste polymethyl-hydro siloxane and divinylpolysiloxane, and the catalyst contains divinylpolysiloxane and platinum salt as an activator. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tin compound in the catalyst paste of condensation silicones?

The tin compound in the catalyst paste of condensation silicones acts as an activator for cross-linking between tetrafunctional alkyl silicates and polydimethylsiloxane, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific learning outcome associated with the selection of polyether impression material?

'Defend the selection' is associated with the specific learning outcome related to the selection of polyether impression material. Signup and view all the answers

Which elastomeric impression material is the only one that presents a hydrophilic character?

Polyether Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lead dioxide in the catalyst paste of polysulfide impression materials?

To accelerate the setting reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of contact angle and wettability in the performance of impression materials?

They affect the accuracy of the impressions Signup and view all the answers

What causes the excessive shrinkage of condensation silicones?

Release of by-products during the setting reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which impression material has the highest hardness value?

Polysulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is the setting time range for medium viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

4-6.5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the auto-mixing characteristic of high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material?

NO Signup and view all the answers

In which situations can polyether impression material be preferred depending on its rigidity?

When recording impressions in the presence of saliva and blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the fillers in condensation silicones?

To control the viscosity Signup and view all the answers

In elastomeric impression materials, what is the significance of viscosity?

It affects the flow and detail reproduction Signup and view all the answers

List the properties of polysulfite impression material, associate the dimensional stability with the by-product after the setting reaction.

polysulfide Signup and view all the answers

List the properties of ______ impression material, define its existing forms, associate the dimensional stability with the by-product after the setting reaction.

C-type silicone Signup and view all the answers

List the properties of ______ impression material, explain the prominent features of the material in terms of dimensional stability and elastic recovery, and define its existing forms.

A-type silicone Signup and view all the answers

List the properties of the ______ impression material, explain the prominent features of the material in terms of dimensional stability and elastic recovery, define in which situations it can be preferred depending on its rigidity and present its existing forms.

polyether Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the course on Impression Materials in Fixed Prostheses?

100 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Committee?

Fixed Prosthetic Restorations Signup and view all the answers

What is the Topic of the Course?

Impression Materials in Fixed Prostheses Signup and view all the answers

What is the Course ID Code of Committee?

CS-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the book?

Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 6th Edition. Signup and view all the answers

Who is the Lecturer?

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özay Önöral Signup and view all the answers

In the hardening reaction, ______ is released as a by-product and causes mass loss of the material.

water Signup and view all the answers

The filler in the catalyst paste of condensation silicones contains an alkyl silicate, the cross-linking agent, and the tin compound acting as an ______.

activator Signup and view all the answers

When two pastes of addition silicones are mixed, the platinum acts as a ______, and the addition (addition type) reaction begins.

catalyst Signup and view all the answers

Polyether impression material contains ethylene oxide copolymer and silica filler in the ______ tube.

big Signup and view all the answers

The platinum salt in the catalyst of addition silicones acts as an ______.

activator Signup and view all the answers

The large tube of polyether impression material is a base and contains ethylene oxide copolymer and ______ filler.

silica Signup and view all the answers

The small tube of polyether impression material is a catalyst and contains aromatic sulfonic acid ester, silica filler, oil, and ______ that all initiate crosslinking.

plasticizer (phthalate) Signup and view all the answers

The residual polymethyl hydroxy siloxane in addition silicones reacts secondarily with moisture in the medium and produces ______ gas.

hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

A less hydrophobic material with improved wettability has been developed in addition silicones by introducing nonionic surfactants to reduce ______.

hydrophobic character Signup and view all the answers

The high viscosity of addition silicones allows for the transfer of some of the mixture to the injector, resulting in more accurate impressions by injecting the material directly into the relevant region before placing the ______ in the mouth.

tray Signup and view all the answers

It is a mono-phase impression material that generally uses a single viscosity material. It has high accuracy and dimensional stability. Elastic recovery is good. When it sets, it has high rigidity and it is difficult to remove it, especially in the presence of an undercut. It gives surface details very clearly. There is no need to make an individualized tray; Impressions are taken with a non-perforated prefabricated tray, and spoon adhesive should be used. Its cost is higher than other elastomeric materials. The impression material described in the text is a _______ impression material.

monophasic Signup and view all the answers

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) has a setting time range for medium viscosity of _ to _ minutes.

4-6.5 Signup and view all the answers

The contraction percentage after 24 hours for high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is _ to _ %.

0.19-0.24 Signup and view all the answers

The tearing strength of Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is between _ to _ N/m.

