Dental Ceramics: Feldspathic Porcelain

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Questions and Answers

What is the composition of traditional feldspathic porcelain?

Feldspar, quartz, and potassium oxide

Clay, quartz, and feldspar (correct)

Silica, quartz, and hydrated aluminosilicates

Clay, quartz, and silica

What is the main advantage of feldspathic porcelain?

High esthetic value (correct)

Low thermal conductivity

High flexural strength

Easy to fabricate

What is the fabrication method used for VITABLOCS?

Machining (correct)

Free hand layering

Sintering

Pressing

What is the characteristic of leucite reinforced ceramic?

Increased strength and hardness with increasing leucite volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexural strength of feldspathic porcelain?

60-70 MPa Signup and view all the answers

What is the fabrication method used for IPS d.Sign?

Free hand layering Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for IPS Empress?

Bridges and parafunctions Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of VITABLOCS TriLuxe?

3 different degrees of chroma and translucency Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexural strength range of ceramic material containing alumina and magnesium?

350-450 MPa Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended indication of alumina and magnesium ceramic material?

Highly aesthetic anterior crown copings Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of alumina and zirconia ceramic material?

Al2O3 (62%), ZnO (20%), La2O3 (12%), SiO2 (4.5%), CaO (0.8%), and other oxides (0.7%) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind the transformation toughening in zirconia?

Volume increase and shear strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the strength of stabilized zirconia?

1120 MPa Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of zirconia that has the highest strength and fracture toughness?

Tetragonal Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ceramic material that contains spinell (MgAl2O4), a natural mineral?

In-Ceram Spinell Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of ceramic materials that do not contain any glass phase?

Polycrystalline Ceramics Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the volume of the glass ceramic is made up of the crystalline phase, lithium disilicate?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexural strength range of IPS Empress CAD?

360-400 MPa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of IPS Empress CAD?

Combination of shade transition, translucency, and fluorescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of IPS e.max Press?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of E-max press ingots in the HT shade?

Minimally invasive full-contour restorations Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of IPS Empress CAD in terms of esthetics?

Allows for creation of highly esthetic restorations very easily Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Multi ingots?

Bleach BL and A–D shades with 3 values and 2 opal Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of fabrication for IPS Empress CAD?

Pressable forms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between ceramic and porcelain materials?

Porcelain is a type of ceramic with a specific composition Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the transfer of electrons from metal to oxygen in ceramic materials?

The formation of ionic bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ionic bonds in ceramic materials?

They are highly directional and do not tolerate distortion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of all-ceramic restorations in terms of aesthetics?

They can be made to match natural tooth structure accurately in terms of color, surface texture, and translucency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of porcelain materials in dentistry?

They are the most esthetic but weakest of the ceramic materials Signup and view all the answers

What are the main classifications of dental ceramics?

According to microstructure and processing technique Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of feldspar?

K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the crystalline phase formed during the firing of porcelain?

Leucite Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer zirconia?

It has a polychromatic, HT zirconia with interfering shade break lines and translucency gradients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer?

Fully anatomical crowns and bridges in the anterior region Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Dental Direkt Cube X?

It is a highly biocompatible cubic zirconia that combines strength and translucency Signup and view all the answers

Why were resin-matrix ceramic materials developed?

To develop a material easier to mill and adjust than glass-matrix ceramics Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE?

A highly cured resin matrix reinforced with approximately 80% by weight nanoceramic particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexural strength of Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE?

200 MPa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE?

Inlays, onlays, and veneers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of resin-matrix ceramic materials?

They are easier to mill and adjust than glass-matrix ceramics Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

I- Glass-Matrix Ceramics

Composed of clay, quartz, and feldspar (K2O or Na2O)
Feldspar converted to crystalline phase after firing
Flexural strength: 60-70 MPa
Fabrication methods: • Free hand layering: used for veneering metal or ceramic substructure • Machined: examples include VITABLOCS and Vident

A- Feldspathic Porcelain

Traditional group of ceramics composed of clay, quartz, and feldspar
Fabrication methods: • Free hand layering: IPS Classic, Ivoclar Vivadent; Vita VMK68 • Machined: VITABLOCS, Vident

B- Synthetic Ceramics

Leucite reinforced ceramic • Flexural strength: 120-160 MPa • Contains 50% glass by volume • Fabrication methods: • Free hand layering: IPS d.Sign, Ivoclar Vivadent; Vita VM7, VM9, VM13, Vident • Pressing: IPS Empress, Ivoclar Vivadent • Machined: Advanced Ceramics

Classification of Dental Ceramics

According to microstructure
According to processing technique

A- Microstructure

Gracis et al. (2015) classification system
Examples: IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent; IPS Empress CAD Multi, Ivoclar Vivadent

1- Leucite Reinforced Ceramic

Flexural strength: 120-160 MPa
Fabrication methods: • Free hand layering: IPS d.Sign, Ivoclar Vivadent; Vita VM7, VM9, VM13, Vident • Pressing: IPS Empress, Ivoclar Vivadent

2- Lithium Disilicate Based

Crystalline phase: lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5)
Flexural strength: 360-400 MPa
Fabrication methods: • Pressable forms: IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent • Multi and impulse ingots

II- Polycrystalline Ceramics

Non-metallic inorganic ceramic materials without glass phase
Examples: Alumina, Stabilized Zirconia, Zirconia-Toughened Alumina, Alumina-Toughened Zirconia

1- Stabilized Zirconia

Flexural strength: up to 1120 MPa
Transformation toughening: tetragonal to monoclinic transformation
Fabrication: Cold isostatic pressing, Non-sintered (Green State), Sintering

Fabrication of Zirconia

Examples: Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer, Dental Direkt Cube X

III- Resin-Matrix Ceramics

Developed to simulate dentin's modulus of elasticity
Easier to mill and adjust than glass-matrix or polycrystalline ceramics
Facilitates repair or modification with composite resin
Examples: • Resin nano-ceramic: Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE • Glass ceramic in a resin matrix • Zirconia-silica ceramic in a resin matrix

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Description

Learn about feldspathic porcelain, a traditional group of ceramics used in dentistry, composed of clay, quartz, and feldspar. Understand its fabrication methods and applications.