Dental Anomalies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a local cause of malocclusion?

  • Congenitally missing teeth
  • Abnormal eruptive path
  • Supernumerary teeth
  • Generalized spacing (correct)

    • What is identified as a common consequence of congenitally missing teeth?

  • Overcrowded teeth
  • Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
  • Drifting of adjacent teeth (correct)
  • Increased size of remaining teeth

    • Which type of partial anodontia refers to the absence of more than six teeth?

  • Oligodontia (correct)
  • Edentulism
  • Hypodontia
  • Anodontia

    • What condition may cause a median diastema between central incisors?

    <p>Supernumerary teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments involves closing the space created by missing lateral incisors?

    <p>Canine reshaping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hereditary issue that can lead to small teeth in large jaws?

    <p>Ectodermal dysplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if maxillary canines erupt mesially?

    <p>Formation of a median diastema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormality is commonly associated with a thick labial frenum?

    <p>Median cyst formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for a posterior crossbite?

    <p>Palatal expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of supernumerary tooth is most commonly found between the two central incisors?

    <p>Mesiodens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with supernumerary teeth?

    <p>Non-impacted teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication caused by supernumerary teeth?

    <p>Median diastema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormal tooth shape often characterized by a smaller size than adjacent teeth?

    <p>Peg shape lateral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SLOB rule is used in the diagnosis of which dental issue?

    <p>Supernumerary teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following developmental defects is NOT related to tooth morphology?

    <p>Dentinogenesis Imperfect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of a supplemental tooth?

    <p>It is of normal size and shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of hypothyroidism (cretinism) in children?

    <p>Delayed eruption of permanent teeth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of hypopituitarism (pituitary dwarfism)?

    <p>Proportional small jaws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by excessive production of growth hormone in adulthood?

    <p>Acromegaly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common dental issue associated with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Retained deciduous teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from too much growth hormone during childhood?

    <p>Gigantism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is NOT typically seen in pituitary dwarfism?

    <p>Generalized overgrowth of bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hyperpituitarism is true?

    <p>It can cause both gigantism and acromegaly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable mental effect of untreated congenital hypothyroidism?

    <p>Mental retardation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if the upper or lower deciduous second molar is lost prematurely?

    <p>The second molar may migrate buccally or palatally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause prolonged retention of deciduous teeth?

    <p>Absence of permanent teeth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the unilateral loss of a second deciduous molar?

    <p>A dental midline shift occurs in the lower arch. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to delayed eruption of permanent teeth?

    <p>Systemic disorders, including endocrine disturbances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the loss of upper incisors have on dental spacing?

    <p>Creation of a gap, leading to spacing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of mouth breathing syndrome characterized by the protrusion of upper incisors?

    <p>Protrusion of upper incisors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teeth are most susceptible to caries and often extracted to relieve crowding?

    <p>First premolars. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not typically associated with adenoid face due to mouth breathing?

    <p>Sunken lower lip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs with the upper second molar following the premature loss of upper first molars?

    <p>It rotates forward around its palatal root. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What examination method can suggest that a patient is a mouth breather?

    <p>Presence of water vapor on a mirror (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential result of losing a lower incisor?

    <p>One midline shift. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done if the habit of mouth breathing persists even after removing physical obstructions?

    <p>Correct the habit with exercises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to occur if mandibular deciduous incisors are prematurely lost?

    <p>Resorption of the front part of the lower jaw (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of unilaterally losing a primary mandibular cuspid?

    <p>Midline shift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a probable outcome of losing deciduous canines?

    <p>Crowded permanent canines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens if the first molars are prematurely lost?

    <p>Distal shift of canines may occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of treatment for malocclusion?

    <p>Moving the teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the skeletal and dental variables in malocclusion according to the study by Harris & Johnson?

    <p>Genetic inheritance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental causes can be prevented to reduce malocclusion?

    <p>Control of oral hygiene habits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does evolution influence the development of malocclusion?

    <p>Leads to smaller jaw sizes and dental crowding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which malocclusion is primarily considered genetically determined?

    <p>Class III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can muscle anatomy and activity have on malocclusion?

    <p>Influence on both bone and teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a congenital cause of malocclusion?

    <p>Physical abnormality present at birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Partial anodontia

    The absence of one or more teeth, often due to genetic factors.

    Oligodontia

    The absence of more than six teeth, a more severe form of missing teeth than partial anodontia.

    Median diastema

    A space between the two upper front teeth, also known as a gap.

    Abnormal labial frenum

    A thick band of tissue connecting the upper lip to the gum, which can sometimes cause a space between the teeth.

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    Ugly Duckling Stage

    A phase in tooth development, typically around 7.5 years old, where there's a normal spacing between upper front teeth that usually closes as other teeth erupt.

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    Canine displacing lateral

    The eruption of a canine tooth into the space intended for a missing lateral incisor. This can lead to a diastema between the central incisor and the canine.

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    Peg-shaped lateral incisor

    A small, peg-shaped lateral incisor that can lead to a space between the front teeth.

