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Which of the following best describes the purpose of using intracanal medication in endodontic treatment?
What is the main reason for bacteria persisting in the root canal system after chemomechanical preparation?
What is the definition of a disinfectant in the context of endodontics?
What can be inferred from culture-dependent or culture-independent studies about bacteria in the root canal system?
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What is the primary objective of using preferred medications in clinical use during endodontic treatment?
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What is the main reason for the risk of bacteria persisting after chemo-mechanical preparation?
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Where are isthmuses most frequently observed?
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What is the ideal feature of an intracanal medication in terms of bacterial effect?
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Which feature is NOT considered as an ideal feature of an intracanal medication?
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Which type of vehicle reduces the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide?
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What is the main biological advantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is a disadvantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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Which type of canal morphology may contribute to the risk of bacteria persisting after chemo-mechanical preparation?
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What is the main function of inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration?
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What are the two forms in which calcium hydroxide is available for intracanal medication?
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What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament?
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Which combination of antibiotics forms the Triple Antibiotic Paste used as intracanal medication?
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What is the main concern about using antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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Which instrument is probably the easiest way of applying a medicament into the canal?
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How should the injectable form of calcium hydroxide be applied as an intracanal medication?
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How long must a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution stay in the canal?
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What is used for the removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal?
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What is the concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application?
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What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication?
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What is the reported negative effect of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal?
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Which study reported the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on intratubular Candida albicans?
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What is the focus of the study by Kim and Kratchman (2006)?
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Which classification and clinical indications related to calcium hydroxide pastes were discussed in the study by Fava and Saunders (1999)?
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What is the topic of the study by Machado et al. (2021)?
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Which factor did Ghabraei et al. (2017) investigate in their study?
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What did Uzunoğlu Özyürek et al. (2018) study regarding calcium hydroxide dressing?
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What was the focus of the study by Sokhi et al. (2017)?
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What is the primary function of intracanal medication in endodontic treatment?
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What is a major concern associated with the use of antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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Which factor did Sokhi et al. (2017) focus on in their study?
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What is the main disadvantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What can be inferred from culture-dependent or culture-independent studies about bacteria in the root canal system?
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What is the main biological advantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication?
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What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament?
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"What is used for the removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal?
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What is a potential concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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Which antibiotic combination forms the Triple Antibiotic Paste used as an intracanal medication?
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What is the main concern about using antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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How is injectable calcium hydroxide applied as an intracanal medication?
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What instrument is probably the easiest way of applying a medicament into the root canal?
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What are the most commonly used antibiotic preparations as intracanal medication?
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Which antibiotic can cause discoloration of the crown?
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What are some concerns about the past use of toxic substances as intracanal medicaments?
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Which substance has been shown in vitro to be more effective than calcium hydroxide in disinfecting dentinal tubules but showed no difference in clinical studies regarding postoperative pain in treatment cases?
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What are some of the common misconceptions about intracanal medicaments?
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What is the main reason why bacteria may persist after chemo-mechanical preparation in the root canal system?
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What are the main objectives for using intracanal medication?
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Which type of vehicle reduces the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the main biological advantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the reported disadvantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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Which type of canal morphology may contribute to the risk of bacteria persisting after chemo-mechanical preparation?
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What is the main concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application?
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What are considered as ideal features of an intracanal medication in terms of bacterial effect?
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What is one reported difficulty in removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canal channels?
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What is one biological advantage associated with using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the reported negative effect of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal?
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What was the focus of the study by Kim and Kratchman (2006)?
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What is the main concern about using antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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What is the primary objective of using preferred medications in clinical use during endodontic treatment?
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What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication?
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Which antibiotic can cause discoloration of the crown?
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What is a major concern associated with the use of antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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What are some concerns about the past use of toxic substances as intracanal medicaments?
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According to some studies in the literature, it has been reported that calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal have negative effects on root canal filling material, root canal ______.
