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Questions and Answers
What does a pH level above 7 indicate regarding acidity?
What does a pH level above 7 indicate regarding acidity?
Which term refers to the ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation under tensile stress without fracturing?
Which term refers to the ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation under tensile stress without fracturing?
What does the term 'chromatic value' refer to in dental materials?
What does the term 'chromatic value' refer to in dental materials?
Which phenomenon occurs when two different metals in the oral cavity can create a potential for minute shock?
Which phenomenon occurs when two different metals in the oral cavity can create a potential for minute shock?
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What does 'micro leakage' refer to in dentistry?
What does 'micro leakage' refer to in dentistry?
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Which property describes the ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation?
Which property describes the ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation?
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What is the effect called when dental material is subjected to heat and subsequently expands?
What is the effect called when dental material is subjected to heat and subsequently expands?
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What do retention grooves in dental restorations achieve?
What do retention grooves in dental restorations achieve?
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Which cement is primarily used as a sedative base and temporary cement for provisional coverage?
Which cement is primarily used as a sedative base and temporary cement for provisional coverage?
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What is the primary purpose of Polycarboxylate cement in dentistry?
What is the primary purpose of Polycarboxylate cement in dentistry?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of cement mentioned as used in dentistry?
Which of the following is NOT a type of cement mentioned as used in dentistry?
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Which cement is known to be an insulating base and is mixed into increments due to its exothermic reaction?
Which cement is known to be an insulating base and is mixed into increments due to its exothermic reaction?
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What characteristic distinguishes Glass Ionomer Type III cement?
What characteristic distinguishes Glass Ionomer Type III cement?
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Which of the following statements is accurate about Composite Resin?
Which of the following statements is accurate about Composite Resin?
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What is the main function of Zinc Oxide Eugenol when used as a cement?
What is the main function of Zinc Oxide Eugenol when used as a cement?
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Which organization is NOT involved in establishing standards for dental materials?
Which organization is NOT involved in establishing standards for dental materials?
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What is the proper ratio of alloy to mercury for good amalgam?
What is the proper ratio of alloy to mercury for good amalgam?
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What happens during undertrituration of amalgam?
What happens during undertrituration of amalgam?
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Which of the following can cause expansion and corrosion in dental amalgam?
Which of the following can cause expansion and corrosion in dental amalgam?
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What is the function of the sprue in the dental casting process?
What is the function of the sprue in the dental casting process?
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What is a characteristic of pattern wax used in dentistry?
What is a characteristic of pattern wax used in dentistry?
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What is the purpose of the pickling process after casting in dentistry?
What is the purpose of the pickling process after casting in dentistry?
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How are gold alloys typically used in dental applications?
How are gold alloys typically used in dental applications?
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What material is primarily used to construct a temporary denture form?
What material is primarily used to construct a temporary denture form?
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Which factor can cause an increase in the setting time of alginate?
Which factor can cause an increase in the setting time of alginate?
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What is the recommended water to powder ratio for high-strength dental stone?
What is the recommended water to powder ratio for high-strength dental stone?
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Which of the following impression materials is known for minimal shrinkage and ease of use?
Which of the following impression materials is known for minimal shrinkage and ease of use?
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What role does zinc play in an amalgam alloy?
What role does zinc play in an amalgam alloy?
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the mixing and setting times of cement?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the mixing and setting times of cement?
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What component in an amalgam alloy primarily adds strength and durability?
What component in an amalgam alloy primarily adds strength and durability?
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For a mandibular impression, what is the appropriate powder to water measure?
For a mandibular impression, what is the appropriate powder to water measure?
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Which impression material is commonly used for partial dentures due to its flexibility?
Which impression material is commonly used for partial dentures due to its flexibility?
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What function does the bite block serve in denture construction?
What function does the bite block serve in denture construction?
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What material is commonly used to construct custom trays in dentistry?
What material is commonly used to construct custom trays in dentistry?
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Which part of the denture base extends over the attached mucosa?
Which part of the denture base extends over the attached mucosa?
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What component is not included in the construction of dentures due to its impact on speech and chewing?
What component is not included in the construction of dentures due to its impact on speech and chewing?
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Which feature of the maxillary denture is primarily responsible for its retention?
Which feature of the maxillary denture is primarily responsible for its retention?
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What should be done before placing the custom tray material onto the model?
