Podcast
Questions and Answers
What year was polymerized acrylic resin introduced as a denture base material?
What year was polymerized acrylic resin introduced as a denture base material?
- 1919
- 1928
- 1907
- 1935 (correct)
Which organization took over dental research in 1928?
Which organization took over dental research in 1928?
- Fédération Dentaire Internationale
- American Dental Association (correct)
- National Bureau of Standards
- International Organization for Standardization
Who developed a more refined method for producing cast inlays in 1907?
Who developed a more refined method for producing cast inlays in 1907?
- Dr.G.V. Black
- International Organization for Standardization
- ADA Council on Scientific Affairs
- Taggert (correct)
Which two organizations are mentioned as part of international standards for dental products?
Which two organizations are mentioned as part of international standards for dental products?
What significant advancement did Dr.G.V. Black contribute to in 1895?
What significant advancement did Dr.G.V. Black contribute to in 1895?
What is the primary focus of dental materials science?
What is the primary focus of dental materials science?
Which material is classified as a preventive dental material?
Which material is classified as a preventive dental material?
What characteristic makes a material ideal for restorative dentistry?
What characteristic makes a material ideal for restorative dentistry?
Which historical figure is considered the Father of modern dentistry?
Which historical figure is considered the Father of modern dentistry?
Which material did Queen Elizabeth I reportedly use for dental fillings?
Which material did Queen Elizabeth I reportedly use for dental fillings?
In which century did Pierre Fauchard describe a method for constructing dentures?
In which century did Pierre Fauchard describe a method for constructing dentures?
What is a significant property of a material used for restorative dentistry?
What is a significant property of a material used for restorative dentistry?
Which of the following best describes the 19th-century advancements in dental materials?
Which of the following best describes the 19th-century advancements in dental materials?
Which material is classified as an indirect restorative material?
Which material is classified as an indirect restorative material?
What is the common ADA specification number for Alginate impression material?
What is the common ADA specification number for Alginate impression material?
Which component is NOT part of the color and optical effect in dental materials?
Which component is NOT part of the color and optical effect in dental materials?
What does viscosity specifically measure in dental materials?
What does viscosity specifically measure in dental materials?
What is a characteristic of low viscous materials?
What is a characteristic of low viscous materials?
Which of the following describes thixotropy in materials?
Which of the following describes thixotropy in materials?
What property governs heat transfer through a material in dental applications?
What property governs heat transfer through a material in dental applications?
Which term refers to the dominant color of an object?
Which term refers to the dominant color of an object?
What defines creep in materials?
What defines creep in materials?
Which property measures the speed at which temperature changes spread through an object?
Which property measures the speed at which temperature changes spread through an object?
What describes an insulator in terms of thermal properties?
What describes an insulator in terms of thermal properties?
What occurs as a result of electrochemical reactions in metals?
What occurs as a result of electrochemical reactions in metals?
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion defined as?
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion defined as?
What leads to galvanism in patients with dental materials?
What leads to galvanism in patients with dental materials?
Which of the following best describes compressive stress?
Which of the following best describes compressive stress?
What is an example of shear stress?
What is an example of shear stress?
What does stress measure in terms of material properties?
What does stress measure in terms of material properties?
What happens when a material reaches its proportional limit?
What happens when a material reaches its proportional limit?
What is the ultimate strength of the material mentioned?
What is the ultimate strength of the material mentioned?
Which type of stress causes material fracture from tensile forces?
Which type of stress causes material fracture from tensile forces?
What defines ductility in materials?
What defines ductility in materials?
What does malleability refer to in materials?
What does malleability refer to in materials?
What is the Knoop hardness test used for?
What is the Knoop hardness test used for?
What type of strength is specifically associated with shear stress?
What type of strength is specifically associated with shear stress?
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Study Notes
Dental Materials: Background and History
- Dental materials encompass the science of substances used in dentistry, covering their chemical and physical properties, manipulation, and applications.
- Preventive dental materials include pit and fissure sealants and glass ionomers; restorative materials repair or replace tooth structure.
- Auxiliary materials serve supportive roles in various dental procedures, while ideal restorative materials are biocompatible and bond permanently to tooth structures, imitating the properties of enamel and dentin.
Historical Figures in Dentistry
- Ambroise Paré (1509-1590) used lead or cork for dental fillings, emphasizing early material innovations.
- Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) filled tooth cavities with cloth fragments.
- Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), known as the "Father of Modern Dentistry," introduced techniques for restorations using tin foil and developed methods for denture construction from ivory.
Advances in Dental Materials
- Significant developments occurred in the 19th century, particularly with Dr. G.V. Black's contributions to scientific principles in 1895 and the establishment of dental standards by the ADA in 1928.
- Notable materials include polymerized acrylic resin, introduced in 1935, enhancing denture construction.
Types of Dental Materials
- Classifications include:
- Restorative materials: both direct and indirect, temporary and long-term.
- Preventive materials: aimed at maintaining dental health.
- Auxiliary materials: support various dental functions.
ADA Specification Numbers
- Numerous specifications exist for dental materials, including:
- No. 1 for Dental Amalgam Alloy.
- No. 25 for Dental Gypsum.
- No. 39 for Pits and Fissure Sealants.
Properties of Dental Materials
- Rheology defines material flow: high viscosity materials flow slowly, while low viscosity ones flow readily, affecting ease of manipulation.
- Thermal Properties involve thermal conductivity, differentiating between conductors (high conductivity) and insulators (low conductivity).
- Thermal Diffusivity measures how quickly temperature changes spread through materials.
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion indicates material length changes per degree Celsius in temperature.
Electrochemical Properties
- Corrosion occurs from electrochemical reactions, leading to the dissolution of metals in oral environments.
- Galvanism results from dissimilar metals interacting, causing detectable electrical currents in patients.
- Tarnish reflects surface discoloration of metals from saliva or food interactions.
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
- Includes compressive stress, shear stress, and the concept of reversible vs. irreversible deformation.
- Hardness assesses material's resistance to indentation, while ductility and malleability evaluate deformation under tension and compression.
- Fracture mechanics involve tensile, compressive, and shear strengths, critical for material selection based on performance under various stresses.
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