Dental and Medical Conditions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Maxillary Sinus?

  • Makes the cranium bone lighter in weight
  • Regulates the temperature of the inspired air
  • Aids in auditory perception (correct)
  • Acts as a resonant bone

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Hypoadrenalism (Cushing's Syndrome)?

  • Unexplained weight loss (correct)
  • Skin Hyperpigmentation
  • Hirsutism and purple stretch marks
  • Moon face and buffalo hump

What is a common sign of Hyperthyroidism?

  • Weight gain
  • Nervousness and irritability (correct)
  • Cold intolerance
  • Decreased appetite

In a patient with liver failure and a dental abscess, which antibiotic is the most suitable choice?

<p>Clindamycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic solutions?

<p>Prolong anesthesia duration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the Maxillary Sinus NOT perform?

<p>Makes the cranium bone heavier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of Hypoadrenalism (Cushing's Syndrome)?

<p>Hirsutism and purple stretch marks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of Hyperthyroidism?

<p>Unexplained weight gain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate antibiotic for a patient with a dental abscess who has liver failure?

<p>Clindamycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an inferior alveolar nerve block, the needle ideally passes through which structure?

<p>Medial pterygoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of non-myelinated axons when compared to myelinated axons?

<p>Lack nodes of Ranvier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sensation is typically lost first after the administration of local anesthetic?

<p>Pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In performing a field block, where should the local anesthetic be deposited?

<p>Close to a large branch of the peripheral nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tooth is most challenging to anesthetize using the infiltration technique alone?

<p>Maxillary first molar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which injection technique is contraindicated in primary teeth?

<p>Intrapulpal injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment for a persistent oroantral fistula 12 weeks after the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar?

<p>Excision of the fistula and surgical closure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are innervated by the posterior superior alveolar nerve?

<p>Maxillary molar teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To minimize side effects from local anesthetic injections, which practice is NOT advisable?

<p>Inject rapidly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for non-myelinated axons compared to myelinated ones?

<p>They lack nodes of Ranvier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After administering local anesthetic, which sensation is the first to be lost?

<p>Pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should local anesthetic be deposited to achieve a field block?

<p>Main trunk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tooth is most difficult to anesthetize using the infiltration technique alone?

<p>Maxillary first molar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is contraindicated in primary teeth?

<p>Intrapulpal injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best treatment for a persistent oroantral fistula present for 12 weeks after the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar?

<p>Excision of the fistula and surgical closure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which teeth are supplied by the posterior superior alveolar nerve?

<p>Maxillary second and third molars and first molar except the mesiobuccal root of #6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a recommended practice to reduce the side effects of local anesthetic injections?

<p>Inject rapidly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient exhibiting an acetone odour is primarily suspected of having which condition?

<p>Diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Waters' view (Occipito-mental view), the X-ray beam is directed to the orbito-meatal line at what angle?

<p>Thirty-seven degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common reason for local anaesthesia failure in dentistry is attributed to which factor?

<p>Injecting into infected area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding lingual nerve is incorrect?

<p>Supplies anterior 2/3 of the tongue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maxillary sinus infection originating from dental sources is most commonly caused by which type of bacteria?

<p>Anaerobic bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with dental extraction in hypothyroid patients?

<p>No significant risks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the function of the lingual nerve?

<p>Sensory to the lingual gingiva and tongue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected duration of action for Lidocaine following dental extraction?

<p>4 to 6 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about penicillin?

<p>It is a narrow-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

<p>Hyperglycemic coma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Stenson's duct primarily associated with?

<p>Opens opposite the upper second molar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of a patient with a mild systemic disease according to the ASA?

<p>Class II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest paranasal sinus?

<p>Maxillary sinus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the duration of lidocaine local anesthetic action is correct?

<p>Lidocaine has a duration of action for 1 to 2 hours following dental extraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the effects of thyroid hormones?

<p>Thyroid hormones enhance the sensitivity of tissues to catecholamines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment correctly identifies a complication associated with diabetes mellitus?

<p>Hyperglycemic coma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of Stenson's duct?

<p>It opens opposite the upper second molar tooth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is severe periodontitis related to systemic diseases?

<p>Severe periodontitis is a common oral feature of diabetes mellitus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of a patient with mild systemic disease according to ASA?

<p>Class II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic classification correctly describes penicillin?

<p>Bactericidal antibiotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated if a patient complains the day after upper second molar extraction?

<p>Oro-antral fistula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maxillary Sinus Functions

Helps lighten the cranium, resonates sounds, regulates air temperature.

Hypoadrenalism Symptoms

Includes moon face, buffalo hump, skin changes, hypertension, diabetes.

Hyperthyroidism Signs

Characterized by nervousness, tremors, sweating, warm skin, and exophthalmos.

Clindamycin Use

Preferred antibiotic for dental abscess in liver failure patients.

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Vasoconstrictors in Anesthesia

Decrease toxicity and prolong effects of local anesthetics.

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Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique

Needle should be posterior and medial to medial pterygoid.

