Dental Anatomy: Mandibular First Molar

Contains five cusps: two buccal, two lingual, and one distal.
Characterized by a bulky buccal surface inclined towards the lingual side, marked by two developmental grooves.
Crown measurement: wider mesio-distally compared to bucco-lingually.
Occlusal outline has a rectangular shape.
Features two robust roots: one mesial and one distal.

Mesial contact area located at the junction of the occlusal and middle thirds of the crown.
Distal contact area situated lower than the mesial contact area.
Regular cervical line curving apically.
Two developmental grooves present, differentiating the buccal cusps; mesio-buccal groove is shorter than the disto-buccal groove.
Distinct visibility of mesio-buccal, disto-buccal, and distal cusps, with tips of mesio-lingual and disto-lingual cusps also visible.
Mesio-buccal cusp slightly wider than disto-buccal, together comprising approximately 80% of mesio-distal width.
Buccal cusps exhibit flat occlusal surfaces; distal cusp is rounded.
Bifurcation point of the two roots found approximately 3 mm below the cervical line.

Three visible cusps: mesio-lingual (widest and tallest), disto-lingual, and the lingual part of the distal cusp.
Lingual cusps are pointed, forming obtuse angles at the cusp tips.
Lingual developmental groove runs downward for roughly one-third of the crown length, serving as a division between lingual cusps.

Crown presents a rhomboidal shape with a lingual tilt on the buccal outline.
Buccal outline convex at the cervical-middle junction, then straightens towards cusp tip.
Lingual outline has less convexity with the crest of curvature at the center of the middle third.
Irregular cervical line, higher on the lingual side than buccal.
Buccal cusp is flatter, while the lingual cusp is sharper and taller.
Mesial marginal ridge situated 1 mm below cusp tip level.

Crown appears shorter distally, allowing visibility of most buccal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces from this view.
Distal cusp positioned buccal to the tooth's long axis.
Distal marginal ridge is short, curving cervically and forming an obtuse angle.
The cervical line appears irregular in this view.
Distal root is narrower in comparison to the mesial root.

Crown shape is rectangular, mesio-distally longer by 1 mm than bucco-lingually.
Bucco-lingual measurement greater in the mesial region than the distal; mesio-distal measurement larger on the buccal than lingual.
More of the buccal surface visible compared to the lingual surface.
Five cusps identified: largest is mesio-buccal, followed by mesio-lingual, disto-lingual, disto-buccal, and smallest is the distal cusp.
Distal contact area located on the distal cusp.
Four developmental grooves identified: central (central), mesio-buccal (between mesio-buccal and disto-buccal cusps), disto-buccal (between disto-buccal and distal cusps), and lingual (between mesio-lingual and disto-lingual cusps).
Presence of three fossa: central fossa.