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Questions and Answers
Which condition is commonly associated with oculonasal discharge in rabbits?
Which condition is commonly associated with oculonasal discharge in rabbits?
What is the best view to visualize the bony structures of the middle ears in rabbits?
What is the best view to visualize the bony structures of the middle ears in rabbits?
Which imaging technique can be used to determine retrobulbar masses in ferrets?
Which imaging technique can be used to determine retrobulbar masses in ferrets?
Which type of neoplasm has been reported in the skull of a rabbit?
Which type of neoplasm has been reported in the skull of a rabbit?
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Which type of cardiomyopathy is more commonly reported in ferrets?
Which type of cardiomyopathy is more commonly reported in ferrets?
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Which joints are commonly affected by septic arthritis in rabbits?
Which joints are commonly affected by septic arthritis in rabbits?
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What is an increasingly common diagnosis in older ferrets?
What is an increasingly common diagnosis in older ferrets?
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What is a common sign of osteoarthritis in older rabbits?
What is a common sign of osteoarthritis in older rabbits?
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Which heartworm produces right-sided heart failure in ferrets?
Which heartworm produces right-sided heart failure in ferrets?
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What is the purpose of myelography in rabbits?
What is the purpose of myelography in rabbits?
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What is the common incidental finding in ferrets with little significance?
What is the common incidental finding in ferrets with little significance?
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What is the distinguishing feature of polycystic disease in ferrets?
What is the distinguishing feature of polycystic disease in ferrets?
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Which of the following is a common radiographic abnormality seen in ferrets with heartworm infestation?
Which of the following is a common radiographic abnormality seen in ferrets with heartworm infestation?
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What is the typical appearance of pneumonia in ferrets on radiographs?
What is the typical appearance of pneumonia in ferrets on radiographs?
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What is a common cause of gastric bloat in recently weaned ferrets?
What is a common cause of gastric bloat in recently weaned ferrets?
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What is a possible cause of thickening of the small intestine in ferrets?
What is a possible cause of thickening of the small intestine in ferrets?
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What is the most commonly seen diagnostic imaging abnormality in ferrets with lymphoma?
What is the most commonly seen diagnostic imaging abnormality in ferrets with lymphoma?
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What is a common condition affecting the male ferret's prostate?
What is a common condition affecting the male ferret's prostate?
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Which type of exercise is strongly advisable for rabbits to slow cartilage degeneration and disease progression?
Which type of exercise is strongly advisable for rabbits to slow cartilage degeneration and disease progression?
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What is the normal position of the liver in healthy rabbits?
What is the normal position of the liver in healthy rabbits?
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What may indicate gut stasis and localized gas build-up in rabbits?
What may indicate gut stasis and localized gas build-up in rabbits?
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How can gastric emptying and intestinal motility be assessed in rabbits?
How can gastric emptying and intestinal motility be assessed in rabbits?
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What technique can be used to outline the bladder lining in rabbits?
What technique can be used to outline the bladder lining in rabbits?
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What may cause intense visceral pain in rabbits?
What may cause intense visceral pain in rabbits?
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Which drug is most suitable for the management of osteoarthritis in rabbits?
Which drug is most suitable for the management of osteoarthritis in rabbits?
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What is the recommended dosage of meloxicam for severe cases of osteoarthritis in rabbits?
What is the recommended dosage of meloxicam for severe cases of osteoarthritis in rabbits?
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What did a study by Turner et al (2006) conclude about the dosing frequency of meloxicam in rabbits?
What did a study by Turner et al (2006) conclude about the dosing frequency of meloxicam in rabbits?
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Why is corticosteroid treatment contraindicated in rabbits with osteoarthritis?
Why is corticosteroid treatment contraindicated in rabbits with osteoarthritis?
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What is essential for preventing further progression of osteoarthritic changes in rabbits?
What is essential for preventing further progression of osteoarthritic changes in rabbits?
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What did Flecknell report about the use of meloxicam in laboratory rabbits?
