Density and Mass Calculations in Science
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Questions and Answers

What is the mass in grams of 85.32 mL of blood plasma with a density of 1.03 g/mL?

  • 85.32 g
  • 87.88 g
  • 87.9 g (correct)
  • 88.65 g

What is the specific gravity of a substance with a density of 1.1 g/cm³?

  • 0.95
  • 1.0
  • 0.9
  • 1.1 (correct)

In the equation for calculating density, what does the term 'density' represent?

  • Mass times volume
  • Volume times specific gravity
  • The volume divided by the mass
  • The mass divided by the volume (correct)

If a sample of rubbing alcohol has a specific gravity of 0.789, what is its density in g/mL?

<p>0.789 g/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conversion factor should be used to convert 5.0 g of a substance with a density of 1.05 g/mL to mL?

<p>1 mL/1.05 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the displaced volume of an object determined when calculating density?

<p>By subtracting the initial water level from the final water level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating density?

<p>Density = Mass / Volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about conversion factors is correct?

<p>They must be written as fractions to be useful. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a conversion factor is expressed as 2.21 lb = 1 kg, which of the following is correct?

<p>2.21 lb can be used to convert kilograms to pounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using the factor-label method correctly?

<p>Only the final unit remains after cancellation of unwanted units. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to convert 130 lb into kilograms using a conversion factor?

<p>130 lb x 1 kg/2.21 lb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about density is true?

<p>Density can change based on environmental factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific notation for the standard number 0.000138?

<p>1.38 x 10-4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about numbers with negative exponents in scientific notation?

<p>They are decimal numbers less than one. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you express the number 2500 in scientific notation?

<p>2.5 x 103 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when converting 2.80 x 10–2 back to a standard number?

<p>0.0280 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents 1.28 x 107 in standard form?

<p>128,000,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 520000 expressed in scientific notation with three significant figures?

<p>5.20 x 10^5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct representation of 0.12 in scientific notation?

<p>1.2 x 10-2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of gas?

<p>Expands to fill its container (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

<p>Rusting of iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pure substance?

<p>Has a constant composition regardless of sample size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties can be observed without changing the substance?

<p>Melting point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a homogenous mixture?

<p>Composition is uniform throughout (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about a compound?

<p>Formed by chemically joining two or more elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a physical change?

<p>The crystallization of salt from water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a mixture be separated?

<p>By physical means (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of chemistry?

<p>The study of matter and its properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a naturally occurring form of matter?

<p>Silk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substances listed below are considered chemicals?

<p>Fruit, milk, and breakfast cereal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the scientific method?

<p>Make observations and ask questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly distinguishes between natural and synthetic matter?

<p>Natural matter includes substances like gemstones; synthetic matter includes substances like Styrofoam. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a synthetic matter?

<p>Styrofoam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the composition of chemicals?

<p>Chemicals consist of identical compositions and properties throughout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting experiments in the scientific method?

<p>To gather data to support or refute the hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting experiments in the scientific method?

<p>To gather evidence that supports or contradicts the hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a liquid state of matter?

<p>It has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a hypothesis if experimental results do not support it?

<p>It can be revised or modified (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do solid particles behave in a solid state of matter?

<p>They lie close together in a regular pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis in the context of the scientific method?

<p>An educated guess that can be tested (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly identifies an observation?

<p>I notice my heart rate increases when I run. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about gases is true?

<p>They occupy both volume and shape of their container (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a conclusion drawn from an experiment?

<p>My weight loss is due to exercising more. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is chemistry?

The study of matter, its composition, properties, and transformations.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What are chemicals?

Substances that have the same composition and properties regardless of where they're found.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic approach to gaining knowledge about the world, involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and analysis.

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What is a hypothesis?

An initial explanation or prediction based on observations, which can be tested through experimentation.

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What is an experiment?

A carefully designed procedure to test a hypothesis, often involving manipulating variables and collecting data.

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What is data analysis?

The process of analyzing collected data to draw conclusions about the hypothesis.

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What is a conclusion?

The outcome of a scientific investigation based on data analysis, which may support, refute, or modify the initial hypothesis.

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Physical Change

A change in the physical form of a substance without changing its chemical composition.

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Chemical Change

A change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances.

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Physical Properties

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance.

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Pure Substance

A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule.

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Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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Compound

A substance formed by chemically combining two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

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Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout. The different parts are not visible.

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Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a non-uniform composition. The different parts are visible.

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Solid

A state of matter that has a definite volume and shape, with particles closely packed in a regular three-dimensional array.

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Liquid

A state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container, with particles close together but able to move past one another.

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Gas

A state of matter that has no definite volume or shape, and particles are far apart and move freely.

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Conclusion

The process of forming a conclusion based on the results of a scientific experiment.

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Hypothesis

A statement that can be tested through experiments, typically a prediction about a relationship between variables.

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Scientific Method

The systematic process of observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing used to investigate phenomena and acquire knowledge.

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Observation

The process of gathering information about the world through senses or instruments.

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Experiment

A procedure designed to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions, typically involving manipulating variables and measuring outcomes.

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Density

The mass of a substance per unit volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its volume.

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Volume Displacement

A technique to determine the volume of an irregular solid by submerging it in a liquid and measuring the volume of the displaced liquid.

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Volume

The amount of space occupied by a substance.

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Volume

The amount of space occupied by a substance, usually measured in milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm³).