What should be done before placing the custom tray material onto the model?
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Where are the first aid kits located in the lab?
Where are the first aid kits located in the lab?
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What type of materials are used for artificial teeth in dentures?
What type of materials are used for artificial teeth in dentures?
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What is the primary use of Glass Ionomer Type I cement in dentistry?
What is the primary use of Glass Ionomer Type I cement in dentistry?
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Which cement is less irritating to the pulp compared to Zinc Phosphate?
Which cement is less irritating to the pulp compared to Zinc Phosphate?
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What is a primary characteristic of Zinc Oxide Eugenol cement when used as a base?
What is a primary characteristic of Zinc Oxide Eugenol cement when used as a base?
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Which of the following can be considered a potential disadvantage of Polycarboxylate cement?
Which of the following can be considered a potential disadvantage of Polycarboxylate cement?
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What is the primary purpose of Zinc Phosphate cement in dental applications?
What is the primary purpose of Zinc Phosphate cement in dental applications?
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Which major organization is NOT involved in establishing standards for dental materials?
Which major organization is NOT involved in establishing standards for dental materials?
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Which cement is commonly mixed directly on a pad or slab for optimal performance?
Which cement is commonly mixed directly on a pad or slab for optimal performance?
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What type of cement is known for its fluoride-releasing properties?
What type of cement is known for its fluoride-releasing properties?
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What is the effect of overtrituration on dental amalgam?
What is the effect of overtrituration on dental amalgam?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of adequate trituration in dental amalgam?
Which of the following is a characteristic of adequate trituration in dental amalgam?
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What role does the burnout process serve in the dental casting procedure?
What role does the burnout process serve in the dental casting procedure?
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Excess moisture contamination in amalgam can lead to which of the following issues?
Excess moisture contamination in amalgam can lead to which of the following issues?
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What is the significance of the sprue in the dental casting process?
What is the significance of the sprue in the dental casting process?
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Pattern wax is primarily used for what purpose in dentistry?
Pattern wax is primarily used for what purpose in dentistry?
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Why is pickling performed after casting in dentistry?
Why is pickling performed after casting in dentistry?
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Which metals are commonly used to enhance the properties of gold alloys in dental applications?
Which metals are commonly used to enhance the properties of gold alloys in dental applications?
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What is the term for the ability of a material to withstand permanent deformity under compressive stress without fracturing?
What is the term for the ability of a material to withstand permanent deformity under compressive stress without fracturing?
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Which term describes how light passes through a tooth and its edges appear bluish?
Which term describes how light passes through a tooth and its edges appear bluish?
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What is micro leakage in dental restorations primarily caused by?
What is micro leakage in dental restorations primarily caused by?
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What does viscosity in dental materials relate to?
What does viscosity in dental materials relate to?
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Which characteristic does NOT pertain to a corrosion process in dental materials?
Which characteristic does NOT pertain to a corrosion process in dental materials?
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What force is involved in the side-to-side movement associated with bruxism?
What force is involved in the side-to-side movement associated with bruxism?
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What does the term 'ductility' refer to in dental materials science?
What does the term 'ductility' refer to in dental materials science?
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What causes galvanism in dental materials?
What causes galvanism in dental materials?
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Which type of gypsum product requires 30 mL of water for every 100 g of powder?
Which type of gypsum product requires 30 mL of water for every 100 g of powder?
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Which impression material is known for capturing fine details due to its rigidity?
Which impression material is known for capturing fine details due to its rigidity?
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What is the correct water to powder ratio for model plaster?
What is the correct water to powder ratio for model plaster?
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Which component in an amalgam alloy primarily acts as a deoxidizer?
Which component in an amalgam alloy primarily acts as a deoxidizer?
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What effect does adding warm water to alginate have on setting time?
What effect does adding warm water to alginate have on setting time?
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Which type of silicone is preferred for final impressions due to its minimal shrinkage?
Which type of silicone is preferred for final impressions due to its minimal shrinkage?
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Which component of an amalgam enhances hardness and provides better corrosion resistance?
Which component of an amalgam enhances hardness and provides better corrosion resistance?
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When taking a mandibular impression, how many scoops of powder are recommended?
When taking a mandibular impression, how many scoops of powder are recommended?
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What is the primary purpose of the bite rim in denture construction?
What is the primary purpose of the bite rim in denture construction?