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    Mesiodens

    An extra tooth that grows between the upper front teeth, causing crowding and potential gaps.

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    Supplemental Tooth

    A supernumerary tooth that is normally shaped and sized, often found alongside a regular tooth.

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    What causes a diastema?

    An extra tooth that can lead to a space between the two front teeth.

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    Failure of normal tooth eruption

    A common complication of supernumerary teeth where a normal tooth fails to erupt due to the presence of the extra tooth.

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    Root resorption of neighboring teeth

    A complication of supernumerary teeth where the roots of nearby teeth are absorbed or damaged.

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    Abnormal tooth morphology

    An inherited or individual variation in tooth size and shape.

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    Peg-shaped lateral

    A small, peg-shaped lateral incisor that can lead to spaces between the front teeth.

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    Exaggerated cingulum

    A tooth with a larger-than-normal bulge on the inside surface, which can cause a less than normal overbite.

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    Adenoid Face

    A facial appearance often seen in mouth breathers, characterized by a contracted upper jaw, protruding upper front teeth, a thickened lower lip, and a long face.

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    Crowding and Arch Collapse (Lower Deciduous Incisors)

    Premature loss of deciduous incisors in the lower jaw can lead to crowding and narrowing of the dental arch. This happens because the front part of the lower jaw resorbs, not leaving enough space for the permanent incisors to erupt properly.

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    Unilateral Loss of Mandibular Primary Canine

    If a primary canine is lost on one side of the lower jaw, the other primary canine should be removed to prevent a shift in the midline, tilting of the front teeth, and an increased overbite.

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    Premature Loss of Deciduous First Molar

    When a deciduous molar is lost early, crowding usually doesn't happen, but the canine on that side might shift backward, preventing the permanent molar from erupting properly.

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    Mouth Breathing Consequences

    Mouth breathing can lead to several dental problems, including an overbite, underbite, and a narrow upper jaw.

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    Managing Persistent Mouth Breathing

    If mouth breathing persists even after removing the cause (e.g., polyps), interventions like physical exercises, oral screen, or trainers can be used to correct the habit and help develop proper breathing patterns.

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    Mouth Breathing Examination

    Common signs of mouth breathing include seeing water vapor on a mirror held in front of the nose and the inability to keep the mouth closed for an extended period.

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    Premature Loss of Deciduous Teeth

    The loss of teeth at an early age can lead to issues like crowding, tooth shifting, and improper eruption of permanent teeth.

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    Crowding

    A condition where the jaws are smaller than the teeth, leading to crowding and difficulty in aligning teeth.

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    Spacing

    A condition where the teeth are smaller than the jaws, resulting in gaps between teeth.

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    Inherited Disproportion

    The inheritance of jaw size from one parent and tooth size from another, leading to discrepancies that can cause malocclusion.

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    Skeletal Pattern

    Inherited traits that determine the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, including the position and alignment of the teeth.

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    Evolutionary Jaws

    The process of natural selection that has led to changes in jaw size and tooth number over generations, contributing to malocclusion conditions.

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    Congenital Defects

    Conditions present at birth, which includes abnormal development of bones, teeth, and other structures.

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    Environmental Factors

    Factors influencing malocclusion that are not inherited, including habits, diet, and disease.

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    Heritability

    The study of inherited traits, focusing on how genes influence physical characteristics, including skeletal and dental features.

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    Premature loss of E (second deciduous molar)

    If the second deciduous molar (E) is lost prematurely, the first permanent molar (6) drifts forward, potentially affecting the eruption of the adjacent permanent tooth (5).

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    Loss of both upper and lower deciduous molars

    Loss of both upper and lower deciduous molars can cause a false Class III malocclusion (pseudoclass III) where the lower jaw appears to be more prominent than the upper jaw.

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    Unilateral loss of E

    Unilateral (one-sided) loss of the second deciduous molar (E) can cause a shift in the dental midline, especially in the lower arch.

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    Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth

    Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth can happen due to various factors like incomplete root resorption, ankylosis, absence of permanent successors, or abnormal eruption paths.

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    Loss of an upper incisor

    Loss of an upper incisor can lead to spacing between the remaining incisors.

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    Loss of a lower incisor

    Loss of a lower incisor can cause a shift in the dental midline.

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    Loss of a permanent first molar

    The loss of a permanent first molar can have significant consequences for the alignment of the other teeth, and overall dental health.

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    Loss of an upper canine tooth

    The loss of an upper canine tooth can affect the appearance of the face.

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    Cretinism

    A condition caused by decreased production of thyroid hormone in children, leading to abnormal tooth development, delayed eruption, and tongue enlargement.

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    Pituitary Dwarfism

    A condition caused by insufficient growth hormone production, resulting in short stature, delayed tooth eruption, and incomplete root formation.

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    Acromegaly

    A condition characterized by excessive growth hormone production, leading to enlargement of facial bones and fingers.

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    Gigantism

    A condition affecting height due to excessive growth hormone production during childhood, resulting in a very tall body.

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    Hypothyroidism

    A condition caused by decreased secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to abnormal tooth resorption and retention of deciduous teeth.

