Dental Materials and Forces Quiz

The change in length per unit length for a 1°C change in temperature.

Measures how much a material expands or contracts linearly when heated or cooled.

Gaps or openings at the edges of a restoration, allowing bacteria and liquids in.

Heat needed to change 1 gram of solid material to liquid at its melting point.

Heat released when 1 gram of liquid changes to solid at its freezing point.

Temperature at which a material changes from solid to liquid state.

Heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.

A crystal structure where atoms are located at each corner of a cube and one atom at the center of the cube. There are two atoms per unit cell.

Two atoms per unit cell in BCC structure.

A crystal structure with atoms at each corner and the center of each face of the cube. Four atoms per unit cell.

Four atoms per unit cell in FCC.

A hexagonal unit cell with atoms located at each corner, with fractional atoms in each and the center of each face. Three atoms per unit cell.

A hexagonal unit cell with atoms at each corner and face center, plus three atoms closer to make total of six.

The fraction of space in a crystal structure occupied by atoms.

Materials with a higher Atomic Packing Factor (APF) generally have higher density, stability, and strength.

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a metal by 1°C.

Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a nonmetal by 1°C.

Rate at which a material reaches thermal equilibrium.

Measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.

Sudden, extreme temperature change causing damage.

Material's ability to carry electrical current.

Measure of a material's opposition to current flow.

Restoration of tooth color and appearance is an important goal.

Repeated decay in a 2-year-old acrylic resin restoration.

Patient discomfort caused by an amalgam or gold filling close to the pulp.

Ceramic veneer color that doesn't match adjacent teeth though matching shade guide.

Properties describing how materials behave under forces/loads.

Action causing displacement, acceleration, and/or deformation in a body.

A force acting steadily or unchanging over time.

A force that changes over time.

System where external forces are balanced.

Internal balance in an object due to an internal reaction.

Internal reaction balancing an external force.

The average force applied when biting in the molar region.

Dental adhesive that removes the smear layer and demineralizes tooth structure using 10% maleic acid or acidic monomers to prepare the tooth for bonding.

Pain or discomfort felt in teeth after a dental procedure, often connected to tooth preparation, involving etching.

A method of bonding that uses a self-etching adhesive combined with a phosphoric acid treatment, targeting the enamel margins only.

The study of metals and alloys.

An element that ionizes positively in solution and is usually a crystalline solid (except mercury and gallium).

Electrons in a metallic solid that are not bound to individual atoms, and can move freely throughout the metal.

Elements with properties in-between metals and nonmetals; found at the boundary between them in the periodic table.

Metals ionize positively in solution, exist as crystalline solids (except mercury and gallium which are liquids at room temperature) and have a metallic luster.

Primary bonds (e.g., metallic) create stronger adhesion than secondary bonds (e.g., van der Waals).

Adhesive failure (adhesive-adherend separation), cohesive failure of the adhesive, and cohesive failure of the adherend.

Reduces marginal leakage (gaps), provides denture retention, enables bonding agents, and facilitates ceramo-metallic restorations.

Inhomogeneous enamel/dentin composition, surface irregularities, cavity debris, and water film on the tooth surface.

Enamel and dentin are not uniformly composed; they have both organic and inorganic components.

Prepared cavities often have pits, fissures, and scratches that prevent adhesives from properly contacting all surfaces.

Microscopically, the prepared cavity surface is typically covered in debris which can interfere with complete adhesive wetting.

A thin water film on tooth surfaces prevents the adhesive from creating a strong bond.

Surface treatments improve the bonding of materials to enamel and dentin by modifying the surface characteristics.