Dental Materials and Their Applications

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Selection of the most appropriate dental material depends on which of the following factors? (Select all that apply)

  • Type of defect on tooth (correct)
  • Condition of entire mouth (correct)
  • The extent of decay (correct)
  • Whether restoration will be visible (correct)
  • Cost factors (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common dental material?

  • Titanium Alloy (correct)
  • Silver Amalgam
  • Glass Ionomer
  • Composite Resin
  • Gold Alloys

Restorative dental materials are primarily focused on restoring the natural appearance of the tooth.

False (B)

Esthetic dental materials are used to restore teeth to an artistically pleasing appearance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four key aspects of dental materials that a dental assistant needs to know?

<p>General characteristics of materials, selection criteria for each, preparation of material for each procedure, and setup for each material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cross-contamination is a serious concern when handling dental materials.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All dental materials undergo rigorous evaluation and assessment before being marketed to the profession.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for new dental materials?

<p>Must be highly conductive to electricity (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five major properties of dental materials?

<p>Mechanical properties, Thermal properties, Electrical properties, Corrosive properties, and Application properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress involves pulling and stretching a material?

<p>Tensile stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress involves pushing a material together?

<p>Compressive stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress involves the breakdown of a material due to sliding forces?

<p>Shear stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ductility?

<p>Ductility is the measure of a metal's ability to be stretched or drawn into a wire without breaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is malleability?

<p>Malleability is the measure of a metal's ability to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets without breaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thermal properties are important because they influence how materials react to changes in temperature.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is microleakage?

<p>Microleakage is the microscopic space between the tooth structure and the restoration, where fluids and microorganisms can enter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An electrical current can be generated in the mouth when two different metals are present.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three conditions necessary for galvanic action?

<p>Saliva (containing salt), two metallic components of different composition, and the coming together of these conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corrosion is a type of reaction that occurs when metals come into contact with certain corrosive factors like temperature, humidity, and saline.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most corrosion in dental materials is only surface discoloration.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solubility is a crucial property for dental materials, as a highly soluble material can effectively prevent tooth decay.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow property of a dental material?

<p>The flow property refers to the material's ability to be pliable and flow into the tooth preparation smoothly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adhesion?

<p>Adhesion is the force that allows two dissimilar materials to bond together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can wetting, viscosity, surface characteristics, and film thickness affect adhesion?

<p>These factors influence the ability of a liquid material to wet the surface, spread uniformly, and create a strong bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Curing refers to the process of setting a dental material into a hardened permanent state.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curing involves a chemical reaction between two materials?

<p>Auto-cured (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curing involves exposure to a curing light?

<p>Light-cured (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curing involves both chemical and light activation?

<p>Dual-cured (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dental Materials Selection

Choosing the right dental material depends on decay extent, tooth defect type, overall mouth condition, visibility needs, and cost.

Silver Amalgam

A common dental material used for fillings.

Composite Resin

A common dental material used for fillings, often chosen for esthetics.

Glass Ionomer

A dental material used for fillings and other restorations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Temporary Dental Materials

Dental materials used for short-term fixes before permanent restorations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tooth Whitening Products

Materials used to brighten teeth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gold Alloys

Metal alloys containing gold, used for dental restorations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ceramic Castings

Ceramics used in dental restorations, often for aesthetics due to their appearance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Restorative Dentistry

Repairing teeth to restore function and appearance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Esthetic Dentistry

Improving the appearance of teeth and smile.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dental Assistant Knowledge

Dental assistants must know material characteristics, selection criteria, preparation methods, and setup procedures for each material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cross Contamination

Prevention of spreading materials or germs between patients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Evaluation

New dental materials must be tested before use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Toxicity

A new dental material must not harm patients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Tooth Protection

A new dental material must support tooth structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Esthetics

A new dental material should appear similar to natural teeth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Function

A new dental material must work well despite limited access and visibility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Placement

A new dental material must be easy to use and place.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biting Force

The pressure exerted on teeth during chewing, ranging from 40 to over 100lbs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tensile Stress

Stress that pulls and stretches a material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compressive Stress

Stress that pushes a material together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shear Stress

Stress that causes one part of a material to slide over another.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ductility

Ability of a metal to stretch without breaking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Malleability

