Dental Surgery Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Dentists pull teeth by applying controlled ______ against surrounding bone.

movements

Injudicious force may result in injury to adjacent ______.

tooth

Raising a flap increases access and visibility, allowing for ______ and safe delivery of a tooth.

controlled

All dentists should be equipped with the basic skill and knowledge of open ______.

<p>extractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dentists should consider the degree of difficulty of extraction for each ______.

<p>patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ flap design preserves interdental papilla attachment and has a half moon incision.

<p>semilunar</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ flap relies on a single horizontal incision and is commonly used for periodontal surgery.

<p>horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The base of the flap should be wider than the ______ end to ensure adequate blood supply.

<p>free</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ flap involves one vertical incision and one horizontal incision for adequate exposure in oral surgeries.

<p>triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The free end of the flap is the portion that remains ______ during a surgical procedure.

<p>detached</p> Signup and view all the answers

Higher incidence is observed in individuals over ______ years old.

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phylogenic theory suggests that evolution plays a role in tooth ______.

<p>impaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The orthodontic theory states that teeth become impacted due to interference in their ______.

<p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pericoronitis is the inflammation of the operculum overlying an ______ tooth.

<p>impacted</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reduction of post-operative ______ loss is crucial after dental procedures.

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

The removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound is known as ______.

<p>debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

To dislodge bacteria from a wound, large volumes of fluid are forced under pressure, a process called ______.

<p>irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space post-surgery is referred to as ______.

<p>edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased tissue injury correlates with an increase in the amount of ______.

<p>edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

The degree of difficulty in extracting a tooth depends on the density and elasticity of the surrounding ______.

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extensive caries and previous root canals increase the chance of the crown to ______ during extraction.

<p>fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a tooth extraction requires raising a flap, it is referred to as an ______ extraction.

<p>open</p> Signup and view all the answers

The risk of infection increases with the size of the ______.

<p>inoculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before a tooth extraction, obtaining informed ______ is essential.

<p>consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

A thorough clinical examination includes assessing the density of ______.

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors such as age, diet, and bruxism influence the ______ of the bone.

<p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complicated extractions may require ______ procedures after tooth removal.

<p>adjunctive</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lack of anatomical considerations can lead to history of ______ extraction.

<p>difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

Debridement and decontamination are important for optimal ______ care.

<p>patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Removing microorganisms from a wound is part of ______.

<p>decontamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Obtain history of ______

<p>bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use of atraumatical surgical ______

<p>techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

Obtain good ______ at surgery

<p>hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide excellent patient ______

<p>instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complications can arise peri/intra-operatively and ______

<p>postoperatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ occurs when blood escapes into tissue spaces.

<p>Hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compression of bony ______ is important except when implants are contemplated.

<p>plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrocautery is used to ______ exposed blood vessels.

<p>seal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The application of pressure packs is a common method of ______ control.

<p>bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Management of ______ includes warm compresses, usually self-limiting.

<p>ecchymosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ can occur due to high pressure air instruments.

<p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dry socket, known as ______, results from clot dissolution.

<p>alveolitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Injury to nerves may result in ______, which is an unpleasant sensation.

<p>dysesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surgical management of impacted teeth requires careful ______ planning.

<p>treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Root resorption of the distal surface of a second molar is common in ______ disease.

<p>periodontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distance of 2mm or less from the sinus is important for ______ approximation.

<p>SA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antihemorrhagic drugs like ______ are used to prevent clot dissolution.

<p>Tranexamic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incision following the flare of the ramus between the internal and external ______ is crucial.

<p>oblique ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

The decision on tooth sectioning depends on the case and the amount of ______ removal.

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fused conical roots are usually ______ to remove.

<p>easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

A triangular flap is an option for incision design, along with the ______ flap.

<p>horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is performed to remove a tooth that has not fully developed.

<p>germectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nerve damage risk during odontectomy of third molars can be as high as ______ percent.

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ nerve may be affected in cases of impacted mandibular canines.

<p>mental</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients should be informed about the potential risk of ______ after surgery.

<p>nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ease of surgical procedures largely depends on careful planning based on diagnostic ______.

<p>information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incision types and bone removal considerations can influence the ______ of tooth delivery.

<p>ease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Involvement of the nasopalatine ______ may necessitate a palatal flap.

<p>neurovascular bundle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ stage of root development indicates ease of extraction.

