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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a local cause of malocclusion?
Which of the following is NOT considered a local cause of malocclusion?
What is identified as a common consequence of congenitally missing teeth?
What is identified as a common consequence of congenitally missing teeth?
Which type of partial anodontia refers to the absence of more than six teeth?
Which type of partial anodontia refers to the absence of more than six teeth?
What condition may cause a median diastema between central incisors?
What condition may cause a median diastema between central incisors?
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Which of the following treatments involves closing the space created by missing lateral incisors?
Which of the following treatments involves closing the space created by missing lateral incisors?
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Which of the following is a hereditary issue that can lead to small teeth in large jaws?
Which of the following is a hereditary issue that can lead to small teeth in large jaws?
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What might happen if maxillary canines erupt mesially?
What might happen if maxillary canines erupt mesially?
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What abnormality is commonly associated with a thick labial frenum?
What abnormality is commonly associated with a thick labial frenum?
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What is the primary treatment for a posterior crossbite?
What is the primary treatment for a posterior crossbite?
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What type of supernumerary tooth is most commonly found between the two central incisors?
What type of supernumerary tooth is most commonly found between the two central incisors?
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Which condition is NOT typically associated with supernumerary teeth?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with supernumerary teeth?
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What is a common complication caused by supernumerary teeth?
What is a common complication caused by supernumerary teeth?
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What is the term for an abnormal tooth shape often characterized by a smaller size than adjacent teeth?
What is the term for an abnormal tooth shape often characterized by a smaller size than adjacent teeth?
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The SLOB rule is used in the diagnosis of which dental issue?
The SLOB rule is used in the diagnosis of which dental issue?
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Which of the following developmental defects is NOT related to tooth morphology?
Which of the following developmental defects is NOT related to tooth morphology?
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What is a common feature of a supplemental tooth?
What is a common feature of a supplemental tooth?
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What is a primary characteristic of hypothyroidism (cretinism) in children?
What is a primary characteristic of hypothyroidism (cretinism) in children?
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Which of the following is a result of hypopituitarism (pituitary dwarfism)?
Which of the following is a result of hypopituitarism (pituitary dwarfism)?
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What condition is characterized by excessive production of growth hormone in adulthood?
What condition is characterized by excessive production of growth hormone in adulthood?
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What is a common dental issue associated with hypothyroidism?
What is a common dental issue associated with hypothyroidism?
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What results from too much growth hormone during childhood?
What results from too much growth hormone during childhood?
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What feature is NOT typically seen in pituitary dwarfism?
What feature is NOT typically seen in pituitary dwarfism?
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Which of the following statements about hyperpituitarism is true?
Which of the following statements about hyperpituitarism is true?
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What is a notable mental effect of untreated congenital hypothyroidism?
What is a notable mental effect of untreated congenital hypothyroidism?
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What may occur if the upper or lower deciduous second molar is lost prematurely?
What may occur if the upper or lower deciduous second molar is lost prematurely?
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Which of the following can cause prolonged retention of deciduous teeth?
Which of the following can cause prolonged retention of deciduous teeth?
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What is a consequence of the unilateral loss of a second deciduous molar?
What is a consequence of the unilateral loss of a second deciduous molar?
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Which of the following can lead to delayed eruption of permanent teeth?
Which of the following can lead to delayed eruption of permanent teeth?
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What effect does the loss of upper incisors have on dental spacing?
What effect does the loss of upper incisors have on dental spacing?
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What is a common consequence of mouth breathing syndrome characterized by the protrusion of upper incisors?
What is a common consequence of mouth breathing syndrome characterized by the protrusion of upper incisors?
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Which teeth are most susceptible to caries and often extracted to relieve crowding?
Which teeth are most susceptible to caries and often extracted to relieve crowding?
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Which symptom is not typically associated with adenoid face due to mouth breathing?
Which symptom is not typically associated with adenoid face due to mouth breathing?
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What occurs with the upper second molar following the premature loss of upper first molars?
What occurs with the upper second molar following the premature loss of upper first molars?
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What examination method can suggest that a patient is a mouth breather?
What examination method can suggest that a patient is a mouth breather?
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Which of the following is a potential result of losing a lower incisor?
Which of the following is a potential result of losing a lower incisor?
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What can be done if the habit of mouth breathing persists even after removing physical obstructions?
What can be done if the habit of mouth breathing persists even after removing physical obstructions?
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What is likely to occur if mandibular deciduous incisors are prematurely lost?
What is likely to occur if mandibular deciduous incisors are prematurely lost?
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What is a consequence of unilaterally losing a primary mandibular cuspid?
What is a consequence of unilaterally losing a primary mandibular cuspid?
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Which of the following describes a probable outcome of losing deciduous canines?
Which of the following describes a probable outcome of losing deciduous canines?
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What typically happens if the first molars are prematurely lost?
What typically happens if the first molars are prematurely lost?
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What is a primary focus of treatment for malocclusion?
What is a primary focus of treatment for malocclusion?
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What factor primarily influences the skeletal and dental variables in malocclusion according to the study by Harris & Johnson?
What factor primarily influences the skeletal and dental variables in malocclusion according to the study by Harris & Johnson?
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What environmental causes can be prevented to reduce malocclusion?