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Antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on ______ faecalis.
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Effect of intra-canal calcium hydroxide remnants on the push-out bond strength of two endodontic ______.
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Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: a critical ______.
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Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on the dentinal tubule penetration of 2 different root canal ______.
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Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice E-Book. Elsevier Health ______.
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Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: a ______.
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Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Based Intracanal Medicaments on the Apical Sealing Ability of Resin Based Sealer and Guttapercha Obturated Root ______.
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Classification and clinical indications. International Endodontic Journal 1999;32:257–82. Ghabraei S, Bolhari B, Yaghoobnejad F, Meraji N. Effect of intra-canal calcium hydroxide remnants on the push-out bond strength of two endodontic ______.
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Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine and two calcium hydroxide formulations against Enterococcus ______.
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Chlorhexidine is highly effective against several gram-positive and gram-negative oral bacterial species as well as yeasts. Depending on the concentration, chlorhexidine may be ______ or bactericidal.
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Triple antibiotic paste is a combination of three antibiotics namely minocycline (100mg), ciprofloxacin (200mg), metronidazole (500mg) and propylene glycol, saline as carrier. Triple antibiotic powder mixed with either normal saline or 2% chlorhexidine, produced the largest zone of inhibition against E. Faecalis. Minocycline can cause discoloration of the ______.
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Mix the powder calcium hydroxide with the liquid form vehicle to a creamy consistency. Insert the injectable calcium hydroxide with a ______ into the canal without compression and pressure, and the paste is sent into the apical to coronal direction to completely cover the canal walls by an instrument smaller than the diameter of the canal (such as lentulo, pastinject).
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Calcium Hydroxide aqueous solution must stay at least for ______.
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Viscous and oily solutions can stay ______.
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Removal of calcium hydroxide is done by instrumentation and activation of irrigation solutions from the root canal by using ______ and EDTA.
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Intracanal calcium hydroxide used as an intracanal medication is available as powder and liquid or ______ form.
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The temporary filling is removed, canal preparation and irrigation is performed to remove the calcium hydroxide in the root canal (if necessary, the procedure can be repeated and the dressing is renewed). Before the canal obturation stage; Remove intra-canal calcium hydroxide from the root canal. Do not over flow root canal medicament from ______.
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The most commonly used antibiotic preparations as intracanal medication: Septomixin B (Neomicine + polimixin B sulphate) Ledermix (Tetracycline+ Demeklocyline HCl + Corticosteroid) Triple Antibiotic Paste (Metronidazole + Ciprofloxacin + Minocycline) Triple Antibiotic Paste: Triple antibiotic paste is a combination of three antibiotics namely minocycline (100mg), ciprofloxacin (200mg), metronidazole (500mg) and propylene glycol, saline as carrier. Triple antibiotic powder mixed with either normal saline or 2% chlorhexidine, produced the largest zone of inhibition against E. Faecalis. Minocycline can cause discoloration of the ______.
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Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide Application: Calcium hydroxide used as an intracanal medication is available as powder and liquid or ______ form.