Ability of a metal to be hammered or shaped without breaking.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thermal Shock

Rapid temperature change that can damage tooth pulp.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Microleakage

Small gaps between a restoration and the tooth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Galvanic Action

Electrical current generated when two different metals are in contact in the mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Solubility

Substance dissolving in another substance, an issue with dental materials.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Flow

The ability of a dental material to be shaped in the mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adhesion

Force that holds different materials to one another in the mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Dental Materials

  • Dental materials selection depends on:

    • Extent of decay
    • Type of tooth defect
    • Mouth condition
    • Visibility of restoration
    • Cost

  • Common dental materials:

    • Silver Amalgam
    • Composite Resin
    • Glass Ionomer
    • Temporary materials
    • Tooth Whitening products
    • Gold Alloys
    • Ceramic castings

Restorative

  • The ability to replace or bring something back to its natural appearance and function

Esthetic

  • Restoring to an artistically pleasing appearance

Dental Assistant Responsibilities

  • General characteristics of materials
  • Selection criteria for each material
  • Material preparation for each procedure
  • Setup for each material

Infection Control

  • Avoid cross-contamination
  • Use gloves, tissues, paper towels, cotton pliers, or gauze when handling material containers

Standardization of Dental Materials

  • All new materials must undergo strict evaluation and assessment before being marketed to the profession

Criteria for New Dental Materials

  • Must not be poisonous or harmful to the body or oral tissues
  • Must help protect tooth and oral tissues
  • Must resemble natural dentition for aesthetics
  • Must conform and function despite limited access, wet conditions, and poor visibility
  • Must be easily formed and placed to restore mouth contour

Properties of Dental Materials

  • Mechanical properties
  • Thermal properties
  • Electrical properties
  • Corrosive properties
  • Application properties

Mechanical Properties

  • Biting forces:
    • Average biting/chewing force with natural dentition = 130-170 lbs molars, 40 lbs incisors
    • Approximately 28,000 lbs of pressure per square inch on a single cusp of a molar
  • Types of stress and strain:
    • Tensile stress: pulls and stretches the material
    • Compressive stress: pushes the material together
    • Shear stress: breakdown of material due to something sliding over the two areas
  • Ductility and malleability:
    • Ductility: measure of a metal's capacity to be stretched or drawn without fracture
    • Malleability: measure of a metal's capacity to be extended in all directions by a compressive force

Thermal Properties

  • Causes contraction and expansion

  • Need to protect the pulp from thermal shock

  • Significantly different rates of contraction and expansion can cause dental materials to pull away from the tooth, causing microleakage

  • Microleakage: microscopic space between tooth structure and the restoration, where fluids and microorganisms can enter

Electrical Properties

  • An electrical current (galvanic action) is created when two different metals are in the oral cavity.
  • Conditions for this to occur:
    • Saliva (contains salt)
    • Two metallic components of different composition

Corrosive Properties

  • Type of reaction within a metal when it comes into contact with corrosive factors (temperature, humidity, and saline)
  • Certain foods cause corrosion of dental materials
  • Most corrosion is only surface discoloration (e.g., tarnish)
  • Solubility:
    • A substance dissolving in another substance
    • Sugar has high solubility
    • Materials that dissolve easily in the oral cavity are limited in use

Application Properties

  • Flow: dental material must be pliable enough to be placed in the preparation.
  • Adhesion: force that causes unlike materials to adhere to each other, affected by wetting, viscosity, surface characteristics, and film thickness
    • Wetting: liquid's ability to flow over a surface and into irregularities (e.g., water)
    • Viscosity: property of a liquid that causes it not to flow easily (e.g., syrup)
    • Surface characteristics: a liquid flows more easily on a rough surface than a smooth surface
    • Film thickness: thinner film leads to stronger adhesive junction (e.g., 25 microns or less for permanent restorations)
  • Retention: ability to hold two things firmly together when they don't naturally adhere (e.g., amalgam filling)
  • Curing/Setting: setting of material into a hardened, permanent state. Categories:
    • Auto-cured: Hardens from a chemical reaction when mixed
    • Light-cured: Does not harden until exposed to a curing light.
    • Dual-cured: Some curing during mixing, final curing with light.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Dental Materials Properties PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser