Dentistry Facts

• Digoxin increases salivation and the gag reflex.
• An angulated impression coping is used in open tray impressions.
• A parallel impression coping is used in closed tray impressions.
• Extracted teeth with amalgam restorations should be stored in 10% formalin for 2 weeks.
• Bulimia nervosa causes erosion on the palatal and lingual surfaces of teeth.
• A chalazion clamp can be used during lip biopsies.
• Type I allergic reactions are immediate, IgE mediated.
• Type IV allergic reactions are delayed (2nd day), T cells mediated.
• Feeling of a seed stuck between teeth after crown insertion indicates a tight contact.
• Crown thickness is measured using an Iwanson caliper.
• Intra-occlusal space required for screw retained restorations is 4mm, for cemented restorations is 7-8mm.
• Splinting of lateral luxation requires 4 weeks with a non-rigid splint.
• Recap needle technique involves a scoop technique.
• The main component of gutta percha is 70% zinc oxide.
• Etching with 10% polyacrylic acid for 20 seconds improves GIC bond strength.
• Accessory canals are most commonly found in the middle third of the root (60%), followed by the apical (24%) and cervical (15%) regions.
• Resorbable sealer is ZOE (zinc oxide eugenol).
• Small file extending beyond the apex indicates file patency.
• Hutchinson's incisors are associated with syphilis.
• Frankfort plane is defined by the porion and orbitale.
• Fibrous dysplasia has a ground glass appearance on radiographs.
• Gemination results in a normal tooth count.
• Fusion results in one tooth missing.
• Grade I enamel projections are treated with odontoplasty.
• Increased amalgam retention is achieved via convergent walls.
• Prickle cells are associated with pemphigus.
• Prolonged APTT and prolonged bleeding time are associated with von Willebrand disease.
• A bald tongue is associated with exfoliative cytology.

Sign & Symptoms

• Sign of mandible fracture causes problem in occlusion.
• Deep isolated pockets are associated with vertical root fractures (VRF).
• Renal transplant patients should defer elective dental treatment until 6 months after transplantation.
• The force needed for intrusion is 10-20 N.
• A waterline bacteria count of 500 takes 20-30 seconds to measure.
• Steroid use increases blood glucose levels.
• Anti-SSA is used to diagnose Sjogren's syndrome.
• Marquis probes have 3mm sections.
• The UNC 15 probe has 15mm marks at 5, 10, and 15mm.
• The University of Michigan "O" probe with Williams markings has markings at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10mm.
• The Michigan "O" probe has markings at 3, 6 and 8mm.
• The WHO probe has a 0.5mm ball and markings at 3.5, 5.5, 8.5, and 11.5 mm with color coding at 3.5 and 5.5mm.
• An adverse effect of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) is xerostomia.
• Procaine has a high incidence of allergic reactions.
• The king of fracture refers to an upper 4 fracture.
• Orifice canals are located using an explorer DG16.
• The minimum distance for an external hexagon implant is 7mm.
• Peg laterals occur at the bell stage of tooth development.
• Resistance to horizontal force is stability.
• TB dye is Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
• HIV patients with lesions on the palate may have Kaposi sarcoma.
• TB involving cervical lymph nodes is called scrofula.
• The function of the posterior palatal seal is retention.
• Class III Kennedy classification has no indirect retainer.
• Full mouth rehabilitation with implants should be mutually protected.
• Complete dentures should be bilaterally balanced.
• Removable partial dentures (RPDs) should be unilaterally balanced.
• Complete dentures for severe ridge resorption should be lingualized.
• Full mouth rehabilitation with crowns requires canine guidance.

Dental Anomalies & Treatments

• Dens invaginatus typically occurs in maxillary incisors.
• Dens evaginatus typically occurs in mandibular premolars.
• K-reamers are the most flexible files.
• Minimum implants for an overdenture are 4 in the maxilla and 2 in the mandible.
• Deviated uvula is associated with vagus nerve damage.
• Florida probes are known for underestimating pocket depths.
• Clindamycin is an antibiotic for pregnant women.
• Mesial lingual undercuts are engaged by ring clasps.
• The inorganic content in dentin is hydroxyapatite.
• Healthy periodontium plus trauma results in primary occlusal trauma.
• Compromised periodontium plus trauma results in secondary occlusal trauma.
• Indirect retainers stop rotation movement.
• Mid-buccal undercuts call for Aker clasps which are circunferential.
• Biopsy specimens are stored in formalin.
• A disadvantage of midazolam sedation is irritability.
• Cleft lip is a failure of fusion of the medial nasal process and the maxillary process.
• Changing the size of dentures may be required in Paget's disease.
• Viridans streptococcus is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE).
• RCT with ferric sulfate can cause internal resorption.
• Negative rake angle is seen in K-files.
• Red Sternberg cells are associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma.
• Antibodies in serum are tested for in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Endodontics & Pulp

