Dental Anatomy: Tooth-Socket Structure and Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of Sharpey's fibres in cementum?

They are mineralized collagen fibres that anchor tendons and attach fibre bundles of the PDL to the root.

What is the difference between acellular and cellular cementum?

Acellular cementum is the primary type that forms on the entire root surface and is the first to form, whereas cellular cementum is the secondary type that forms after tooth eruption.

What is the role of cementum in maintaining occlusal relationships?

It maintains a balance between attrition and eruption.

Why does cementum not form when the root surface is not in contact with PDL fibers?

<p>It is because there is no connective tissue attachment, and therefore, no cementum forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveolar process?

<p>It is the support system of the teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the alveolar process thick and dense compared to other types of bone?

<p>It provides adequate support for teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sockets in the alveolar process?

<p>They are designed to accommodate roots and the lower part of teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the interdental septum?

<p>It separates the sockets from each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the perforations in the alveolar process?

<p>They provide a passage for small vessels and nerves that supply the periodontium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of cementum to resorption under masticatory or orthodontic forces?

<p>It does not resorb, and instead, maintains tooth integrity and achieves orthodontic requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the tooth-socket?

<p>alveolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the alveolar process?

<p>alveolus or cribriform plate, compact bone, and trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the bone between the cortical plates and the alveoli?

<p>trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveolar process?

<p>it functions as a unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a healthy situation, where is the margin of the alveolar crest located in relation to the CEJ?

<p>2-3mm apical to the CEJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the constant state of remodeling of the alveolar process?

<p>physiological tooth movement, bone deposition, and bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone forms the facial and lingual cortical plates?

<p>compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there more or less trabecular bone in the mandible compared to the maxilla?

<p>less</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the bone that forms the facial and lingual cortical plates?

<p>compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the alveolar process when teeth are lost?

<p>it undergoes slow resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'periodontal' derived from and what does it refer to?

<p>The term 'periodontal' is derived from 'peri' meaning 'around' and 'odont' meaning 'tooth', and it refers to the tissues that surround and support the teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the masticatory mucosa?

<p>The primary function of the masticatory mucosa is to withstand frictional forces of food during mastication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the gingiva and what are their characteristics?

<p>The three parts of the gingiva are the free/marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae. The free gingiva is a soft wall of the sulcus, the attached gingiva is firm and resilient, and the interdental papillae are triangular in shape and stippled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five main fibre bundles in the periodontal ligament and what are their functions?

<p>The five main fibre bundles in the periodontal ligament are the dentogingival, alveologingival, dento-periosteal, circular, and transeptal bundles. They provide support, attachment, and anchorage to the tooth and surrounding tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periodontal ligament in relation to tooth anchorage and protection?

<p>The periodontal ligament acts as a suspensory cushion between the root surface and bone, allowing for limited movement of individual teeth and protecting blood vessels and nerves at the apex from excessive occlusal forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lining mucosa and the masticatory mucosa?

<p>The lining mucosa is a soft, pliable, and movable mucosa that is not attached to the underlying bone, whereas the masticatory mucosa is a keratinized mucosa that is attached to the underlying bone and provides mechanical toughness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament in terms of fibre tissue formation and maintenance?

<p>The periodontal ligament is responsible for fibrous tissue formation and maintenance, as well as calcified tissue development and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the periodontal ligament and how does it vary?

<p>The width of the periodontal ligament is approximately 0.2 mm, and it varies depending on age, location of the tooth, and degree of stress to which an individual is subjected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sulcus and how is it measured?

<p>The sulcus is a shallow depression between the tooth and the gingiva, and its depth is measured in millimeters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the periodontal ligament and what are their functions?

<p>The periodontal ligament consists of specialized connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. These components provide support, attachment, and anchorage to the tooth and surrounding tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cementum in relation to tooth anchorage?

<p>Helps with the anchorage of the tooth to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cementum in maintaining root integrity?

<p>Repairs root fractures by depositing new cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cementum in relation to dentinal tubuli?

<p>Supplies a seal for the dentinal tubuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cementum during orthodontic treatment?

<p>Regenerates or resorbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of cementum in terms of fibres?

<p>Contains Sharpey's fibres – mineralized collagen fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cementum in terms of its blood supply?

<p>Is avascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveolar process in relation to teeth?

<p>Support system of the teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the alveolar process in terms of its structure?

<p>Thickened ridge of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the perforations in the alveolar process?