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    Acromegaly

    A condition resulting from excessive growth hormone production in adulthood, causing enlargement of facial bones and fingers.

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    Pituitary Dwarfism

    A condition caused by insufficient growth hormone production during childhood, leading to short stature and delayed tooth development.

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    Gigantism

    A condition caused by excessive growth hormone production during childhood, leading to extreme height.

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    Study Notes

    ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION LOCAL CAUSES

    • Malocclusion etiology can include general causes (next lecture) and local causes.
    • Congenitally missing teeth, teeth of atypical size/shape, abnormal labial frenum, premature loss of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and trauma are local causes.
    • Supernumerary teeth (extra teeth), abnormal eruption paths, abnormal pressure habits, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, loss of permanent teeth (through extraction), and local pathological factors contribute to malocclusions.
    • Congenitally missing teeth, often associated with ectodermal dysplasia, may cause adjacent teeth to drift.
    • Common missing teeth can include upper and lower third molars (wisdom teeth), upper lateral incisors, and lower second premolars.

    MISSING TEETH

    • Missing teeth can cause adjacent teeth to shift.
    • Canine teeth may erupt into the space of missing lateral incisors, causing a median diastema (gap between central incisors).
    • Canine teeth may replace missing laterals and reshape to resemble them; this can be done by implant or bridge.

    MEDIAN DIASTEMA CAUSES

    • Physiological spacing of permanent central incisors is normal at 7.5 years (typically temporary).
    • The gap closes with the further eruption of permanent lateral incisors and canines.
    • Other potential factors include familial tendencies, small teeth in large jaws, missing lateral incisors, misplaced laterals, peg-shaped laterals, supernumerary teeth between incisors (e.g., mesiodens), and abnormal labial frenum.

    SUPERNUMERARY TEETH

    • Supernumerary teeth (extra teeth) are commonly associated with congenital defects (e.g., cleft palate).
    • Mesiodens is a common type, typically conical and smaller than adjacent incisors.
    • This extra tooth is often single but can occur in pairs.
    • It is most commonly placed between the upper central incisors.
    • Removal is often advised.
    • Complications may include the obstruction of eruption of adjacent teeth and midline diastema.

    TEETH OF ABNORMAL SIZE AND FORM

    • Peg-shaped lateral incisors are a type of abnormal tooth morphology.
    • Problems like exaggerated cingulum or heavy marginal ridges can prevent normal overbites or overjets.
    • Developmental defects like amelogenesis imperfecta or enamel hypoplasia, gemination, fusion, Hutchinson's teeth, and Mulberry molars can also affect tooth morphology.

    ABNORMAL ERUPTION PATHS

    • Abnormal eruption paths are often secondary to severe crowding, supernumerary teeth, trauma to deciduous teeth, early orthodontic treatment, eruption cysts, and ectopic eruption.
    • Eruption cysts and ectopic eruption can cause the displacement of adjacent teeth, potentially impacting resorption patterns.
    • A permanent tooth, instead of following its predecessor, may cause resorption of an adjacent deciduous or permanent tooth when erupting in an abnormal position (e.g., upper first molar causing resorption of upper second deciduous molar).

    ABNORMAL LABIAL FRENUM

    • A thick, fibrous labial frenum positioned at the papilla instead of the alveolar crest can disrupt tooth alignment by preventing the central incisors from aligning correctly, causing diastemas.

    THUMB SUCKING

    • This is forceful thumb sucking with buccinator muscle and lip contractions.
    • It has three phases of development: normal and sub-clinically significant, clinically significant, and active thumb-sucking (ongoing after age 4).
    • Excessive thumb sucking can result in overjet, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, narrow/high palatal vault, and retrognathic mandible.
    • Psychological factors and feeding problems can also be causes.

    TONGUE THRUSTING

    • Tongue thrusting is a habit where the tongue thrusts between teeth during swallowing, potentially causing anterior open bite.

    ABNORMAL SWALLOWING, POSTURE. AND OTHER HABITS

    • Infantile swallowing can lead to a retained infantile swallowing, leading to malocclusion.
    • Poor posture can lead to malocclusion by accentuating existing conditions, influencing jaw development.
    • Mouth breathing and related factors are also a contributing factor.

    PREMATURE LOSS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH

    • Loss of deciduous teeth may lead to undesirable changes in the positioning of permanent teeth, frequently causing crowding and impacting the subsequent eruption of permanent successors.
    • The absence of deciduous teeth can affect spacing and alignment of permanent teeth, particularly affecting adjacent molars.
    • Loss of premolars or molars can create further complications, due to potential space loss and impacting future development.

    DELAYED PERMANENT TEETH ERUPTION

    • Factors like supernumerary teeth, retained deciduous teeth, eruption cysts, tooth malformations (e.g., dilaceration), and systemic disorders may affect permanent tooth eruption timetables, resulting in potential complications.

    LOCAL PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS

    • Cysts or tumors in the jaw can influence dental development.
    • Scar tissue from oral injuries can affect jaw development and may lead to more serious complications.
    • Inflammatory conditions can affect bone and cartilage.

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