• When the time between pulp exposure and treatment is less than 24 hours, pulpotomy or pulp capping is indicated for open and closed apex respectively.
• When the time between pulp exposure and treatment is more than 24 hours, pulpectomy or root canal treatment is indicated for open and closed apex respectively.
• Herpangina presents with soft palate lesions in pediatric patients.
• The stages of tooth development are initiation (bud stage), proliferation (cap stage), histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation (bell stage), and apposition and calcification.

Diseases & Syndromes

• Orthodontic movement should be light and continuous.
• Polymyalgia rheumatica with pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is associated with giant cell arteritis.
• Bone deposition cells are osteoblasts.
• Natal teeth present at birth, neonatal teeth present during the first 30 days of life.
• Doxycycline inhibits matrix metalloproteinases.
• Gingivitis in pregnancy is associated with P. intermedia.
• Large cysts are treated with marsupialization.
• Small cysts are treated with enucleation.
• Tooth formation in the embryo occurs at 6 weeks.
• The percentage of failed reporting of needle stick injuries is 35%.
• Syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis is Sjogren's syndrome.
• Tumors of the parotid gland are typically pleomorphic adenomas.
• A lost tooth #11 or #21 (maxillary incisors) corresponds to Kennedy Class IV.
• The minimum space for a lingual bar is 7-8mm.
• Patients with rapid Sri Lankan Progression of Perio disease show 8% rapid, 81% moderate, and 11% no progression.
• Admix (combination of different types of materials) is used for impressions of flat ridges.
• Frankl III behavior rating indicates treatment of Class III malocclusion.
• If a patient doesn't respond to nitroglycerin, suspect myocardial infarction.
• Renal end-stage syndrome includes halitosis, altered taste (dysgeusia), and petechiae.
• Hydrogen peroxide is a material that causes cervical resorption.
• Bony craters account for 35.2% of all bony defects.
• Subgingival calculus is removed using Gracey curettes.

Occlusion and Implants

• Class I Angle's classification has an ANB angle of 0-4 degrees.
• Class II Angle's classification has an ANB angle greater than 4 degrees.
• Class III Angle's classification has an ANB angle less than 0 degrees.
• A lingual plate reduces vestibular depth to less than 7mm.
• The pH of sodium hypochlorite is 11.
• Implant placement near the mental foramen must be at least 5mm anterior to the foramen.
• Throbbing and dull pain is transmitted by unmyelinated nerve fibers (C fibers).
• Implant osseointegration takes 3-6 months.
• A lingual plate provides splinting, diastema closure, and stability.
• Overextension flanges are diagnosed with disclosing wax.
• The most common bacteria in waterlines is Legionella.
• Garre's syndrome has an onion skin appearance on radiographs.
• Polysulfide has the highest tear resistance among impression materials.
• Bone loss around an implant should not exceed 0.2mm per year.
• Calculus is a contributing factor to periodontal disease.
• Sensation of the posterior third of the tongue is mediated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
• Bence Jones proteins are associated with multiple myeloma.
• Canal flaring is checked using a spreader.
• Aluminum chloride is an active agent in hemostatic agents.
• Internal sinus lifts involve 5-8mm of lift.
• External sinus lifts involve less than 5mm of lift.
• Paget's disease has a cotton wool appearance on radiographs.
• Autoclave type B runs for 60 days.
• Autoclaving at 132 degrees Celsius takes 4 minutes.
• Titanium implants are 88-90% titanium.
• Acid base reaction is seen in GIC cements.
• The reciprocal arm of a clasp provides stability.
• Muscle attachment determines the direction of space infection.
• Avoid fluoride rinse and fluoride gel in Down syndrome patients.
• Starry sky appearance on histology is seen in Burkitt's lymphoma.
• The cause of diastema due to frenum is diagnosed with blanching test (Freeman).
• Occlusion for upper complete dentures/lower RPD Class I is bilaterally balanced.
• Supernumerary teeth originate at the bud stage.
• A distance of 3-4mm is required from the IP implant to crest of bone to preserve the papilla.
• A disadvantage of nitroglycerin spray is burning sensation.
• Single tooth implants can be anterior (mutually protected) or posterior (group function).
• The worst effect of a silver point is corrosion.
• Warfarin does not need to be stopped for minor dental procedures if INR is 3.5 or less.
• Pain when opening the mouth after a restoration of a crown indicates a centric stop.
• Pain while eating with RPD indicates lateral movement.
• Patients with a history of radiotherapy require antibiotic prophylaxis.
• Concentration of F in Gel is 12,500 ppm.
• A 2-year-old pediatric patient is examined knee to knee.