1800-4800 Signup and view all the answers

Polyether impression material is recommended to cover hard and soft tissue surfaces with a surface-active spray before the impression process, especially in the presence of an undercut. This is due to its _____ characteristic.

rigidity Signup and view all the answers

The specific learning outcome 'Associate the dimensional stability with the by-product after the setting reaction' is related to _____ impression material.

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) Signup and view all the answers

The elastomeric impression material that is the only one that presents a hydrophilic character is _____ material.

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) Signup and view all the answers

The elastomeric impression material that has the potential for maximum distortion while removing from the mouth is _____ material.

Polyether Signup and view all the answers

The auto-mixing characteristic of high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is _____.

YES Signup and view all the answers

Polysulfide impression material has a tearing strength of _ to _ N/m.

2500-7000 Signup and view all the answers

Elastic recovery: It is the ability to return the impression material to its original size without distortion during removal from the mouth. For the impression material not to be distorted, its minimum thickness should be 3-4 times the ______ depth.

undercut Signup and view all the answers

Dimensional accuracy: How closely the impression material reproduces the details of the patient’s mouth. Dimensional stability: It is the feature that the accuracy of the material does not change over time. It is the percentage of shrinkage or expansion of the material. Some materials have a longer time, with a poured cast remaining accurate up to two weeks, whereas others last just two hours or less. It is an essential consideration depending on how soon a cast will poured. Contact angle and wettability: The angle formed between the tangent line of the drop formed by the liquid on the solid surface and the solid surface is called the contact angle. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic character (Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity): If the material is hydrophilic in character, it shows fluidity in a humid environment and can be worked comfortably, thus giving an accurate measurement. While hydrophilic materials show a low contact angle, hydrophobic materials have a contact angle greater than 90º. Hydrophilic materials record the surface with high precision and create fewer air bubbles during gypsum model obtainment due to their wettability properties. Fluidity and thixotropic property: Wettability and fluidity allow the material to give fine details. Materials with low wetting angles have more fluidity, are less affected by oral fluids, and give a clearer impression. The thixotropic feature is that the material has low fluidity under gravity but high fluidity under pressure. Thixotropic materials remain stable when applied to the tooth surface with an injector, but when they come on materials with a dense consistency, they show fluidity towards the sulcus. Viscosity: The viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to fluidity. The low viscosity material gives good detail, but the material cannot support itself. Therefore, it is not recommended to be used alone, it should be used with a higher viscosity material. Flexibility: Ease of removal from the mouth after setting. If the material is stiff, it is considered less flexible. Ease of handling: The “how it works in my hands” characteristic inherent in how clinicians choose dental materials. Features that affect ease of handling include viscosity and the ______ time/set time ratio. Near East University, Faculty of Dentistry 3 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özay ÖNÖRAL Tear strength: Likelihood of tearing when removed from the patient’s mouth. Materials with high tear strength are essential for an impression to capture a subgingival margin. ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS Elastomeric impression materials are cross-linked polymers that show flexible properties when hardened. These materials stand out with their properties such as good accuracy and dimensional stability, and record surface details very clearly compared to hydrocolloids. There are 4 types of silicone elastomers: polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone, and polyether. Polysulfide is the first elastomeric impression material used in dentistry (1950). In the following years, condensation silicones (1955), polyether (1965), and polyvinyl siloxane (1975) entered the dental market. The most preferred materials today are polyvinyl siloxane and polyether. Silicon-polyether hybrid material (vinyl polyether silicone) (2009) which has been recently developed has not yet found widespread use. Elastomeric impression materials consist of base and catalyst pastes. They have different density options (extralow, low, medium, high, very high [putty]) with respect to the amount of filler they contain. Materials with different densities can be preferred according to their intended use. Low-density material gives a more detailed Near East University, Faculty of Dentistry 4 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özay ÖNÖRAL and clear impression, but polymerization shrinkage during hardening is higher. Low and high-density materials can be used in combination. Polysulfide Composition: It is available in two paste forms, base and catalyst. The base paste contains poly-sulfide polymer, a filler (titanium dioxide) to increase resistance, a plasticizer to provide proper viscosity, and 0.5% sulfur as an accelerator. The catalyst paste contains lead dioxide, filler, a plasticizer, and oleic or stearic acid as retarders to control the setting reaction. The base paste is white, while the catalyst paste is brown, which is the characteristic color of the lead dioxide. The contrasting colors of the pastes help to understand that they are mixed homogeneously. Setting reaction: When the two pastes are mixed, the terminal groups of the polymer chain react with lead dioxide and cross-linking occurs by extending the chain. In each reaction step, a water molecule appears as a byproduct, which weakens the dimensional stability of the material. As the chain elongation continues, the viscosity increases. When the crosslinking reaches a certain level, the material begins to show elastic properties. Characteristics: It is low-medium hydrophilic; can give the correct impression in the presence of saliva and blood. Tear resistance is high.