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Graduated Cylinder

A tool used to measure the volume of liquids.

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Factor-Label Method

A method for converting units by multiplying a quantity by a conversion factor, ensuring that units cancel out appropriately.

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Conversion Factor

A ratio between two quantities that expresses the relationship between them.

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What is density?

Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume. It is often expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).

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Conversion factor in density

The conversion factor is used to convert between different units. In the context of density, the conversion factor is the density itself, written as a ratio of mass to volume. This allows you to cancel out unwanted units and obtain the desired unit.

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Specific gravity

Specific gravity is a dimensionless quantity that compares the density of a substance to the density of water at the same temperature. Since the density of water is approximately 1 g/mL, the specific gravity of a substance is essentially equal to its density but without units.

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Why is specific gravity unitless?

Specific gravity is unitless because the units of the numerator (density of the substance) and the denominator (density of water) cancel out. It's simply a ratio.

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Scientific Notation

A way to express very large or very small numbers using powers of ten. It's like a shorthand for writing out all those zeros.

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Coefficient (in Scientific Notation)

The coefficient is the number that multiplies the power of ten. It's essentially the 'main' number you're working with.

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Exponent (in Scientific Notation)

The exponent tells you how many times to multiply ten by itself (or how many times to divide by ten if it's negative). It essentially determines the 'scale' of the number.

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Positive Exponent (in Scientific Notation)

When the exponent is positive, it means the number is greater than one. Think 'bigger' for positive exponents!

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Negative Exponent (in Scientific Notation)

When the exponent is negative, it means the number is less than one. Think 'smaller' for negative exponents!

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Converting to Scientific Notation

To convert a standard number to scientific notation, move the decimal point until you have a number between one and ten. The number of places you moved the decimal is the exponent.

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Converting from Scientific Notation

To convert a number from scientific notation back to standard form, move the decimal place to the right if the exponent is positive, or to the left if it's negative.

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Why Use Scientific Notation?

Scientific notation is used to express very large or very small numbers in a compact and easily-readable form.

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Study Notes

Matter and Measurement

  • Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, and transformations.
  • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
  • Naturally occurring matter includes cotton, silk, hair, sand, gemstones, and digoxin (a cardiac drug).
  • Synthetic (human-made) matter includes nylon, polyester, styrofoam, ibuprofen, and many antibiotics.
  • Matter is another word for all substances that make up the world (e.g., antacid tablets, water, glass, air).
  • Chemistry studies the composition, structure, and properties of matter, and the changes it undergoes.
  • All matter is made up of basic building blocks called atoms.
  • Chemicals are substances with consistent composition and properties.
  • Chemicals are often created by chemists and are used in everyday products (e.g., toothpaste).
  • Examples of chemicals in toothpaste include calcium carbonate (abrasive), sorbitol (prevents hardening), titanium dioxide (whitener), triclosan (antibacterial), and sodium fluorophosphate (strengthens enamel).
  • Other examples of kitchen chemicals include silicon dioxide or glass, chemically treated water, Metal alloys, Natural polymers, and natural gas.
  • Sunlight is energy, not matter and thus does not contain chemicals.
  • Fruit, milk, and breakfast cereal are matter and contain chemicals.

The Scientific Method

  • The scientific method is a set of general principles used in scientific thinking.
  • Scientists first make observations and ask questions about natural phenomena.
  • Next, they propose a hypothesis, a possible explanation for the observations.
  • Experiments are then conducted to test the hypothesis.
  • Results are analyzed, leading to a conclusion regarding the validity of the hypothesis.
  • If the experimental results do not support the hypothesis, it can be modified.

Discovery of Penicillin

  • Penicillin was discovered through observation and the scientific method.

Using the Scientific Method

  • The scientific method is used in everyday situations, such as determining if you are allergic to cats.
  • Observations lead to a hypothesis, which can be tested through additional experiments and observations.

Classification of Matter

  • Matter can be classified into pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures.
  • Pure substances have a constant composition regardless of sample size or origin, and cannot be broken down into other pure substances by physical changes.
    • Examples include diamonds, sugar (C12H22O11) and water (H2O).
  • Compounds are chemically joined elements.
    • Example, table salt (NaCl) is a compound composed of sodium and chlorine.
  • Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical change.
    • Example, aluminum (Al).
  • Mixtures contain more than one substance.
    • Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition, like brass (copper and zinc)) or heterogeneous (uneven composition, like water and copper).

Measurements

  • Measurements consist of a number and a unit.
  • Numbers without units are meaningless.
  • The metric system uses units like meters, liters, and grams.
  • The English system uses units like feet, gallons, and pounds.
  • Exact numbers result from counting or definitions.
  • Inexact numbers (measured values) have some uncertainty.

Significant Figures

  • Significant figures represent meaningful digits in a measurement.
  • All nonzero digits are significant.
  • Zeros are significant when they are between nonzero digits, at the end of a number with a decimal, and in scientific notation.
  • Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant.

Density

  • Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
  • Density = mass/volume (g/mL)
  • Density is an intensive property.
  • Water density is roughly 1.0 g/mL.
  • Less dense substances float on denser substances.

Converting Units

  • The factor-label method (dimensional analysis) is used to convert units.
  • Conversion factors are written as ratios to cancel out unwanted units.

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Chapter 1 - Matter and Measurement PDF

Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in density and specific gravity calculations. Specifically, it will test your ability to convert volume to mass and understand the relationship between density and gravity. Designed for students studying basic chemistry or scientific principles.

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