Endodontic Instruments

• Gates Glidden drills are numbered 1-6 ranging in size from 0.50 to 1.50 mm respectively.
• Internal bevel incisions are used in flap surgeries and elimination of perio pockets.
• External bevel incisions are used in gingival overgrowth and crown lengthening.
• The shank of an instrument during scaling should be parallel to the long axes.
• A minimum of 3-4mm between restoration margin and bone crest is needed.
• Healing abutments are used for responsible emergence profile in single stage implant.
• The most difficult tooth in perio treatment is the 1st max PM.
• Tilted molars often require Clasping for retention.
• Increased lower facial height and ramus growth leads to mouth breather.
• SARPE (Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion) is a treatment option for max constriction in adults.
• The 3 essentials in dental ethics are compassion, competence, and autonomy.
• Fibromyalgia is diagnosed by excluding other conditions.
• Management of Irritable herpetic gingivostomatitis includes antivirals and home care.
• Quantitative enamel defects are called hypoplasia.
• Drinking unpasteurized milk can cause scrofula.
• Trismus can be treated with Vazirani-Akinosi technique.
• Patients with tuberculosis (TB) should stay in clinic for 4 hours after treatment.
• Unregulation of TNF alpha leads to insulin resistance.
• Aspirin increases bleeding time.
• Metformin causes a metallic taste.

Oral Pathology

• Two pulp horns and one root indicate gemination.
• Perioral clusters are seen in erythema multiforme.
• Pemphigus vulgaris can be diagnosed with immunofluorescence.
• The cross-section of an H file is rounded or tear-shaped.
• PVS and polyether impression materials can be poured many times.
• Positive ANA tests are associated with SLE.
• Fluoride gels contain 1.23% fluoride.
• Mid-buccal undercuts use RPI (Rest, Proximal Plate, I-bar) clasp.
• Force of ortho movement occurs at the single root's apical third.
• Multirooted teeth have a center of resistance between roots above furcation.
• Vita shade selection considers value, chroma, and hue.
• The muscle responsible for mandibular protrusion is the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid.
• T. Forsythia causes destruction of periodontal tissues.
• T. denticola is associated with severe periodontitis.
• F. nucleatum is involved in initial stages of plaque formation.
• A. actinomycetemcomitans is associated with aggressive periodontitis.
• Kingsley scraper is an instrument used for carving post palatal seal in cast.
• Osteoid osteoma is the only bone lesion that responds to aspirin as an analgesic.
• Endo ice (tetrafluoroethane) has a temperature of -26.2°C.
• Titanium alloy contains aluminum.
• Aplastic anemia is an emergency only.
• Warthin's tumor is a common tumor found in the parotid gland.

Neurology

• Trigeminal neuralgia is more common in multiple sclerosis patients.
• Teeth extracted with amalgam should be stored in 10% formalin.
• Teeth extracted without amalgam should be autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes.
• Extracted teeth given to the patient require no need.
• Warfarin levels are tested using INR and PT.
• Heparin levels are tested using PTT.
• Liver disease increases bleeding time and PT.
• Another name for hypercementosis is cemental hyperplasia.
• Components of RC-Prep include EDTA, urea peroxide, and glycol-based glyde.
• The success rate for a single crown implant in a healthy patient is 90-95%.
• The recurrence rate of pyogenic granuloma is 15%.
• Vomiting and light sensitivity are associated with migraine headaches.
• Class I is the most common class in the population.