<p>For small vessels and nerves which supply the periodontium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cementum formation and PDL fibers?

<p>Always forms when root surface is in contact with PDL fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the bone that undergoes slow resorption when teeth are lost?

<p>Alveolar process</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the facial and lingual cortical plates?

<p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the alveolar crest and the CEJ in a healthy situation?

<p>The alveolar crest follows the outline of the CEJ and lies 2-3mm apical to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is located between the cortical plates and the alveoli?

<p>Trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the alveolar process in relation to teeth?

<p>It functions as a unit and is tooth-dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the constant state of remodeling of the alveolar process?

<p>Physiological tooth movement, bone deposition, and bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the arrangement of teeth in relation to the alveolar process?

<p>It affects the formation of the cortical plates and the amount of trabecular bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the socket in which the tooth is located?

<p>Alveolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the alveolar process to tooth loss?

<p>It undergoes slow resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the alveolar process in relation to tooth anchorage?

<p>It provides support and anchorage for the teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'periodontal' refer to, and what are its components?

<p>The term 'periodontal' refers to the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Its components include the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the masticatory mucosa, and where is it located?

<p>The main function of the masticatory mucosa is to withstand frictional forces during mastication. It is located in the gingiva and hard palate, covering about 25% of the total oral mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the free and attached gingiva, and what are their functions?

<p>The free gingiva is a soft, unattached tissue that surrounds the tooth, while the attached gingiva is a firm, attached tissue that is bound to the bone. The free gingiva forms the sulcus, and the attached gingiva provides support and attachment to the tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of nerves found in the periodontal ligament, and what are their functions?

<p>The two types of nerves found in the periodontal ligament are sensory nerves (SAN) and autonomic nerves (IAN). The sensory nerves provide proprioception and detect pressures on the tooth, while the autonomic nerves provide nutrition to the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periodontal ligament in terms of tooth attachment and protection, and how does it achieve this?

<p>The periodontal ligament attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone and protects the tooth from excessive occlusal forces. It achieves this through the suspensory cushion of fibers that allow for limited movement of the tooth and cushion the tooth against shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the five main fibre bundles in the periodontal ligament?

<p>The five main fibre bundles in the periodontal ligament are the dentogingival, alveologingival, dento-periosteal, circular, and transeptal fibres. They provide support, attachment, and anchorage to the tooth, and transmit occlusal forces to the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sulcular epithelium, and where is it located?

<p>The sulcular epithelium is a type of epithelium that lines the sulcus and provides a barrier against microbial invasion. It is located in the sulcus, which is the space between the tooth and the gingiva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lining mucosa and the masticatory mucosa, and where are they located?

<p>The lining mucosa is a soft, pliable, and movable tissue that lines the oral cavity, while the masticatory mucosa is a keratinized and attached tissue that covers the gingiva and hard palate. The lining mucosa is located in the lips, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and ventral surface of the tongue, while the masticatory mucosa is located in the gingiva and hard palate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cementum, and how does it contribute to the attachment of the tooth to the bone?

<p>The cementum is a calcified tissue that covers the root surface of the tooth and provides a surface for the attachment of the periodontal ligament. It contributes to the attachment of the tooth to the bone by providing a site for the attachment of the periodontal ligament fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the interdental papillae, and where are they located?

<p>The interdental papillae are triangular-shaped tissues that fill the embrasures between teeth and provide a surface for the attachment of the periodontal ligament. They are located in the interdental areas, filling the spaces between adjacent teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cementum and Sharpey's Fibers

  • Sharpey's fibers are collagen fibers embedded in cementum that attach the periodontal ligament (PDL) to the tooth.
  • Acellular cementum is found at the root's apex and is avascular, lacking cells.
  • Cellular cementum is found in the coronal portion of the root and contains cementocytes, which are responsible for cementum formation and maintenance.
  • Cementum forms only when the root surface is in contact with PDL fibers.

Alveolar Process and Tooth Anchorage

  • The alveolar process is the bony structure that surrounds and supports the teeth.
  • It is thick and dense due to the constant stress from mastication.
  • Sockets in the alveolar process house the teeth.
  • The interdental septum is the bone between the sockets of adjacent teeth.
  • Perforations in the alveolar process allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.
  • Cementum undergoes resorption under masticatory or orthodontic forces.