What did Flecknell report about the use of meloxicam in laboratory rabbits?
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Which organ can be assessed for hepatomegaly by ultrasound in birds?
Which organ can be assessed for hepatomegaly by ultrasound in birds?
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What is the characteristic ultrasound finding of hepatic lipidosis in birds?
What is the characteristic ultrasound finding of hepatic lipidosis in birds?
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What can be a challenging aspect of diagnosing hepatic tumours in birds using ultrasound?
What can be a challenging aspect of diagnosing hepatic tumours in birds using ultrasound?
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What is a common finding in liver diseases such as haemochromatosis in birds?
What is a common finding in liver diseases such as haemochromatosis in birds?
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What can ultrasound be used to diagnose in birds related to the heart?
What can ultrasound be used to diagnose in birds related to the heart?
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What can be diagnosed by ultrasound in birds with respect to the reproductive system?
What can be diagnosed by ultrasound in birds with respect to the reproductive system?
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What can be visualized by ultrasound in birds when ascitic/coelomic fluid is present?
What can be visualized by ultrasound in birds when ascitic/coelomic fluid is present?
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What can be seen as the ovary becomes enlarged enough to push ventrally in birds?
What can be seen as the ovary becomes enlarged enough to push ventrally in birds?
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What can differentiate egg-yolk peritonitis from a true ascitic effusion in birds?
What can differentiate egg-yolk peritonitis from a true ascitic effusion in birds?
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What can be diagnosed by ultrasound in birds with respect to the spleen?
What can be diagnosed by ultrasound in birds with respect to the spleen?
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Which bones are most commonly affected by metabolic bone disease in juvenile birds?
Which bones are most commonly affected by metabolic bone disease in juvenile birds?
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What skeletal deformity is often associated with cystic ovarian disease and persistent hyperoestrogenaemia in birds?
What skeletal deformity is often associated with cystic ovarian disease and persistent hyperoestrogenaemia in birds?
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What is the visible effect of an enlarged liver on a ventro-dorsal radiograph of a bird?
What is the visible effect of an enlarged liver on a ventro-dorsal radiograph of a bird?
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What condition is indicated by an enlarged proventriculus seen on a lateral radiograph of a bird?
What condition is indicated by an enlarged proventriculus seen on a lateral radiograph of a bird?
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Where can an enlarged spleen be seen on a radiograph of a bird?
Where can an enlarged spleen be seen on a radiograph of a bird?
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How may damaged kidneys appear on a radiograph of a bird?
How may damaged kidneys appear on a radiograph of a bird?
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What can cause dilation of the great vessels exiting the heart in birds?
What can cause dilation of the great vessels exiting the heart in birds?
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What is a common condition affecting the long bones of juvenile birds with metabolic bone disease?
What is a common condition affecting the long bones of juvenile birds with metabolic bone disease?
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What is the effect of an enlarged kidney on the abdominal air sac in birds?
What is the effect of an enlarged kidney on the abdominal air sac in birds?
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What can cause the great vessels exiting the heart in birds to be more radiodense?
What can cause the great vessels exiting the heart in birds to be more radiodense?
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Study Notes
Oculonasal Discharge and Imaging in Rabbits and Ferrets
- Oculonasal discharge in rabbits is commonly associated with dental disease.
- Best view for visualizing bony structures of the middle ears in rabbits is the ventrodorsal (VD) view.
- Retrobulbar masses in ferrets can be determined using ultrasound imaging techniques.
- Osteosarcoma is a type of neoplasm reported in the skull of rabbits.
Cardiomyopathy and Joint Conditions in Ferrets and Rabbits
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most commonly reported type of cardiomyopathy in ferrets.
- Septic arthritis often affects the stifle, hock, and elbow joints in rabbits.
- Acute metabolic disorders are increasingly common diagnoses in older ferrets.
- Common sign of osteoarthritis in older rabbits is decreased mobility or reluctance to jump.
