Dental Stains and Discoloration

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Questions and Answers

Which condition is characterized by yellow-green discoloration due to the deposition of bile pigments during tooth development?

  • Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (correct)
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Epidermolysis bullosa
  • Amelogenesis imperfecta

What is a primary cause of internalized discoloration in teeth?

  • Developmental defects (correct)
  • Gingival recession
  • Fluoride treatment
  • Tooth sensitivity

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which intrinsic tooth discoloration can occur?

  • Inherited metabolic disorders
  • Developmental abnormalities
  • Extrinsic staining from food (correct)
  • Systemic syndromes

Amelogenesis imperfecta is classified into how many different subtypes?

<p>14 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process may cause pitting of the enamel during tooth development?

<p>Epidermolysis bullosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is categorized as intrinsic discoloration due to changes in dental hard tissues?

<p>Amelogenesis imperfecta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the darker appearance of teeth at the gingival margin?

<p>Proximity of dentine to the enamel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a disorder that affects enamel formation due to systemic involvement?

<p>Vitamin D dependent rickets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic describes the appearance of enamel in mild cases of amelogenesis imperfecta?

<p>Snow-capped with normal color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of discoloration is primarily attributed to the laying down of secondary dentine?

<p>Intrinsic discoloration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of discoloration occurs after dental development and is associated with enamel defects?

<p>Internalized discoloration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an intrinsic discoloration due to metabolic factors?

<p>Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extrinsic discoloration primarily occurs due to which of the following mechanisms?

<p>External substances adhering to the tooth surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as an intrinsic discoloration?

<p>Fluorosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tooth discoloration type is associated with local factors such as injury?

<p>Intrinsic discoloration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common age-related change that causes discoloration of teeth?

<p>Gradual wear of enamel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the mechanism of intrinsic discoloration due to developmental defects?

<p>It is caused by influences on light transmission through dentine and enamel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily contributes to acquired tooth discoloration?

<p>Natural aging processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the appearance of teeth when enamel becomes thinner?

<p>Teeth become darker as the underlying dentine becomes more visible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an example of a developmental defect that can lead to discoloration?

<p>Fluorosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do restorative materials influence tooth discoloration?

<p>Certain materials may release chromogens that stain surrounding teeth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes a characteristic of external (extrinsic) stains?

<p>They often penetrate through enamel and can affect dentine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the carious process, what color change indicates the initial stage of dental caries?

<p>Opaque white spot. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of dental trauma on tooth color?

<p>Bulk loss of enamel, facilitating internal staining. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Internalized Discoloration

Extrinsic stains incorporated into tooth structure during development, affecting enamel and dentin.

Intrinsic Tooth Discoloration

Discoloration originating during tooth development, altering light transmission.

Congenital Hyperbilirubinemia

Metabolic disorder causing yellow-green tooth discoloration, often due to hemolysis.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Hereditary enamel disorder, affecting enamel mineralization/matrix, leading to various enamel appearances, from mild to severe yellow/brown.

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Systemic Syndromes

Clinical conditions impacting enamel formation, potentially causing hypoplasia and irregularities.

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Developmental Defects

Problems affecting tooth structure during development, leading to internalized discoloration.

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Acquired Defects

Problems to teeth after development, such as tooth wear, recession, caries, or restorations.

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Metabolic Disorders

Disorders impacting chemical processes in the body, affecting dental formation.

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Dental Stains

Pigmented deposits on tooth surfaces.

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Intrinsic Discoloration

Discoloration within the tooth structure, due to changes in the dental hard tissues.

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Extrinsic Discoloration

Discoloration on the tooth surface or in the acquired pellicle, outside the tooth.

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Tetracycline Staining

Discoloration caused by antibiotic use during tooth development.

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Tooth Color

Determined by enamel and dentin colors, varying by location and age.

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Metallic Stains (origin)

Discoloration from metallic substances.

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Extrinsic Stains

Stains originating from external sources, penetrating into the enamel due to increased porosity or defects.

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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A developmental defect exposing dentin, enabling chromogens to enter directly through tubules, causing discoloration.

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Tooth Wear

Progressive loss of enamel and dentin due to erosion, abrasion, and attrition. This can lead to dentin exposure and increased chromogen uptake.

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Gingival Recession

The receding of gum tissue, exposing dentin. This increases the susceptibility to chromogens.

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Dental Caries

The process of tooth decay. Different stages of caries can cause color changes in the tooth.

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Restorative Materials

Materials used in dental treatments, such as amalgam, that can influence the color of teeth.

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Study Notes

Dental Stains

  • Pigmented deposits on teeth are called dental stains
  • Tooth color is important for cosmetic reasons and diagnosis of discolouration
  • Discoloration affects treatment outcomes
  • Tooth color varies from gingival margin to incisal edge
  • Canine teeth are typically darker than central and lateral incisors
  • Teeth darken with age due to secondary dentine and enamel wear
  • Discoloration can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Classification of Tooth Discoloration

  • Intrinsic: Changes in the tooth structure (e.g., composition or thickness)
  • Congenital hyperbilirubinemia
  • Amelogenesis imperfecta
  • Dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • Dentinal dysplasia
  • Tetracycline staining
  • Enamel hypoplasia
  • Pulpal hemorrhagic products
  • Root resorption
  • Extrinsic: Stains outside the tooth (e.g., on the surface or in the pellicle)
  • Metallic
  • Non-metallic
  • Fluorosis: Causes discoloration of enamel, often appearing as chalky white or brown
  • Enamel Hypoplasia: Local damage to the tooth-germ during development, resulting in hypoplastic enamel
  • Pulpal Hemorrhagic Products: Severe trauma, leading to discoloration by haemoglobin
  • Root Resorption: Can lead to a pink tinge at the cemento-enamel junction
  • Aging: Secondary dentine formation results in decreased light transmission, causing darkening of teeth
  • Intrinsic Discoloration: Caused by structural changes during development, affecting light transmission.
    • Congenital hyperbilirubinemia
    • Amelogenesis imperfecta
    • Dentinogenesis imperfecta
    • Dentinal dysplasia
    • Tetracycline staining
    • Enamel hypoplasia
    • Pulpal hemorrhagic products and Root resorption
  • Internalized Discoloration: Extrinsic stain incorporated into the tooth.
  • Developmental Defects: Fluorosis, enamel defects, hypoplasia, affecting light transmission.
  • Acquired Defects: Wear, erosion, abrasion, gingival recession, which exposes dentine, making it more susceptible to stains.

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