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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of using an etchant in dental procedures?
What does a coupling agent like Gamma-methacryloxy propyltrimethoxysilane do in dental composites?
Which component is responsible for smearing layer removal in dental adhesives?
What clinical consideration is related to 'marginal integrity' in dental procedures?
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Which substance acts as a polymerization inhibitor in dental composites?
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What is the primary function of dental adhesives in bonding procedures?
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What is the function of the PRIMER in composite restoration?
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What are the potential problems resulting from microleakage in composite restorations?
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What is the primary role of the ADHESIVE/BONDING system in composite restorations?
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What is the critical function of the COUPLING AGENTS in composite restorations?
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What is the effect of a POLYMERIZATION INHIBITOR on composite material?
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Which property is NOT commonly associated with clinical considerations for composites?
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What is one of the CONTRAINDICATIONS of using dental amalgam according to the provided text?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as an ADVANTAGE of using dental amalgam?
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What percentage of copper does a Low-Copper Amalgam Alloy contain?
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Why are Spherical Particles used in dental amalgam?
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What technique ensures that mercury does not diffuse into the oral environment while using dental amalgam?
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What is NOT one of the DISADVANTAGES mentioned about using dental amalgam?
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At what percentage does Zinc content exist in dental amalgam?
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What is one of the clinical indications for using dental amalgam according to the text?
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What is the Mercury-to-Alloy ratio in the Eames Technique?
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Why are Lathe-Cut Particles referred to as regular cut, fine cut, and microfine cut?
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Study Notes
Amalgam Restorations
- Indications for amalgam restorations:
- Primary and permanent teeth
- Moderate to large Class I and II restorations
- Restorations that involve heavy occlusion, cannot be isolated well, and extend onto the root surface
- Class V restorations that are not esthetically critical, cannot be well isolated, and are located entirely on the root surface
- Poor oral hygiene
- Temporary caries-control restorations for badly broken down teeth
- Foundations for badly broken down teeth that require increased retention and resistance form
- Contraindications for amalgam restorations:
- Small to moderate defects in posterior teeth
- Prominent esthetic areas
- Patients with a history of allergy to mercury or other amalgam components
- Advantages of amalgam restorations:
- Ease of use
- High compressive strength
- Excellent wear resistance
- Favorable long-term clinical research results
- Lower cost than for composite restorations
- Disadvantages of amalgam restorations:
- Non-esthetic
- Non-insulating
- Less conservative
- Weakens tooth structure
- More technique sensitive if bonded
- More difficult tooth preparation
- Initial marginal leakage
Mercury in Amalgam Restorations
- Mercury composition:
- 25-27% silver
- 67-70% tin
- 6% or less copper
- 3-5% zinc
- Maximum of 2% other components
- Mercury alloying reaction:
- Has the potential to be hazardous if not managed properly
- Critical times are when metallic mercury exists in liquid or vapor form
- As a vapor, metallic mercury can be inhaled and absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs at 80% efficiency
Classification of Amalgam Alloys
- Classified according to:
- Amalgam alloy particle geometry and size
- Copper content
- Zinc content
- Types of amalgam alloys:
- Lathe-cut particles
- Spherical particles
- Dispersion particles
- System particles
Composite Restorations
- Composition of composite restorations:
- Organic resin matrix
- Inorganic fillers
- Coupling agent
- Classification of composite restorations:
- Filler content
- Filler particle size
- Method of filler addition
- Matrix composition
- Polymerization method
Organic Resin Matrix
- High molecular weight resins:
- Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)
- Urethane dimethacrylate (UEDMA)
- Low molecular weight resins:
- Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)
Inorganic Fillers
- Types of fillers:
- Quartz
- Lithium aluminum silicate
- Barium aluminum silicate
- Barium, strontium, zinc glass
- Colloidal silica
- Effects of fillers:
- Decrease in coefficient of thermal expansion
- Decrease in polymerization shrinkage
- Increase in compressive strength
- Decrease in water sorption
- Improved aesthetics
- Radiopacity
Coupling Agent
- Organo-silanes:
- Gamma-methacryloxy propyltrimethoxysilane
- Provides a good bond between the inorganic fillers and resin matrix
Polymerization Inhibitor
- Hydroquinone
- Butylated hydroxytoluene
Initiator/Activator System
- Self-cured/auto-cured
- Light-cured
Clinical Considerations
- Color matching
- Wear
- Marginal integrity
- Post-operative sensitivity
Dental Adhesives
- Smear layer:
- Debris, calcific in nature, produced by reduction or instrumentation of enamel, dentin, and cementum
- Precludes interaction with underlying tooth tissue
- Components:
- Etchant
- Primer
- Adhesive resin
- Effects of etching:
- Aids bonding to enamel by removal of surface debris
- Produces micro-porosities into which resin can penetrate
- Reduces microleakage
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Description
Learn about composite dental materials which are a mixture of silicate glass particles and acrylic monomer, with three different phases. Explore the classification of composite materials based on filler content, particle size, filler addition method, matrix composition, and polymerization technique. Understand the properties of the organic resin matrix such as high molecular weight resin and Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate.