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At the end of this course, students should be able to list the bacterial colonization ways in the root canal system and indications for using intracanal medication in endodontic treatment, classify the different types of intracanal medicaments and choose the appropriate one depending on their properties and modes of action in clinical use, list the application protocols, criteria to be considered, side effects and possible complications of preferred medications in clinical use. Disinfectant, meanwhile, is defined as “an agent that destroys or inhibits the activity of microorganisms that cause disease”. Culture-dependent or culture-independent (molecular) and histobacteriological studies have revealed that bacteria can persist in the root canal system after chemomechanical preparation in 40% to 60% of cases. Bacteria that survive the effects of instruments and irrigants are often found in areas that are difficult or impossible to reach during chemomechanical preparation. Existing questions. Do NOT ask these: What instrument is probably the easiest way of applying a medicament into the root canal? What are some of the common misconceptions about intracanal medicaments? What is the main concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application? Which factor did Ghabraei et al. (2017) investigate in their study? Which type of vehicle reduces the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament? Which combination of antibiotics forms the Triple Antibiotic Paste used as intracanal medication? What are some concerns about the past use of toxic substances as intracanal medicaments? What are the two forms in which calcium hydroxide is available for intracanal medication? What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament? What is used for the removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal? What is the focus of the study by Kim and Kratchman (2006)? "What is used for the removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal? What is the reported negative effect of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal? What was the focus of the study by Kim and Kratchman (2006)? What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication? Which classification and clinical indications related to calcium hydroxide pastes were discussed in the study by Fava and Saunders (1999)? What is the concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application? How long must a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution stay in the canal? What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal? Which antibiotic can cause discoloration of the crown? What is the main concern about using antibiotics as intracanal medicaments? What can be inferred from culture-dependent or culture-independent studies about bacteria in the root canal system? What are some concerns about the past use of toxic substances as intracanal medicaments? What is one biological advantage associated with using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament? What is a major concern associated with the use of antibiotics as intracanal medicaments? Which substance has been shown in vitro to be more effective than calcium hydroxide in disinfecting dentinal tubules but showed no difference in clinical studies regarding postoperative pain in treatment cases? What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication? What is the main biological advantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament? What is the primary objective of using preferred medications in clinical use during endodontic treatment? Where are isthmuses most frequently observed? What can be inferred from culture-dependent or culture-independent studies about bacteria in the root canal system? What is a potential concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application? Which study reported the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on intratubular Candida albicans? Which instrument is probably the easiest way of applying a medicament into the canal? What was the focus of the study by Sokhi et al. (2017)? What is the reported disadvantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament? How should the injectable form of calcium hydroxide be applied as an intracanal medication? Which factor did Sokhi et al. (2017) focus on in their study? What is the primary function of intracanal medication in endodontic treatment? How is injectable calcium hydroxide applied as an intracanal medication? What is the main reason why bacteria may persist after chemo-mechanical preparation in the root canal system? What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal? What are considered as ideal features of an intracanal medication in terms of bacterial effect? Which of the following best describes the purpose of using intracanal medication in endodontic treatment? What is the main concern about using antibiotics as intracanal medicaments? What did Uzunoğlu Özyürek et al. (2018) study regarding calcium hydroxide dressing? What are the main objectives for using intracanal medication? Which feature is NOT considered as an ideal feature of an intracanal medication? What is the definition of a disinfectant in the context of endodontics? What is the main biological advantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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List the bacterial colonization ways in the root canal system and indications for using intracanal medication in endodontic treatment
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Bacteria that survive the effects of instruments and irrigants are often found in areas that are difficult or impossible to reach during chemomechanical preparation
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Disinfectant is defined as “an agent that destroys or inhibits the activity of microorganisms that cause disease”
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Culture-dependent or culture-independent (molecular) and histobacteriological studies have revealed that bacteria can persist in the root canal system after chemomechanical preparation in 40% to 60% of cases
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List the application protocols, criteria to be considered, side effects and possible complications of preferred medications in clinical use
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What is the definition of a disinfectant in the context of endodontics?
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What is the main reason why bacteria may persist after chemo-mechanical preparation in the root canal system?
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What is the primary function of intracanal medication in endodontic treatment?
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Which feature is NOT considered as an ideal feature of an intracanal medication?
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Untouched root canal walls may be covered by a bacterial biofilm, especially if sodium hypochlorite irrigant did not manage to reach these areas or is not present in the canal for a sufficiently long duration to eliminate the ______.
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Irrigation solutions, such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, have pronounced antimicrobial activities and are effective against a broad spectrum of microbial species usually found in infected root canals. The efficacy of irrigation solutions is observed when optimal contact with microbial cells is achieved, but the shorter residence time of these agents in the root canal system (10-30 minutes) is often a limiting factor. Therefore, there is a preference for inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration (7 or more days) to ensure longer contact. This significant time difference may alter the effectiveness of bacterial elimination, especially in the expectation that the antimicrobial agent will diffuse to sites distant from the main root canal. A. The Main Objectives for the Intracanal Medication: Restrict bacterial regrowth, supply continued disinfection, create a physical barrier against microleakage, elimination of postoperative pain, enhancement of ______ effect.