working Signup and view all the answers

Elastomeric impression materials are cross-linked polymers that show flexible properties when hardened. These materials stand out with their properties such as good accuracy and dimensional stability, and record surface details very clearly compared to ______.

hydrocolloids Signup and view all the answers

There are 4 types of silicone elastomers: polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone, and ______.

polyether Signup and view all the answers

Polysulfide is the first elastomeric impression material used in dentistry (1950). In the following years, condensation silicones (1955), ______ (1965), and polyvinyl siloxane (1975) entered the dental market.

polyether Signup and view all the answers

The most preferred materials today are polyvinyl siloxane and ______.

polyether Signup and view all the answers

Elastomeric impression materials consist of base and catalyst pastes. They have different density options (extralow, low, medium, high, very high ______) with respect to the amount of filler they contain.

putty Signup and view all the answers

Low-density material gives a more detailed and clear impression, but polymerization shrinkage during hardening is higher. Low and high-density materials can be used in ______.

combination Signup and view all the answers

The base paste contains poly-sulfide polymer, a filler (titanium dioxide) to increase resistance, a plasticizer to provide proper viscosity, and 0.5% sulfur as an ______.

accelerator Signup and view all the answers

The catalyst paste contains lead dioxide, filler, a plasticizer, and oleic or stearic acid as ______ to control the setting reaction.

retarders Signup and view all the answers

When the two pastes are mixed, the terminal groups of the polymer chain react with lead dioxide and cross-linking occurs by extending the chain. In each reaction step, a water molecule appears as a ______, which weakens the dimensional stability of the material.

byproduct Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Impression Materials

Hydrophilic character is presented only by Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material.
The setting time range for medium viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is 5 to 15 minutes.
The tearing strength of Polyether impression material is between 1800-4800 N/m.
The contraction percentage after 24 hours for high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is 0.15 to 0.25%.
Polyether impression material has a contact angle of 82º.
High viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material has an auto-mixing characteristic.
Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material has the highest hardness value.
Polyether impression material has the potential for maximum distortion while removing from the mouth.
Condensation silicone impression material is associated with the by-product after the setting reaction.
A-type silicone impression material has a prominent feature of dimensional stability and elastic recovery.

Polyether Impression Material

Polyether impression material can be preferred in situations depending on its rigidity.
The specific learning outcome related to polyether impression material is to "define in which situations it can be preferred depending on its rigidity".
Polyether impression material is recommended for creating impressions in the presence of saliva and blood.

Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) Impression Material

The contact angle of high viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is 70º.
The primary function of fillers in condensation silicones is to reduce the contraction of the material.
Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material has the potential for maximum distortion while removing from the mouth.
The contraction percentage after 24 hours for medium viscosity Polyvinyl Siloxane (Addition Silicone) impression material is 0.1 to 0.2%.

Course Information

The specific topic of the course taught by Assoc.Prof.Dr.Özay Önöral is Impression Materials in Fixed Prostheses.
The referenced book is not specified.
The duration of the course on Impression Materials in Fixed Prostheses is not specified.
The specific learning outcome related to elastomeric impression materials is to "defend the selection".

Elastomeric Impression Materials

The primary function of elastic recovery in impression materials is to allow the material to return to its original shape after removal from the mouth.
The feature of elastomeric impression materials that allows them to record surface details very clearly compared to hydrocolloids is their ability to reproduce detailed surface anatomy.
The role of contact angle and wettability in the performance of impression materials is to facilitate the flow of the material into the tooth surface and surrounding tissues.
The significance of viscosity in elastomeric impression materials is to determine the flow and handling characteristics of the material.
Hydrophilic materials are preferable for impression recording because they have improved wettability and can flow more easily into the tooth surface and surrounding tissues.

Condensation Silicones

The excessive shrinkage of condensation silicones is caused by the release of hydrogen gas as a by-product when reacting with moisture in the medium.
The function of fillers in condensation silicones is to reduce the contraction of the material.
The two main reasons for the weak dimensional stability of condensation silicones are the release of hydrogen gas as a by-product and the contraction of the material.

Addition Silicones

The setting reaction by-product of addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) is not specified.
The primary purpose of fillers in condensation silicones is to reduce the contraction of the material.
The recommended waiting time before pouring plaster into addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) impressions is not specified.
It is important to cover hard and soft tissue surfaces with a surface-active spray before taking an impression with addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) to facilitate the flow of the material into the tooth surface and surrounding tissues.
The two main components of the addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane) composition are not specified.