Dental Surgery for Students
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of acute wounds?

  • Have a deficiency in the healing stage relationship
  • Heal in an orderly and timely process (correct)
  • Are often associated with underlying pathology
  • Fail to follow a normal healing process

    • What type of wounds are often associated with underlying pathology?

  • Acute wounds
  • Surgical wounds
  • Chronic wounds (correct)
  • Traumatic wounds

    • What is an example of an etiology of chronic wounds?

  • Ulceration (correct)
  • Surgical wounds
  • Gunshot wounds
  • Burn wounds

    • What type of scars are an example of proliferative scars?

    <p>Keloids and hypertrophic scars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of tertiary wound closure?

    <p>Closure occurs after 4-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of primary wound closure?

    <p>It simplifies wound care for the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wounds can heal by secondary intention?

    <p>Ulcers and pressure sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chronic wounds?

    <p>They have a deficiency in the healing stage relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of surgery for a dental student?

    <p>To understand the principles of wound healing and infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)?

    <p>To attract inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of wound healing?

    <p>To restore the integrity of the injured part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of platelet aggregation?

    <p>Thrombin formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in wound healing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vasoactive amines, such as histamine and serotonin?

    <p>To increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of skin tumor?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of events during the haemostasis phase?

    <p>Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the neck and its structures?

    <p>Examination of Swellings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the disruption of normal tissue structure and function?

    <p>Wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thrombin in the clotting process?

    <p>To facilitate platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are attracted to the site of injury during the inflammatory phase?

    <p>Polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of surgical patient care?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of salivary glands?

    <p>Salivary gland study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelet factor IV (PF4)?

    <p>To attract inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the coagulation phase?

    <p>Minutes to hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell is responsible for producing collagen during the proliferation phase?

    <p>Fibroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the late inflammatory phase of wound healing?

    <p>To ensure the wound bed is free of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of wound healing do fibroblasts begin to produce collagen?

    <p>Proliferation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the epithelialisation process in approximated incised wounds?

    <p>48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is involved in the proliferation phase of wound healing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macrophages during the proliferation phase of wound healing?

    <p>To attract fibroblasts and produce growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of wound healing do myofibroblasts play a key role?

    <p>Remodeling phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the proliferation phase of wound healing?

    <p>7 days to 6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when new blood vessels are formed?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of granulation tissue?

    <p>Fibroblasts and collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is collagen first detected in the wound healing process?

    <p>At day 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibroblasts in wound healing?

    <p>To produce collagen and fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the wound becomes stronger over time?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the undesirable consequence of wound contraction?

    <p>Tissue distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the factors that affect wound healing?

    <p>Local factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nutritional disorders that can affect wound healing?

    <p>Metabolic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the wound closes?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of covering a wound?

    <p>To reduce infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Objective of Surgery for Dental Students

    • The objective of surgery for dental students includes history taking, case sheet writing, sterilization, and surgical patient care.

    Wound and Wound Healing

    • A wound is defined as a disruption of normal tissue structure and function, or a cut or break in the continuity of any tissue caused by injury or operation.
    • Wound healing is a mechanism whereby the body attempts to restore the integrity of the injured part.
    • Types of wounds: acute, chronic, surgical, traumatic, burn, and ulceration.
    • Etiology of wounds: surgical, traumatic, burn, ulceration, and amputation.
    • Phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
    • Factors affecting wound healing: general, local, endogenous, and exogenous factors.

    Hemostasis and Inflammatory Phase

    • Hemostasis is the first phase of wound healing, which begins immediately after injury.
    • Hemostasis involves vascular constriction, platelet aggregation, and clot formation.
    • Inflammatory phase begins with vasoconstriction and thrombus formation to limit blood loss.
    • Platelets stick to the damaged endothelial lining of vessels, and platelet aggregation and cytokine release attract inflammatory cells.
    • Inflammatory cells: neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes.

    Proliferation Phase

    • Proliferation phase begins when the wound is covered by epithelium, and production of collagen is the hallmark.
    • This phase involves several cells and growth factors: macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial growth factors.
    • Macrophytes engulf and destroy foreign material and microorganisms, attract fibroblasts to the wound, and make growth factors.
    • Fibroblasts produce collagen and stimulate the growth of new capillaries (angiogenesis).
    • Granulation tissue is formed, which is fragile and bleeds easily.

    Maturation Phase

    • Maturation phase begins around day 8 and lasts for up to 2 years after injury.
    • During this phase, new collagen forms, changing the shape of the wound and increasing the tensile strength.
    • Collagen organization and cross-linking occur, and the wound may increase in strength for up to 2 years after injury.

    Factors Affecting Wound Healing

    • General factors: age, nutrition, trauma, metabolic diseases, immunosuppression, and connective tissue disorders.
    • Local factors: mechanical injury, infection, edema, ischemia, topical agents, ionizing radiation, low oxygen tension, and foreign bodies.
    • Systemic factors: diabetes mellitus, uremia, hypoproteinemia, and deficiencies in vitamin A and C, and zinc.
    • Factors that decrease wound healing: smoking, diabetes, and malnutrition.
    • Factors that increase wound healing: growth factors, antibiotics, and proper wound care.

    Importance of Wound Covering

    • Wound covering is essential to prevent infection, promote wound healing, and reduce pain.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of general surgery for dental students, including history taking, sterilization, wound healing, infection, and hemorrhage.

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