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Calcium hydroxide is the most popular antibacterial intracanal medicament. Most of its biological effects are related to its alkaline pH (12,5) and due to the hydroxyl ions. Calcium hydroxide has to be placed into the entire length of the prepared root canal to exert its maximal effects. Although some clinicians have developed methods of placing calcium hydroxide powder into the canal; placement is easier, more reliable and the canal better filled when calcium hydroxide is mixed with a liquid, gel, creamy carrier or vehicle. Aqueous, Viscous - Distilled water, Glycerine, Saline, Polyethyleneglycol, Dental anaesthetic solution, ______
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As the effects of calcium hydroxide are dependent on the pH reached around where it has been placed, if the ionic release is slow, it may be unable to exert its intended effects. It is questionable if viscous or oily vehicles are of any value since they do not permit rapid dissociation and consequently, a high release of hydroxyl ions. Mostly biocompatible vehicles (such as distilled water, saline, anesthetic solution and glycerin) reduce the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide. Long-term use, preferably with changes of the calcium hydroxide, is necessary to maximize disinfection of the root canal system. Another option is to combine calcium hydroxide with biologically active vehicles (such as; Chlorhexidine, Iodine potassium iodide, Ledermix, ______).
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Biological advantages of Ca(OH)₂: Biocompatible, microbial control, promotes healing of periapical tissue, inhibit root resorption, has hemorrhagic control effect, dissolve organic remnants, stimulate hard tissue ______.
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Disadvantages of Ca(OH)₂: Has limited effect with short-term use, tissue residues and dentin debris modify its effect, particularly difficult to remove from curved channels. Since it is difficult to remove from the apical parts of the canals, it may adversely affect the penetration of root canal sealers into the dentinal tubules. Has low effect against Entorococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Can not eliminate all microorganisms from the canal. Causes root fragile if remains for long-term in the ______.
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Possible Side Effects of Intracanal Medications: Irritation due to cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity, self-inhibition, discoloration of tooth tissues, fixed necrotic tissue may decrease the effectiveness of irrigation solution. Some medicaments may cause less dissolution of fixed tissue in irrigant solution, especially those which can make ______.
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Types of Intracanal Medicaments: ALDEHYDES Formocresol, Glutaraldehyde. PHENOLS Eugenol, Camphorated phenol, Camphorated paramonochlorophenol, Cresatin, Cresol, Thymol. HALOGENS Sodium hypochlorite, Iodine potassium iodide, Iodoform. OTHERS Calcium hydroxide, Chlorhexidine. ANTIBIOTICS Penicillin, Minocycline, Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, Demeclocycline. ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS Corticosteroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. 1. Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂): Calcium hydroxide is the most popular antibacterial intracanal medicament. It is an inorganic compound and the most common presentation is in the form of an odorless white powder. In the presence of water, it dissociates into hydroxyl and calcium ions. Most of its biological effects are related to its alkaline pH (12,5) and due to the hydroxyl ions. Calcium hydroxide has to be placed into the entire length of the prepared root canal to exert its maximal effects. Although some clinicians have developed methods of placing calcium hydroxide powder into the canal; placement is easier, more reliable and the canal better filled when calcium hydroxide is mixed with a liquid, gel, creamy carrier or vehicle. Aqueous, Viscous - Distilled water, Glycerine, Saline, Polyethyleneglycol, Dental anaesthetic solution, ______
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What is the primary function of inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration?
