Dental Infection Control and Immunization
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of removing organic debris in order for disinfection to occur?

  • Sanitization (correct)
  • Disinfection
  • Sterilization
  • Bacteriostatic

    • What type of agent destroys bacteria, fungi, or viruses?

  • Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal (correct)
  • Disinfectant
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Sanitizer

    • What is the process that will destroy all forms of life, especially microorganisms?

  • Disinfection
  • Sanitization
  • Decontamination
  • Sterilization (correct)

    • What is the purpose of disinfection?

    <p>To destroy or inhibit most pathogenic agents on an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agent inhibits the increase in the number of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why cannot disinfection occur in the presence of organic debris?

    <p>Because organic debris prevents the disinfectant from reaching the microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary component of a dental personnel's immunization record?

    <p>Vaccination against Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of patient screening in infection control?

    <p>To identify the patient's infectious status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is hand hygiene the most important aseptic procedure in preventing healthcare-associated infections?

    <p>Because hands are the most common mode of pathogen transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the components of good handwashing?

    <p>Cleaning nails and skin thoroughly to remove all visible soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 5 moments for hand hygiene approach?

    <p>To define the key moments for hand hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommendation to maintain hand hygiene?

    <p>Having short nails and removing all hand jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings?

    <p>To protect the DHCP from exposure to infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of PPE that is less frequently used in healthcare settings?

    <p>Shoe and head covers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be worn for each patient?

    <p>A new pair of gloves only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after touching the patient and prepared instruments, equipment, and supplies?

    <p>Touch nothing else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should gloves be removed?

    <p>When leaving the clinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of wearing PPE?

    <p>Protective clothing, protective eyewear, mask, gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should sharp instruments be handled?

    <p>By angling them away from both the doctor and the coworkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with used needles?

    <p>Place them directly into the designated puncture-proof disposal container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the golden rule of infection control?

    <p>All patients should be treated as if they are infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique should be used for needle recapping?

    <p>The one-handed 'scoop' technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to impressions, prosthetics, or appliances after removal from a patient's mouth?

    <p>They should be disinfected as soon as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to run handpieces after use on each patient?

    <p>To discharge water and air that may be contaminated with patient material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to low-volume suction lines between patients?

    <p>They should be disinfected with a waterline cleaner/disinfectant for 2 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should extracted teeth be stored before being used in dental educational settings?

    <p>In a sealed container to avoid contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to extracted teeth before they are manipulated in dental educational exercises?

    <p>They should be cleaned by scrubbing with detergent and water, then immersed in a fresh solution of sodium hypochlorite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after handling extracted teeth?

    <p>Gloves should be disposed of properly, and hands should be washed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization?

    <p>Minimal rust and corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which handpiece must be subjected to heat sterilization?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instruments must be heat sterilized between patients?

    <p>All instruments that can withstand repeated heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be chemically sterilized?

    <p>Glass mixing slabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be discarded and not reused after patient treatment?

    <p>All single use or disposable items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization?

    <p>Damages plastics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instruments includes ultrasonic periodontal scalers and tips?

    <p>All instruments that must be heat sterilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be heat sterilized according to the recommended methods of sterilization?

    <p>All instruments and items that can withstand heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunization

    • Dental personnel should maintain up-to-date immunization records, including vaccination against:
      • Hepatitis B
      • Rubella
      • Measles
      • Mumps
      • Influenza
      • Poliomyelitis
      • Tetanus/diphtheria
      • COVID-19

    Patient Screening

    • Complete medical history to determine infectious status and update during recall visits

    Hand Hygiene

    • Most important aseptic procedure in preventing healthcare-associated infections
    • Reasons:
      • Hands are the most common mode of pathogen transmission
      • Reduces the spread of antimicrobial resistance
    • Components of good handwashing:
      • Cleaning nails and skin thoroughly to remove all visible soil
      • Rinsing well to remove all visible soap
      • Drying thoroughly to reduce skin chapping
    • The 5 moments for hand hygiene approach defines key moments for hand hygiene
    • Recommendations:
      • Artificial nails are contraindicated
      • Colored nail polish is contraindicated
      • Nails should be short
      • All hand jewelry should be removed