Lesions

• Ulcers on the tongue with dysphagia suggest geographic tongue and vitamin B deficiency.
• Mucoceles are treated with enucleation.
• Ameloblastomas with +HH require marginal resection.
• Eruption cyst management requires follow-up.
• Lesions in smoking patients require biopsy.
• Apertognathia is caused by maximal vertical excess.
• Smear layers are removed to improve sealing properties.
• Penicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall production.
• Xerostomia and arrested caries require topical fluoride.
• Chromium-cobalt is the best metal alloy for RPDs.
• Clasp length is proportional to flexibility.
• AH sealer setting time is 8 hours.
• Gutta percha sterilization requires NaOCl 5.25%.
• Transillumination is used to detect cracks.
• VDRL (syphilis) is +-.
• Syndromes with supernumerary teeth and exophthalmos are Crouzon syndrome.
• Headaches that are relieved with 100% oxygen are cluster headaches.
• Avulsions greater than 60 minutes extraoral time require 4 weeks with a flexible splint.
• Nosocomial infections are transmitted via direct contact.
• Obturation should stop at less than a radiographic apex 1-2mm in the minor apical canal.
• Mothers smoking during pregnancy can cause cleft lip and palate.
• Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is a coupling agent.

Clinical Symptoms

• Probes invisible under GM (gingival margin) indicates thick and scalloped gingiva.
• Enamel spindles serve as pain receptors (sensitivity).
• The main advantage of screw retained over cemented restorations is retrievability.
• Pterygomaxillary notches are located using a T burnisher.
• deposit in the condyle indicates Gow Gate.
• A fruit laden, branchless tree finding suggests Sjogren's syndrome.
• Schirmer tests are used for Sjogren's syndrome.
• Reciprocal System uses endo-eze (wave one).
• An avulsion less than 60 minutes requires a flexible splint for 2 weeks.
• The diameter of K files is 0.02 mm.
• Pain with hot relief and pain with cold indicate irreversible pulpitis. Flex R cross-sections are triangular.
• Deep caries with pulp exposure indicate irreversible pulpitis.
• Sensitivity to percussion without tenderness suggests normal apical tissue. PCA (NGOCL + CHX) causes brown substance.
• Intra-canal medicament is placed for 2 weeks.
• Maximum size of endo voxel is 0.2mm.
• Active cutting lip is a K file.
• Non-vital bleaching causes external cervical resorption.
• The most flexible endodontic instrument is a reamer.
• Vertical warm compaction is used for obturation for internal resorption.
• The best prognosis type of horizontal root fracture is apical.
• Root canal treatment (RCT) with ferric sulfate causes internal tooth resorption.
• Subluxation increases mobility but does not increase displacement.
• External resorption shows RL changing with angle.
• Radiopaque material (RO) of MTA is Bismuth oxide. VRF indicates a deep narrow isolated pocket.

Dental Materials Characteristics

• NaOCl has a pH of 11.
• Diagnose crack is tooth sloth.
• Avulsed teeth re-implanted less than 60 min, require splinting for 2 weeks, more than 60 requires 4 weeks.
• Metallic sound after trauma indicates intrusion of tooth.
• Syneresis is moisture content.
• Imbibition is water uptake.
• High filler composite is typically posterior teeth.
• Low filler composite is typically Anterior teeth.
• Type I light cure is Luting cement.
• TypeIII light cure is liner and base.
• Typell is restorative.
• Typelv glass ionomer is fissure and sealant.
• Type v is ortho.
• Typ VI glass ionomer core build up.
• Acid base reaction is glass ionomer.
• Zinc Phosphate may Canse Pulpal irritation.
• Thixotropic material A liquid that becomes less viscous and more fluid under repeated application of pressure.
• Flasking of cast die stone.
• Measures modulus of elasticity Resilience
• Type of collagen in pulp during development Type 3
• linear line in facial cervical third abrasion
• Cervico occlusal molar length 7.5 mm
• Clamp for molar w8
• Clamp for Molar w7
• Characteristic feature of Setting reaction of Prs Addition
• ↑ Stone setting Hot water
• ↑ working time in Zinc glass
• Reversible material Agar
• ↑ Filler in resto→↑ resistance.
• RDT less than or equal 1 Mm Liner+ RMGI base
• setting Hot water
• cement.
• Chalky
• I
• Glazing deh
• microleakage
• Ca (OH)
• linning
• hyper management follow up
• Open high
• Pitt
• Flat need.
• resol lipomizing
• still biting CT
• Radiographs
• lymphocyte

Clinical Procedures, Restorations, and Anatomy

• Polymethyl methacrylate should be avoided as a material.

• The role of flux in soldering is to improve flow of solder.

• Porcelain etchant contains hydrofluoric acid 9.5-10%.

• Insert gutta percha apically 4-5mm.

• Consier subgingival pt esthetic finish line.

• Modified esth and no Surgery esthetic and no Surgery aesthetic and esthetic finish line.

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• side . non.

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