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Irrigation solutions, such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, have pronounced antimicrobial activities and are effective against a broad spectrum of microbial species usually found in infected root canals. The efficacy of irrigation solutions is observed when optimal contact with microbial cells is achieved, but the shorter residence time of these agents in the root canal system (10-30 minutes) is often a limiting factor. Therefore, there is a preference for inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration (7 or more days) to ensure longer contact. This significant time difference may alter the effectiveness of bacterial elimination, especially in the expectation that the antimicrobial agent will diffuse to sites distant from the main root canal. A. The Main Objectives for the Intracanal Medication: Restrict bacterial regrowth, supply continued disinfection, create a physical barrier against microleakage, elimination of postoperative pain, enhancement of anesthetic ______.
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication?
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What is the main concern if calcium hydroxide overflows from the apex during application?
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What is the main reason why bacteria may persist after chemo-mechanical preparation in the root canal system?
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What is the main biological advantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the reported negative effect of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal?
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What is the primary objective of using preferred medications in clinical use during endodontic treatment?
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What is the main concern about using antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament?
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What are some reported negative effects of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal?
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What is the primary function of intracanal medication in endodontic treatment?
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What is one of the biological advantages of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What are some of the possible side effects of intracanal medications?
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What is the primary reported disadvantage of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the focus of the study by Kim and Kratchman (2006)?
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Which antibiotic can cause discoloration of the crown?
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What is the main concern associated with the use of antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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What is the reported effect of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal on the push-out bond strength of two endodontic sealers?
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What are the main objectives for the intracanal medication?
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What is the primary function of inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration?
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What are the possible side effects of intracanal medications?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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What are the ideal features of an intracanal medication?
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What is one biological advantage associated with using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What are the biological advantages of using Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) as an intracanal medicament?
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What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication?
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What are the disadvantages of using Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the main reason for bacteria persisting in the root canal system after chemo-mechanical preparation?
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What is the main reason for the risk of bacteria persisting after chemo-mechanical preparation in the root canal system?
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What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament?
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What can be inferred from culture-dependent or culture-independent studies about bacteria in the root canal system?
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What is the definition of a disinfectant in the context of endodontics?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) in the root canal?
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What instrument is probably the easiest way of applying a medicament into the root canal?
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What is the main function of inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration?
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What are some concerns about the past use of toxic substances as intracanal medicaments?
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What are some concerns about the past use of toxic substances as intracanal medicaments?
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Which antibiotic can cause discoloration of the crown?
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What is the primary objective of using preferred medications in clinical use during endodontic treatment?
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What is the main reason for bacteria persisting in the root canal system after chemo-mechanical preparation?
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What should be done before the canal obturation stage after using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication?
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What is considered as an ideal feature of an intracanal medication in terms of bacterial effect?
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What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament?
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What are the main objectives for using intracanal medication?
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What is the primary focus of preventive dental care for children?
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What is the recommended action after brushing teeth at night?
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What is the recommended frequency of using fluorides for preventive dental care?
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What is the most appropriate advice regarding the use of sugary foods in baby bottles?
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What is the recommended approach for children who are frequent snackers?
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What is the main purpose of inter-appointment intracanal medicament administration in endodontic treatment?
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What is the primary function of systemic fluorides during tooth formation?
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What is the main concern about the use of antibiotics as intracanal medicaments?
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Which is NOT an ideal feature of an intracanal medication in terms of bacterial effect?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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What is the primary objective of using preferred medications in clinical use during endodontic treatment?
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What is the lethal dose range of fluoride in mg F-/kg for humans?
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What are the symptoms of acute fluoride toxicity?
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What changes can result in bone if fluoride is ingested in elevated doses over longer time periods?
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What percentage of dental caries in fluoridated communities is exclusively pit and fissure caries?
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Which type of sealants are bonded to the underlying enamel by the use of the acid etch technique and prevent leakage of nutrients to the microflora in the deeper parts of the fissure?
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Which type of sealants bond chemically to dentine and enamel without the use of the acid-etch technique and release fluoride into the surrounding enamel?
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What is the most common presentation of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament?