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Local Anesthetic Allergy Symptoms

Includes rash, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, and urticaria.

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Non-Myelinated Axons

Lack nodes, more excitable, differ in regeneration capabilities.

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Field Blocks

Require injections near large peripheral nerve branches.

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Maxillary First Molar Anesthesia

Most challenging tooth for infiltration anesthesia.

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Oroantral Fistula Management

May require surgical closure after 12 weeks if persistent.

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Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Supply

Supplies maxillary second and third molars, and first molar (except one root).

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Local Anesthesia Side Effects Minimization

Involves aspiration, minimal volumes, avoiding rapid injections.

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Controlled Hypothyroidism

Allows safe dental extractions.

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Lingual Nerve Function

Innervates lingual gingiva and floor of the mouth.

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Lidocaine Duration

Not lasting one to two days; usually shorter.

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Sialography Purpose

Does not test thyroid function; related to salivary glands.

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Prediabetes Sign

Glucose levels of 6.5 mmol/dl indicate prediabetes.

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Penicillin Type

Bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria, not just stops them.

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SYNACTHEN Test

Aids in diagnosing Addison's disease.

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Stenson's Duct Location

Located near the upper second molar.

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Vasoconstrictors and Bleeding

Can exacerbate bleeding during extractions.

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Maxillary Sinusitis Bacteria

Often involves aerobic bacteria causing infections.

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Diabetes and Periodontitis

Severe periodontitis is associated with diabetes.

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Steroid Use and Extractions

Individuals on steroids should receive hydrocortisone before extractions.

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Thyroid Gland Functions

Regulates other endocrine functions throughout the body.

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Lidocaine Type

An amide anesthetic commonly used in dental procedures.

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Palatal Infiltration Pain

Palatal infiltration is painful due to tight mucoperiosteum.

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ASA Class II Diseases

Mild systemic diseases correspond to ASA class II, not IV.

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Thyroid Hormones Role

Affect tissue sensitivity to catecholamines, like adrenaline.

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Diabetes Complications

Includes various forms of comas as complications.

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Ethmoidal Sinuses Size

Not the largest; maxillary sinuses are larger.

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Post-Extraction Complications

May indicate the presence of an oro-antral fistula.

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Study Notes

Maxillary Sinus Functions

  • Functions include making the cranium lighter, acting as a resonant bone, and regulating inspired air temperature for drainage.

Hypoadrenalism (Cushing's Syndrome)

  • Features include moon face, buffalo hump, skin hyperpigmentation, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Hirsutism and purple stretch marks are not typical.

Hyperthyroidism

  • Signs encompass nervousness, irritability, tremors, excessive sweating, warm moist skin, and exophthalmos.

Dental Abscess Treatment

  • Clindamycin is the preferred antibiotic for patients with liver failure and dental abscesses.

Local Anesthetic Solutions

  • Vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics reduce toxicity and prolong duration, while incorrectly increasing bleeding and toxicity.

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

  • The needle should ideally pass posterior and medial to the medial pterygoid during the block.

Local Anesthetic Allergy

  • Clinical presentations may include rash, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, and urticaria.

Non-Myelinated vs. Myelinated Axons

  • Non-myelinated axons lack nodes of Ranvier, are more excitable, and differ in regenerative capabilities.

Anesthesia Techniques

  • Field blocks require injection near large branches of peripheral nerves.
  • The most challenging tooth for infiltration anesthesia is the maxillary first molar.

Oroantral Fistula Management

  • Persistent fistulas post-extraction may require surgical closure after 12 weeks.

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve

  • Supplies maxillary second and third molars, and first molar (except mesio-buccal root of the maxillary first molar).

Side Effects of Local Anesthesia

  • To minimize side effects, techniques should include aspiration, using minimal effective volumes, and avoiding rapid injections.

True/False Statements

  • Controlled hypothyroidism allows for safe extractions. The lingual nerve innervates the lingual gingiva and floor of the mouth. Lidocaine duration is not one to two days. Sialography does not test thyroid function. Glucose levels of 6.5 mmol/dl signal prediabetes. Penicillin is bactericidal, not bacteriostatic. SYNACTHEN test aids in diagnosing Addison's disease. Stenson's duct is located near the upper second molar. Vasoconstrictors can exacerbate bleeding during extractions. Maxillary sinusitis often involves aerobic bacteria. Severe periodontitis is associated with diabetes. Individuals on steroids should receive hydrocortisone before extractions. The thyroid gland regulates other endocrine functions. Lidocaine is an amide anesthetic. Palatal infiltration is painful due to tight mucoperiosteum. Mild systemic diseases correspond to ASA class II, not class IV. Thyroid hormones affect tissue sensitivity to catecholamines. Complications of diabetes include various comas. Ethmoidal sinuses are not the largest; maxillary sinuses are. Post-extraction complications may indicate an oro-antral fistula.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various dental and medical conditions including maxillary sinus functions, hypoadrenalism, hyperthyroidism, and more. This quiz covers treatment options and important clinical presentations. Perfect for dental and medical students alike!

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