<p>1/3 to 2/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lingual nerve has a lower injury risk range of about ______ percent during certain procedures.

<p>0.4-1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Semilunar Flap

A half-moon incision design that preserves interdental papilla attachment and attached gingiva, but has limited exposure and may be prone to scarring.

Horizontal Flap

A flap with a single horizontal incision, offering limited exposure. Often used for periodontal and extraction surgeries.

Triangular Flap

A triangular flap formed by one vertical and one horizontal incision, providing adequate exposure for minor oral surgeries.

Base of the flap

The portion of the flap that remains attached to the underlying bone.

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Free end of the flap

The part of the flap that is not attached to the bone and can be lifted for surgical access.

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Open Extraction

A surgical technique for tooth extraction involving cutting and lifting a flap of gum tissue to access the tooth. This provides better visibility and control during the procedure.

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Advantages of Open Extraction

Open extraction reduces the chance of damage to surrounding bone and soft tissue, allowing for a more controlled removal of the tooth.

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Disadvantages of Open Extraction

Open extraction technique can potentially lead to longer healing times and increased risks of infection.

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Forceful extraction is risky?

The force applied during tooth extraction should be carefully controlled. Too much force can injure the surrounding teeth or tissues.

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Who can perform Open Extraction?

Open extraction is a complex procedure and can be performed by general dentists or specialists based on the complexity of the case.

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Debridement

The removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound.

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Decontamination

The removal of microorganisms or hazardous substances from a wound.

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Wound Irrigation

The process of using a fluid jet to dislodge bacteria, debris, and other foreign matter from a wound.

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Wound Debridement

The careful removal of necrotic, foreign, and severely ischemic materials from a wound to promote healing.

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Surgical Edema

The swelling that occurs after surgery as a result of fluid accumulating in the tissue.

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Tissue Injury and Edema

The amount of tissue injury directly affects the degree of edema. More injury leads to more edema.

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Connective Tissue and Edema

Areas with more loose connective tissue tend to experience more edema.

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Phylogenic Theory of Impacted Teeth

The theory suggests that the evolution of human diets to softer foods has resulted in smaller jaws, leading to teeth becoming impacted due to lack of space.

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Minimizing Tissue Injury

Minimizing tissue injury during surgery helps reduce post-surgical edema.

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Orthodontic Theory of Impacted Teeth

This theory proposes that any interference with the downward and forward growth of the mandible can lead to teeth becoming impacted.

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Bone Density and Extraction

The density and elasticity of the bone surrounding a tooth influences the difficulty of its extraction.

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Inadequate Space for Impacted Teeth

A common reason for impacted teeth is inadequate space within the jaw, caused by factors like a larger third molar compared to the second molar.

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Crown Integrity and Extraction

The integrity of the crown (the visible part of the tooth) affects the ease of extraction. A weakened crown can fracture during the procedure.

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Root Anatomy and Extraction

The shape and number of roots of a tooth can make extraction more difficult.

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Pericoronitis

Inflammation of the gum tissue covering a partially erupted tooth, often causing pain, swelling, and discomfort near the impacted area.

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Should We Remove Impacted Teeth?

Tooth removal is a common treatment for impacted teeth, but the decision requires careful consideration of factors like the position of the tooth, potential complications, and the overall health of the patient.

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Closed Extraction

A procedure where a tooth is removed without lifting a flap, usually used for simple extractions.

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Flap Benefits in Complex Extractions

The use of a flap to access the tooth allows for better visibility and manipulation during complex extractions.

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Bone Removal in Extraction

Removing bone surrounding the tooth can facilitate its removal, especially for deeply impacted teeth.

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Hematoma

Blood escapes into tissue spaces, appearing immediately as a fluctuant bluish/black swelling.

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Ecchymosis

Blood that escapes into interstitial tissues days after surgery, appearing as a discoloration.

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Emphysema

Gas trapped in tissue spaces or fascial planes, often caused by high-pressure air instruments.

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Gingival and Mucosal Lacerations

Injury to the gingiva or mucosa caused by trauma, often from accidents, violence, or surgery.

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Anesthesia/Paresthesia

Occurs due to excessive stretching, compression, or damage to nerves during surgical procedures.

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Dry Socket

A common complication of an extraction, causing pain and a foul-smelling alveolus. Results from clot dissolution and faulty healing.

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Neurapraxia

A low severity nerve injury where the nerve structure is intact, but conduction is interrupted due to ischemia or compression.