Tooth-Socket Relationship

  • Alveolodental unit: the term used to describe the tooth-socket.
  • The alveolar process consists of three components: facial and lingual cortical plates, alveolar bone proper, and trabecular bone.
  • Alveolar bone proper is the bone between the cortical plates and the alveoli.
  • The alveolar crest is the most coronal part of the alveolar process and is usually just apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in a healthy situation.
  • The alveolar process is in a constant state of remodeling, involving resorption and formation.
  • Cortical plates are made of compact bone.
  • The mandible has more trabecular bone than the maxilla.
  • Bucco-lingual plates: the term used to describe the bone that forms the facial and lingual cortical plates.
  • The alveolar process resorbs when teeth are lost.

Periodontal Tissues

  • The term periodontal is derived from the Greek words "peri" (around) and "odont" (tooth), referring to the tissues surrounding the teeth.
  • The masticatory mucosa primarily protects the underlying tissues from the forces of mastication.
  • The gingiva is divided into three parts: free gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla.

Periodontal Ligament

  • The periodontal ligament (PDL) connects the cementum of the tooth to the alveolar bone and provides support and protection.
  • Five main fiber bundles in the PDL: alveolar crest fibers, horizontal fibers, oblique fibers, apical fibers, and interradicular fibers.
  • The PDL helps maintain tooth anchorage and provides protection against mechanical stress.
  • Lining mucosa lines the soft tissues of the oral cavity, while masticatory mucosa is specialized for mastication.
  • The PDL is responsible for fiber tissue formation and maintenance.
  • The PDL width varies but is typically 0.25 mm.

Sulcus and its Importance

  • The gingival sulcus is the space between the tooth and the free gingiva.
  • Measured with a periodontal probe in millimeters.

Components of the Periodontal Ligament

  • The PDL contains various components, including collagen fibers, oxytalan fibers, blood vessels, nerves, and cementum.

Cementum: Function and Characteristics

  • Cementum is a hard, avascular, and mineralized tissue that covers the root of the tooth.
  • It is essential for tooth anchorage by anchoring the PDL to the tooth.
  • It helps maintain root integrity by sealing off dentinal tubules.
  • Orthodontic treatment can cause changes in cementum thickness.
  • Cementum is primarily composed of collagen fibers.
  • Cementum has a limited blood supply.

The Alveolar Process: Structure and Function

  • The alveolar process is the bony structure that surrounds and supports the teeth.
  • It is characterized by its spongy bone structure.
  • Perforations in the alveolar process provide passage for blood vessels and nerves.
  • Cementum formation and PDL fibers are closely interconnected.
  • Supporting bone: the term for the bone that undergoes slow resorption when teeth are lost.
  • Facial and lingual cortical plates are composed of compact bone.
  • In a healthy situation, the alveolar crest is situated just apical to the CEJ.
  • Alveolar bone proper is located between the cortical plates and the alveoli.
  • The alveolar process plays a crucial role in providing tooth anchorage.
  • The constant remodeling process includes resorption and formation.
  • Tooth arrangement influences the shape of the alveolar process.
  • The socket is the bony cavity that houses the tooth.
  • The alveolar process resorbs in response to tooth loss.

Periodontal Tissues: Structure and Function

  • The term periodontal refers to the tissues surrounding the teeth, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
  • The masticatory mucosa is a specialized lining found in the gingiva, protecting the underlying structures during mastication.
  • Free gingiva surrounds the tooth crown and is not attached to bone, while attached gingiva is firmly attached to the underlying bone.
  • The PDL contains two types of nerves: sensory nerves that transmit pain and pressure sensations, and autonomic nerves that regulate blood flow and lymph drainage.
  • The PDL is crucial for tooth attachment and protection through its fiber bundles and elastic properties.
  • The five main fiber bundles in the PDL contribute to tooth anchorage, support, and protection.
  • The sulcular epithelium lines the gingival sulcus and serves as a barrier against bacteria.
  • The lining mucosa is found in the rest of the oral cavity and is less specialized than the masticatory mucosa.
  • Cementum is a hard, avascular tissue that covers the root and contributes to tooth anchorage by anchoring the PDL to the tooth.
  • Interdental papillae are the triangular-shaped gingival tissue that fills the space between the teeth.

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Description

Test your knowledge of dental anatomy by identifying the different parts of the tooth-socket, including the alveolus, compact bone, and trabecular bone. Learn how these components function together and how they are affected by tooth loss. Assess your understanding of radicular bone, interproximal bone, interadicular bone, and crestal bone.

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