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How is the denture base primarily constructed?
How is the denture base primarily constructed?
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What role does the post dam play in the design of a maxillary denture?
What role does the post dam play in the design of a maxillary denture?
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What is the composition of the resin used to construct custom trays?
What is the composition of the resin used to construct custom trays?
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What safety feature is located at the east wall of the lab?
What safety feature is located at the east wall of the lab?
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Which of the following statements about artificial teeth in dentures is correct?
Which of the following statements about artificial teeth in dentures is correct?
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What is the correct initial step before placing the custom tray material onto the model?
What is the correct initial step before placing the custom tray material onto the model?
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In what dental applications are acrylics and acrylic resins primarily used?
In what dental applications are acrylics and acrylic resins primarily used?
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Study Notes
Dental Materials Review
- Dental materials are categorized by acidity (pH above 7 is alkaline, below 7 is acidic).
- Adhesion is the force between dissimilar substances (e.g., plaque).
- Tensile force is a pulling force (e.g., orthodontic bands).
- Compressive force is a pushing force.
- Shearing stress is a force applied side-to-side (e.g., bruxism).
- Hue describes the dominant color.
- Value refers to the lightness of a color (scale 1-10, black is 1, white is 10).
- Chroma is the intensity of a color.
- Translucency is the amount of light passing through a material.
- Corrosion is the chemical or electrochemical deterioration of metal in the mouth.
- Tarnish is the dulling or discoloration of metal.
- Dimensional change is a change in size or shape due to imbibition (water absorption).
- Ductility is the ability to deform under tensile force without breaking.
- Malleability is the ability to deform under compressive force without breaking.
- Elasticity is the ability to deform and return to its original shape.
- Flow (creep) is continuous deformation under constant force.
- Galvanism is the potential for electric current between dissimilar metals.
- Hardness is the material's resistance to scratching or indentation.
- Micro leakage is a small gap between a restoration and tooth.
- Retention is the ability of a material to adhere to tooth structure.
- Solubility is a substance's ability to dissolve in a liquid.
- Wettability is a material's ability to spread across a surface.
- Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow.
- Toxicity describes a material's harmfulness.
- Thermal conductivity measures heat flow.
- Thermal expansion is the increase in size of a material with heat.
- Organizations (like ADA and FDA) regulate dental materials.
Dental Cements
- Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE): temporary cement, base, luting agent.
- Zinc Phosphate: permanent cement, ortho bands, crowns, bridges.
- Polycarboxylate: permanent cement, ortho bands, crowns.
- Glass Ionomer (GI): luting (temporary cement), base, liners and restorative.
- Important brands include: ZOE 2200, Zogenol, Tempbond, Fynal, Schein, Accubite, Patterson, and many more.
Impression Materials
- Polyvinylsiloxane (addition silicone): ideal for final impressions (crown, bridges).
- Polyether: shows fine detail, commonly used for crowns, bridges and dentures.
- Polysulfide: flexible, good detail reproduction, commonly used for removable dentures.
- Condensation Silicone: good for final impressions but less stable than addition silicone.
Amalgam Alloy Components
- Main component is silver (50-70%).
- Tin: weakns amalgam but slows hardening and reduces expansion.
- Copper: increases hardness, resists corrosion.
Amalgam Factors
- Proper alloy-to-mercury ratio is crucial for good amalgam.
- Adequate trituration (mixing) is important for strength.
- Minimal dimensional change during hardening is a key factor.
- Correct handling (avoiding excess moisture) maintains quality.
Dental Wax Types
- Pattern waxes (inlay, casting, baseplate)
- Processing waxes (boxing, sticky, utility)
- Impression waxes (bite registration)
Dental Casting Process
- Wax pattern is created as a model.
- Sprues are added to guide the molten alloy.
- The wax is removed from the mold.
- The metal (alloy) is poured into the mold.
- The finished restoration is removed.
Denture Construction
- Temporary form (shellac or acrylic) is used.
- A bite rim reinforces.
- Acrylic baseplate is made.
- Artificial teeth are attached to the baseplate.
Acrylic Resins in Dentistry
- Custom trays and temporary crowns/bridges.
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Description
Test your knowledge on dental materials with this review quiz. Explore concepts such as acidity, adhesion, and various forces affecting dental materials. Ensure you understand crucial terms like hue, value, chroma, and how they relate to dental applications.