Heartworm and Imaging Techniques
- Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) can produce right-sided heart failure in ferrets.
- Myelography in rabbits serves to evaluate spinal cord conditions and identify lesions.
- Common incidental finding in ferrets with limited significance is the presence of bronchiectasis.
Cysts and Radiographic Findings in Ferrets
- Distinguishing feature of polycystic disease in ferrets is the presence of multiple cysts in the kidneys.
- Common radiographic abnormality seen in ferrets with heartworm infestation is right-sided cardiac enlargement.
- Typical appearance of pneumonia in ferrets on radiographs includes patchy alveolar infiltrates.
Gastrointestinal Issues in Ferrets
- A common cause of gastric bloat in recently weaned ferrets is overfeeding or dietary changes.
- Thickening of the small intestine in ferrets can be caused by foreign body ingestion or inflammation.
- Most commonly seen diagnostic imaging abnormality in ferrets with lymphoma is enlarged lymph nodes.
Prostate Conditions and Recommended Exercises
- Common condition affecting the male ferret's prostate is benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Moderate exercise is strongly advisable for rabbits to slow cartilage degeneration and disease progression.
Liver and Gastrointestinal Assessments in Rabbits
- Normal position of the liver in healthy rabbits is to the right side of the abdominal cavity.
- Gut stasis and localized gas build-up in rabbits may indicate gastrointestinal obstruction or dysmotility.
- Gastric emptying and intestinal motility can be assessed in rabbits using radiography and ultrasound.
Bladder and Pain Management in Rabbits
- Cystography can be used to outline the bladder lining in rabbits.
- Intense visceral pain in rabbits may result from conditions like gastrointestinal stasis or pancreatitis.
- Meloxicam is most suitable for managing osteoarthritis in rabbits.
Meloxicam Dosage and Treatment Considerations
- Recommended dosage of meloxicam for severe osteoarthritis in rabbits is 0.5-1 mg/kg once daily.
- A study by Turner et al (2006) concluded that administering meloxicam every 24 hours is effective.
- Corticosteroid treatment is contraindicated in rabbits with osteoarthritis due to potential adverse effects on cartilage.
Preventive Measures and Research Findings
- Essential preventive measure for osteoarthritic changes in rabbits is maintaining an appropriate body weight and exercise regimen.
- Flecknell reported that meloxicam is effective in controlling pain in laboratory rabbits.
Avian Ultrasound and Radiographic Findings
- Hepatomegaly in birds can be assessed using ultrasound targeting the liver.
- Characteristic ultrasound finding of hepatic lipidosis in birds is increased echogenicity of the liver.
- Diagnosing hepatic tumors in birds can be challenging due to the overlying air sacs obscuring clarity.
Reproductive and Skeletal Implications in Birds
- Ultrasound can diagnose heart-related conditions and reproductive system abnormalities in birds.
- Ascitic fluid presence can visualize structures in the coelomic cavity.
- Enlarged ovaries can displace the body cavity ventrally in birds, indicating reproductive issues.
Differentiating Conditions and Radiograph Observations
- Differentiation between egg-yolk peritonitis and true ascitic effusion in birds involves ultrasound characteristics.
- Enlarged spleens can be visualized on radiographs, often indicating splenomegaly in birds.
- Common findings in radiographs of birds with liver or kidney damage may show displacement of surrounding structures.
Metabolic Bone Disease and Associated Conditions
- Long bones of juvenile birds are commonly affected by metabolic bone disease.
- Skeletal deformities can occur with cystic ovarian disease and persistent hyperoestrogenaemia in birds.
- Enlarged proventriculus seen on lateral radiographs indicates potential digestive issues.
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Description
Dental Disease and Exophthalmos Quiz: Test your knowledge on the relationship between dental disease, exophthalmos, and associated complications like dacrocystitis. Learn about the importance of chest radiographs and contrast studies in diagnosing these conditions. Improve your understanding of the nasolacrimal duct and drainage issues.