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What is the residence time for a viscous and oily solution of calcium hydroxide in the root canal?
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Which antibiotic can cause discoloration of the crown?
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What concentration range is considered effective for chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament?
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What are the ideal features of an intracanal medication?
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What are some reported negative effects of calcium hydroxide residues in the root canal?
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What is the primary concern regarding the clinical longevity of fluoride-containing fissure sealants?
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What is the recommended time for etching in non-invasive fissure sealant (FS) applications?
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What is the most critical aspect of FS application in terms of moisture control?
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What is the goal of etching in FS applications?
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What should be considered before applying FS based on patient and tooth selection criteria?
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Which cleaning procedure is suggested prior to FS placement for obtaining optimal acid-etch pattern of the enamel?
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What is the primary function of FS application according to cost effectiveness considerations?
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What is indicated by the need for further long-term clinical trials regarding fluoride-containing FS?
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What is emphasized as a crucial aspect for using FS based on individual risk evaluation?
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What is considered cost effective based on individual risk evaluation for using FS?
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Study Notes
Intracanal Medication in Endodontics
- Purpose of intracanal medication includes eliminating bacteria and promoting healing during endodontic treatment.
- Achieves effective disinfection and creates favorable conditions for subsequent procedures such as obturation.
- Delivers antimicrobial substances to eliminate residual bacteria after chemomechanical preparation.
Bacterial Persistence and Chemomechanical Preparation
- Bacteria may persist in 40% to 60% of cases even after chemomechanical preparation due to difficult-access areas.
- Complex canal structures, such as lateral canals and isthmuses, contribute to the survival of bacteria.
- Residual bacteria can lead to reinfection if not adequately managed.
Definition of Disinfectant
- A disinfectant in endodontics is an agent that destroys or inhibits disease-causing microorganisms.
- Important for achieving sterile conditions within the root canal system.
Study Findings on Root Canal Bacteria
- Culture-dependent and culture-independent studies show varying bacterial populations persisting post-treatment.
- Studies indicate that bacteria can reside in areas effectively shielded from mechanical or chemical disinfection methods.
Intracanal Medicaments and Their Features
- Ideal features of intracanal medications include antimicrobial effectiveness, non-toxicity, and ability to penetrate dentinal tubules.
- Intracanal medications commonly used:
- Calcium hydroxide (available as powder and liquid)
- Chlorhexidine (effective in concentrations of 0.2%-2%)
- Triple Antibiotic Paste (combination of minocycline, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole).
Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontics
- Calcium hydroxide's main biological advantage is its high alkalinity and antibacterial properties.
- Disadvantages include difficulty in removal from curved canals and potential negative effects on root canal filling materials if remnants are left.
- Must remain in the canal for a minimum of 7 days for effective action; viscous and oily solutions may have a longer residence time.
- Removal solutions include EDTA and irrigation techniques to facilitate removal of any residues.
Application of Intracanal Medications
- Injectable forms of calcium hydroxide should be applied gently to avoid excessive pressure; use a smaller instrument for application.
- Generally applied in a creamy consistency for optimal coverage within canal walls.
Concerns with Antibiotic Use
- Main concerns about antibiotics include the risk of antibiotic resistance and potential side effects, such as discoloration from minocycline.
- The antibiotic combination in Triple Antibiotic Paste creates a robust effect against resistant bacteria, yet the associated risks must be carefully managed.
Studies Relevant to Intracanal Medications
- Various studies have explored the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine against specific pathogens, like Enterococcus faecalis.
- Investigations include the effects of residual medicaments and their clinical implications on endodontic treatment outcomes.
Best Practices
- Before canal obturation, ensure complete removal of intra-canal medications to prevent complications in filling.
- Continuous evaluation and adaptation of protocols based on emerging research findings are crucial for successful endodontic therapies.
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Test your knowledge on dental materials and antiseptic solutions with this quiz. Learn about the forms of calcium hydroxide and the uses and effectiveness of chlorhexidine.