What environmental causes can be prevented to reduce malocclusion?
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How does evolution influence the development of malocclusion?
How does evolution influence the development of malocclusion?
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Which malocclusion is primarily considered genetically determined?
Which malocclusion is primarily considered genetically determined?
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What effect can muscle anatomy and activity have on malocclusion?
What effect can muscle anatomy and activity have on malocclusion?
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Which of the following describes a congenital cause of malocclusion?
Which of the following describes a congenital cause of malocclusion?
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Study Notes
ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION LOCAL CAUSES
- Malocclusion etiology can include general causes (next lecture) and local causes.
- Congenitally missing teeth, teeth of atypical size/shape, abnormal labial frenum, premature loss of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and trauma are local causes.
- Supernumerary teeth (extra teeth), abnormal eruption paths, abnormal pressure habits, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, loss of permanent teeth (through extraction), and local pathological factors contribute to malocclusions.
- Congenitally missing teeth, often associated with ectodermal dysplasia, may cause adjacent teeth to drift.
- Common missing teeth can include upper and lower third molars (wisdom teeth), upper lateral incisors, and lower second premolars.
MISSING TEETH
- Missing teeth can cause adjacent teeth to shift.
- Canine teeth may erupt into the space of missing lateral incisors, causing a median diastema (gap between central incisors).
- Canine teeth may replace missing laterals and reshape to resemble them; this can be done by implant or bridge.
MEDIAN DIASTEMA CAUSES
- Physiological spacing of permanent central incisors is normal at 7.5 years (typically temporary).
- The gap closes with the further eruption of permanent lateral incisors and canines.
- Other potential factors include familial tendencies, small teeth in large jaws, missing lateral incisors, misplaced laterals, peg-shaped laterals, supernumerary teeth between incisors (e.g., mesiodens), and abnormal labial frenum.
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
- Supernumerary teeth (extra teeth) are commonly associated with congenital defects (e.g., cleft palate).
- Mesiodens is a common type, typically conical and smaller than adjacent incisors.
- This extra tooth is often single but can occur in pairs.
- It is most commonly placed between the upper central incisors.
- Removal is often advised.
- Complications may include the obstruction of eruption of adjacent teeth and midline diastema.
TEETH OF ABNORMAL SIZE AND FORM
- Peg-shaped lateral incisors are a type of abnormal tooth morphology.
- Problems like exaggerated cingulum or heavy marginal ridges can prevent normal overbites or overjets.
- Developmental defects like amelogenesis imperfecta or enamel hypoplasia, gemination, fusion, Hutchinson's teeth, and Mulberry molars can also affect tooth morphology.
ABNORMAL ERUPTION PATHS
- Abnormal eruption paths are often secondary to severe crowding, supernumerary teeth, trauma to deciduous teeth, early orthodontic treatment, eruption cysts, and ectopic eruption.
- Eruption cysts and ectopic eruption can cause the displacement of adjacent teeth, potentially impacting resorption patterns.
- A permanent tooth, instead of following its predecessor, may cause resorption of an adjacent deciduous or permanent tooth when erupting in an abnormal position (e.g., upper first molar causing resorption of upper second deciduous molar).
ABNORMAL LABIAL FRENUM
- A thick, fibrous labial frenum positioned at the papilla instead of the alveolar crest can disrupt tooth alignment by preventing the central incisors from aligning correctly, causing diastemas.
THUMB SUCKING
- This is forceful thumb sucking with buccinator muscle and lip contractions.
- It has three phases of development: normal and sub-clinically significant, clinically significant, and active thumb-sucking (ongoing after age 4).
- Excessive thumb sucking can result in overjet, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, narrow/high palatal vault, and retrognathic mandible.
- Psychological factors and feeding problems can also be causes.
TONGUE THRUSTING
- Tongue thrusting is a habit where the tongue thrusts between teeth during swallowing, potentially causing anterior open bite.
ABNORMAL SWALLOWING, POSTURE. AND OTHER HABITS
- Infantile swallowing can lead to a retained infantile swallowing, leading to malocclusion.
- Poor posture can lead to malocclusion by accentuating existing conditions, influencing jaw development.
- Mouth breathing and related factors are also a contributing factor.
PREMATURE LOSS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH
- Loss of deciduous teeth may lead to undesirable changes in the positioning of permanent teeth, frequently causing crowding and impacting the subsequent eruption of permanent successors.
- The absence of deciduous teeth can affect spacing and alignment of permanent teeth, particularly affecting adjacent molars.
- Loss of premolars or molars can create further complications, due to potential space loss and impacting future development.
DELAYED PERMANENT TEETH ERUPTION
- Factors like supernumerary teeth, retained deciduous teeth, eruption cysts, tooth malformations (e.g., dilaceration), and systemic disorders may affect permanent tooth eruption timetables, resulting in potential complications.
LOCAL PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS
- Cysts or tumors in the jaw can influence dental development.
- Scar tissue from oral injuries can affect jaw development and may lead to more serious complications.
- Inflammatory conditions can affect bone and cartilage.
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Description
Test your knowledge about dental anomalies and malocclusion in this informative quiz. Explore questions on local causes, consequences of missing teeth, and various treatments associated with dental conditions. Perfect for dental students and professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding of oral health.