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Axonotmesis

A nerve injury where the axon is disrupted, but the myelin sheath remains intact.

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Neurotmesis

The most severe nerve injury, resulting in loss of nerve conduction and damage to the surrounding connective tissue. Often requires surgical repair.

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Impacted Tooth

A developmental anomaly where a tooth is prevented from erupting due to obstruction.

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Periodontal Disease

A common condition that can occur between the second and third molars, leading to root resorption, periodontal ligament destruction, and probing depths.

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Full Thickness Flap

A surgical flap that exposes the underlying bone for access during oral surgery, commonly used in impacted tooth removal.

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Osteotomy Flap

A surgical technique for impacted tooth removal that combines minimal bony removal with a large, well-defined flap, preserving bone and allowing for easier healing.

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Envelope Flap

A surgical incision made around the tooth to be removed, creating a flap of tissue that can be reflected to access the tooth.

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Tooth Repositioning

The process of repositioning the tooth in a desired position, usually after an extraction, bone reduction, or flap surgery.

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Lingual Nerve Location

The distance between the lingual nerve and the lingual plate is approximately 2mm. The lingual crest is approximately 4mm from the lingual plate.

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Lingual Flap Design

Horizontal flaps are recommended for surgeries on the lingual side of the mandible to minimize the risk of damaging the lingual nerve.

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Surgical Procedure Factors

The surgical procedure for impacted teeth is influenced by factors such as the root morphology, stage of development, and size of the crown.

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Root Morphology Impact

Fused conical roots are easier to remove compared to divergent roots during tooth extraction.

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Tooth Development Impact

The stage of tooth development influences the ease of extraction. Teeth in the 1/3 to 2/3 root development stage are easiest to remove.

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Germectomy

Germectomy involves removing a tooth bud that hasn't fully developed, often used when space is limited.

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Crown Size Impact

The size of the crown can influence the number of sections required during extraction.

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Archer's Classification

Archer's classification categorizes impacted canines based on their impaction location (palatal, labial, buccal, etc.)

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Pain Control Options

Pain control options for impacted tooth extractions include local anesthesia alone, local anesthesia with sedation, or general anesthesia.

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Incision Direction

Incisions for impacted tooth removal should follow the flare of the mandible and avoid the lingual nerve.

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Bone Removal and Sectioning

The decision to remove bone and section teeth during extraction depends on the specific case and surrounding anatomical structures.

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Nasopalatine Nerve

The nasopalatine neurovascular bundle may need to be cut during palatal flap surgery, but this can be done safely due to collateral blood supply.

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Lingual Side Incisions

Vertical incisions on the lingual side of the mandible should be avoided to minimize the risk of damaging the lingual nerve and artery.

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Infraorbital Nerve

The infraorbital neurovascular bundle can be affected during extractions of high impacted canines, so careful retraction is important.

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Mental Nerve

Extractions of impacted mandibular canines, premolars, or supernumerary teeth may affect the mental nerve.

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Study Notes

Basic Principles of Oral Surgery

  • Oral and maxillofacial surgery is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, dysfunctions, defects, or injuries of the mouth, jaws, face, neck, and adjacent craniofacial structures.
  • A good surgeon should have adept diagnostic skills, adequate understanding of medical relationships, and conservative attitude with sound knowledge of anatomy, physiology.

Pre-operative Protocols

  • A thorough history of the patient is essential
  • Clinical examination, including vital signs and physical examination of the oral cavity, is necessary
  • Imaging, such as CT scans and MRIs, provides important diagnostic data
  • ASA classification is used to determine a patient's physical status for anesthesia.
  • Review of medical history, especially of systemic diseases and allergies is important
  • Pharmacologic considerations, including drug interactions and pre-medications, are crucial
  • Laboratory testing helps determine the presence of abnormalities or existing problems
  • Referral for specialists may be necessary

Diagnostic Processes

  • History taking, including patient's description of the problem
  • Clinical examination, including vital signs and a complete oral/physical examination
  • Imaging, such as x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, to determine if problems related to the diagnosis are present
  • Review of medical history, including past illnesses, medications, allergies and current medications
  • Laboratory studies which determine the status of existent problems are performed

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Related Documents

DMD - Oral Surgery 2: Basic Principles PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various dental surgery techniques and terminology used in tooth extraction and flap design. This quiz covers essential skills every dentist should master, focusing on controlled forces, flap designs, and considerations during extraction. Perfect for dental students and practitioners alike!

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