Podcast
Questions and Answers
Selection of the most appropriate dental material depends on which of the following factors? (Select all that apply)
Selection of the most appropriate dental material depends on which of the following factors? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is NOT a common dental material?
Which of the following is NOT a common dental material?
Restorative dental materials are primarily focused on restoring the natural appearance of the tooth.
Restorative dental materials are primarily focused on restoring the natural appearance of the tooth.
False
Esthetic dental materials are used to restore teeth to an artistically pleasing appearance.
Esthetic dental materials are used to restore teeth to an artistically pleasing appearance.
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What are the four key aspects of dental materials that a dental assistant needs to know?
What are the four key aspects of dental materials that a dental assistant needs to know?
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Cross-contamination is a serious concern when handling dental materials.
Cross-contamination is a serious concern when handling dental materials.
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All dental materials undergo rigorous evaluation and assessment before being marketed to the profession.
All dental materials undergo rigorous evaluation and assessment before being marketed to the profession.
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion for new dental materials?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for new dental materials?
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What are the five major properties of dental materials?
What are the five major properties of dental materials?
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What type of stress involves pulling and stretching a material?
What type of stress involves pulling and stretching a material?
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What type of stress involves pushing a material together?
What type of stress involves pushing a material together?
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What type of stress involves the breakdown of a material due to sliding forces?
What type of stress involves the breakdown of a material due to sliding forces?
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What is ductility?
What is ductility?
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What is malleability?
What is malleability?
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Thermal properties are important because they influence how materials react to changes in temperature.
Thermal properties are important because they influence how materials react to changes in temperature.
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What is microleakage?
What is microleakage?
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An electrical current can be generated in the mouth when two different metals are present.
An electrical current can be generated in the mouth when two different metals are present.
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What are the three conditions necessary for galvanic action?
What are the three conditions necessary for galvanic action?
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Corrosion is a type of reaction that occurs when metals come into contact with certain corrosive factors like temperature, humidity, and saline.
Corrosion is a type of reaction that occurs when metals come into contact with certain corrosive factors like temperature, humidity, and saline.
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Most corrosion in dental materials is only surface discoloration.
Most corrosion in dental materials is only surface discoloration.
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Solubility is a crucial property for dental materials, as a highly soluble material can effectively prevent tooth decay.
Solubility is a crucial property for dental materials, as a highly soluble material can effectively prevent tooth decay.
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What is the flow property of a dental material?
What is the flow property of a dental material?
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What is adhesion?
What is adhesion?
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How can wetting, viscosity, surface characteristics, and film thickness affect adhesion?
How can wetting, viscosity, surface characteristics, and film thickness affect adhesion?
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Curing refers to the process of setting a dental material into a hardened permanent state.
Curing refers to the process of setting a dental material into a hardened permanent state.
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Which type of curing involves a chemical reaction between two materials?
Which type of curing involves a chemical reaction between two materials?
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Which type of curing involves exposure to a curing light?
Which type of curing involves exposure to a curing light?
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Which type of curing involves both chemical and light activation?
Which type of curing involves both chemical and light activation?
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Study Notes
Dental Materials
-
Dental materials selection depends on:
- Extent of decay
- Type of tooth defect
- Mouth condition
- Visibility of restoration
- Cost
-
Common dental materials:
- Silver Amalgam
- Composite Resin
- Glass Ionomer
- Temporary materials
- Tooth Whitening products
- Gold Alloys
- Ceramic castings
Restorative
- The ability to replace or bring something back to its natural appearance and function
Esthetic
- Restoring to an artistically pleasing appearance
Dental Assistant Responsibilities
- General characteristics of materials
- Selection criteria for each material
- Material preparation for each procedure
- Setup for each material
Infection Control
- Avoid cross-contamination
- Use gloves, tissues, paper towels, cotton pliers, or gauze when handling material containers
Standardization of Dental Materials
- All new materials must undergo strict evaluation and assessment before being marketed to the profession
Criteria for New Dental Materials
- Must not be poisonous or harmful to the body or oral tissues
- Must help protect tooth and oral tissues
- Must resemble natural dentition for aesthetics
- Must conform and function despite limited access, wet conditions, and poor visibility
- Must be easily formed and placed to restore mouth contour
Properties of Dental Materials
- Mechanical properties
- Thermal properties
- Electrical properties
- Corrosive properties
- Application properties
Mechanical Properties
- Biting forces:
- Average biting/chewing force with natural dentition = 130-170 lbs molars, 40 lbs incisors
- Approximately 28,000 lbs of pressure per square inch on a single cusp of a molar
- Types of stress and strain:
- Tensile stress: pulls and stretches the material
- Compressive stress: pushes the material together
- Shear stress: breakdown of material due to something sliding over the two areas
- Ductility and malleability:
- Ductility: measure of a metal's capacity to be stretched or drawn without fracture
- Malleability: measure of a metal's capacity to be extended in all directions by a compressive force
Thermal Properties
-
Causes contraction and expansion
-
Need to protect the pulp from thermal shock
-
Significantly different rates of contraction and expansion can cause dental materials to pull away from the tooth, causing microleakage
-
Microleakage: microscopic space between tooth structure and the restoration, where fluids and microorganisms can enter
Electrical Properties
- An electrical current (galvanic action) is created when two different metals are in the oral cavity.
- Conditions for this to occur:
- Saliva (contains salt)
- Two metallic components of different composition
Corrosive Properties
- Type of reaction within a metal when it comes into contact with corrosive factors (temperature, humidity, and saline)
- Certain foods cause corrosion of dental materials
- Most corrosion is only surface discoloration (e.g., tarnish)
- Solubility:
- A substance dissolving in another substance
- Sugar has high solubility
- Materials that dissolve easily in the oral cavity are limited in use
Application Properties
- Flow: dental material must be pliable enough to be placed in the preparation.
- Adhesion: force that causes unlike materials to adhere to each other, affected by wetting, viscosity, surface characteristics, and film thickness
- Wetting: liquid's ability to flow over a surface and into irregularities (e.g., water)
- Viscosity: property of a liquid that causes it not to flow easily (e.g., syrup)
- Surface characteristics: a liquid flows more easily on a rough surface than a smooth surface
- Film thickness: thinner film leads to stronger adhesive junction (e.g., 25 microns or less for permanent restorations)
- Retention: ability to hold two things firmly together when they don't naturally adhere (e.g., amalgam filling)
- Curing/Setting: setting of material into a hardened, permanent state. Categories:
- Auto-cured: Hardens from a chemical reaction when mixed
- Light-cured: Does not harden until exposed to a curing light.
- Dual-cured: Some curing during mixing, final curing with light.
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Description
This quiz explores various dental materials and their selection criteria based on factors such as decay extent and tooth type. It also covers the responsibilities of dental assistants, infection control measures, and the standardization process of dental materials. Test your knowledge on the materials used in restorative and esthetic dentistry!