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    • Designed to protect skin and mucous membranes from infectious agents
    • Primary PPE used in healthcare settings:
      • Gloves
      • Surgical masks
      • Protective eyewear
      • Face shields
      • Protective clothing
    • Less frequently used PPE:
      • Shoe and head covers
    • A new pair of gloves is worn for each patient
    • Gloves should be removed when leaving the clinic

    Order of Wearing and Removing PPE

    • Wearing:
      1. Protective clothing
      2. Mask
      3. Protective eyewear
      4. Gloves
    • Removing:
      1. Gloves
      2. Protective eyewear
      3. Mask
      4. Protective clothing

    Dealing with High-Risk Patients

    • Use double mask and double gloves techniques
    • Schedule the last appointment for them
    • Practitioner with cuts on skin of hands should be prohibited from attending operative procedures
    • Golden rule: Treat all patients as if they are infectious and follow routine cross-infection control

    Needle and Sharp Instrument Safety

    • Sharp ends of instruments should be angled away from both the doctor and coworkers
    • Sharp instruments should not be passed over the patient's face
    • Used needles should not be bent or broken prior to disposal
    • Unsheathed needles should be placed directly into the designated, puncture-proof disposal container (safety box)
    • Techniques for needle recapping:
      1. One-handed "scoop" technique
      2. Mechanical device designed to hold the needle sheath

    Instrument Sterilization and Disinfection

    • Sterilization:
      • A process that destroys all forms of life, especially microorganisms
      • Used for equipment and surfaces that can be sterilized
    • Disinfection:
      • A process that destroys or inhibits most pathogenic agents on an object by chemical or physical means
      • Used for equipment and surfaces that cannot be sterilized
    • Sanitization:
      • The process of removing organic debris so that disinfection can occur
    • Bacteriostatic: An agent that inhibits the increase in the number of bacteria
    • Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal: An agent that destroys bacteria, fungi, or viruses, respectively

    Unsaturated Chemical Vapor (Chemiclave)

    • Advantages:
      • Relatively quick
      • Minimal rust and corrosion
      • Works with paper-packaged articles
      • Has monitoring capabilities
    • Disadvantages:
      • Produces an offensive odor
      • Does not penetrate fabric wrapping
      • Damages plastics
      • High cost of special solutions
    • Handpieces: High-speed, low-speed, and surgical handpieces must be subjected to heat sterilization
    • Other items that require heat sterilization:
      • All band and orthodontic instruments
      • All burs and bur changers, including contaminated laboratory burs and diamond abrasives
      • All endodontic instruments
      • Air-water syringe tips
      • Metal impression trays
      • Surgical instruments
      • Ultrasonic periodontal scalers and tips
      • Electrosurgery tips

    Chemical Sterilization

    • Some items that may be chemically sterilized:
      • Glass mixing slabs
      • Metal or plastic spatulas
      • Mirrors for intraoral photography
      • Some cheek retractors
      • Handles for brush tips

    Single Use Items and Laboratory Asepsis

    • Single use or disposable items must be discarded and not reused
    • Laboratory asepsis:
      • Cross-contamination from impression, jaw relation records, and casts is possible
      • Clean and disinfect, then thoroughly rinse before sending to the laboratory
      • Impressions, prosthesis, or appliances should be disinfected as soon as possible after removal from the patient's mouth

    Tips for Dental Tubes Hygiene

    • Internal surfaces of handpiece and ultrasonic scaler may become contaminated with patient material during use
    • Run handpieces to discharge water and air for a minimum of 20-30 seconds after use on each patient
    • Disinfect low-volume suction lines between patients using a small amount of waterline cleaner/disinfectant for 2 minutes

    Use of Extracted Teeth in Dental Educational Settings

    • Collect extracted teeth in a sealed container and avoid contamination of the outside of the container
    • Clean teeth by scrubbing with detergent and water, then store and immerse in a fresh solution of sodium hypochlorite (diluted 1:10 with tap water)
    • Persons handling extracted teeth should wear gloves and other PPE
    • After completion of work activities:
      • Dispose of gloves properly
      • Wash hands
      • Clean and disinfect work surfaces and equipment

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    Description

    This quiz covers the important aspects of infection control in dentistry, including required vaccinations and patient screening protocols.

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