Dental Anatomy and Furcation Pathology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor leading to clinical attachment loss (CAL) in the furcation area?

  • Accumulation of plaque biofilm (correct)
  • Presence of root length local anatomical factor
  • Furcation classification by Glickman
  • Local anatomical factors such as cervical enamel projections (CEPs)

Which classification is the most commonly used for furcation involvement?

  • Hamp’s classification
  • Glickman’s classification (correct)
  • Tarnow and Fletcher’s classification
  • Masters & Hoskins classification

What are the characteristics of Glickman’s classification Grade II furcation involvement?

  • Interdental bone destruction with soft tissue recession apically
  • Loss of bone at the dome of furcations
  • Remaining alveolar bone attached to tooth, may be early or advanced (correct)
  • Incipient/ early stage bone loss with no radiographic changes

What local anatomical factor has a direct proportional relationship with the amount of attachment loss in the furcation area?

<p>Root length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What local anatomical factor affects the rate of plaque deposition and complicates oral hygiene procedures in the furcation area?

<p>Interradicular dimension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of furcation involvement is soft tissue recession apically and furcation opening clinically visible?

<p>Glickman’s classification Grade IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of treatment for furcation lesions?

<p>Elimination of plaque biofilm from exposed surfaces of the root complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment option aims to maintain the furcation without surgical intervention?

<p>Nonsurgical mechanical debridement (Scaling/ root planning) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cervical enamel projection (CEP) extends horizontally into the furcation entrance, complicating plaque removal and being a local factor in the development of gingivitis and periodontitis?

<p>Masters &amp; Hoskins Grade III CEPs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem complicates the accessibility of DeMarco curettes in non-surgical therapy for furcation lesions?

<p>Problem with accessibility of DeMarco curettes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be removed to facilitate maintenance in cases of cervical enamel projections (CEPs)?

<p>The CEPs themselves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a key factor in treatment planning for furcation lesions?

<p>Divergence degree of interradicular dimension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suitable treatment for grade I and early grade II furcation involvement?

<p>Tunnel preparation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible side effect of furcationplasty?

<p>Root caries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is root resection recommended as a treatment option?

<p>For advanced grade II furcation involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of tunnel preparation as a treatment option?

<p>To remove bone from the furcation to produce an open tunnel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for hemisection as a treatment option?

<p>Grade II furcation involvement in mandibular molars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of regeneration as a treatment option for furcation problems?

<p>To complete elimination of the defect within the inter-radicular space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is extraction of furcation involved teeth recommended?

<p>For advanced grade III furcation involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between root resection and hemisection as treatments for furcation problems?

<p>Root resection removes both roots, while hemisection removes only one root (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after fixation of the membrane in regeneration treatment?

<p>Full coverage to prevent membrane exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are bone grafts and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) recommended as a treatment option?

<p>For vertical bone defects only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible side effects of tunnel preparation as a treatment option?

<p>Root sensitivity and root caries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible side effect of root hemisection as a treatment option?

<p>Pulp necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the furcation?

<p>The anatomic area of a multi-rooted tooth where the roots diverge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the furcation invasion?

<p>The pathologic resorption of bone within a furcation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the height of the furcation trunk?

<p>The distance between the CEJ and the line of root separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the furcation entrances?

<p>The earliest areas of furcation involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of furcation defects carried out?

<p>Through clinical examination (careful probing) using a Nabors probe and Transgingival sounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of proper diagnosis of furcation defects?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Nabors probe?

<p>To make direct contact with bone forced under LA through the gingiva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is transgingival sounding used for?

<p>To measure the depth of a furcation defect from a reference point on the root trunk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is radiographic examination used for in diagnosing furcation defects?

<p>To visualize and determine the extent and configuration of the furcation defect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to furcation invasion?

<p>The type and direction of forces applied during chewing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Nabors probe make direct contact with?

<p>The bone forced under LA through the gingiva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Transgingival sounding measure?

<p>The depth of a furcation defect from a reference point on the root trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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